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Jannah – doer
attended – action
my – owner
lecture – receiver
today – time of the action
Aamir – doer
eats – action
his – owner
lunch – receiver
here – place of the action
Important rule #4: The time or place of an action are both red. Remember, I said that all
receivers are red, but I never said that everything red is a receiver. In fact, we'll see more red
words later on, insha Allah.
Please remember that there can only be one doer per action. In the previous sentence "I" is
not a doer. It is merely a connected borrower (and its connector is "and", of course) that's
borrowing from "Yusuf", the doer.
It is, however, possible for one action to have two (or even three) receivers, but that's
advanced Arabic and we're not going to look at it now. In the previous sentence there is just
one receiver, "book", and "magazine" is a connected borrower that's borrowing from
"book".
He drinks water.
He drinks water.
His school's teachers and principal are leaving the school today.
His school's teachers and principal are leaving the school today.
In this example what is the word "and" connecting and to what? Actually, it's connecting the
second sentence to the first. So, "She drank our milk." is being connected to "She ate our
cookies." via "and". Of course, you'll ask why the second sentence isn't borrowing the color
of the first if it's a connected borrower. The answer is: the first sentence doesn't have a color
to give. If it did, the second sentence would have the same color. But the first is colorless, so
so is the second.
Once again, the connector, "and", is connecting the second sentence to the first.