َ ْ‫َأن‬

‫ت‬
you (masculine, singular)

ِ ْ‫َأن‬
‫ت‬
you (feminine, singular)

You (ms) are a friend.

‫ت َخلِْي ٌل‬
َ ْ‫َأن‬
ِ
‫ت َخلْي ٌل‬َ ْ‫َأن‬

ms = masculine, singular

We studied that words that are blue normally get the "u" sound at the end. Then why doesn't ‫ت‬ َ ْ‫َأن‬
have an "u" sound at the end in this sentence? Because for some reason it doesn’t change; it's an
unchangeable noun. An unchangeable noun can get colors, but the colors don't have any effect
on its ending. Therefore, an unchangeable noun has the same ending no matter what its color.
Here are some more:

‫ُه َو‬
he

‫ِه َي‬
she

‫َأنَا‬
I

The last one is special because even though it ends in an alif, it is not pronounced "anaa". It is
pronounced "ana", as though it were spelled ‫َأ َن‬.

Very important rule #5: Words that are unchangeable don't change their endings regardless of
their color. So, if I give you a new word together with its ending, that means it is unchangeable.
Why else would I give you the ending? It would make no sense for me to give the ending if it
was going to change depending on the color of the word.

ِ ْ‫هو ِهي َأنْت َأن‬.

We have seen five unchangeable nouns so far: ‫ت َأنا‬ َ َ َُ

I am Khalid's father.
I am Khalid's father.
‫َأنا والِ ُد خالِ ٍد‬

‫ُأخت‬
ْ
sister

Note that I did not give an ending with ‫ُأخت‬.

ْ That means it's changeable, not unchangeable.

She is Muhammad's father's sister.

She is Muhammad's father's sister.
‫د‬Gٍ ‫ت والِ ِد حُمَ َّم‬
ُ ‫ُأخ‬
ِ
ْ ‫ه َي‬

Here we have two owners and two owned words. The last word is an owner. The one before it
is both an owner and owned. The word before it is owned but not an owner.

Remember that in English the owner comes first but in Arabic it comes last.