Danica A.

Dacanay
Earth and Space
FACTS AND TRIVIAS
WHAT IS
EARTHQUAKE?
An unexpected release
of energy in the
The focus is on the location where an
earthquake begins within the crust of the earth.
Earth's crust that
while the epicenter is the location on Earth's results in seismic
surface right above the focus. A seismic wave is
the energy that is released in an earthquake; waves causes an
the waves spread out from the focus. It is
strongly felt most at the epicenter, and it will earthquake, which is
become less strong as the place goes further
away. Most of the damage will also be near the
the shaking of the
epicenter.
planet's surface.

Giuseppe Mercalli, an Italian volcanologist,

created the Mercalli Intensity Scale in 1884.
Adolfo Cancani expanded it in 1902 to include
WHAT ARE THE POSITIVE
EFFECTS?
WHAT ARE THE POSITIVE
EFFECTS?
SAFETY
12 degrees of intensity. In 1931, Harry O. Wood
and Frank Neumann made additional changes
to it. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is
Earthquake can also be useful.
Because they paint a picture of
what is happening underground.
MEASURES
what it is now called.
As little more than a reason, before, DURING, AND AFTER A
geothermal energy may be
extracted more effectively while Earthquake
Charles F. Richter of the California Institute also working to develop ways to
of Technology created the Richter track the flow of water.
magnitude scale in 1935 as a mathematical
tool to compare earthquake sizes. WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVE
Seismographs record the amplitude of EFFECTS?
waves, and this information is used to WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVE
calculate the magnitude of an earthquake. EFFECTS?

Ground vibrations, soil

liquefaction, landslides, cracks,
avalanches, fires, and tsunamis
can all be caused by earthquakes.
The magnitude of an earthquake
determines how much damage
and devastation it causes.
intensity and timeframe.

PHILIPPINE RED CROSS: 742-2199. PNP: 820-6474. BFP: 284-0427 COAST GUARD: 09215246355
 BEFORE DURING AFTER
Learn where the exits are at your
home, school, or any other
location you may be.

Inspect the stability of any Under a strong desk or table,

hanging items, such as perform the duck, cover, and
chandeliers and ceilings. hold technique while holding on
to it, or cover your head with your - In case the other person was
Talked with your family and arms. hurt, check yourself and them.
build plans in case of

emergency. Watch out for falling things. - Before entering or using it,
Keep your eyes open and stay make sure your home and the
Participate in the daily attentive. school are secure.
scheduled earthquake drills.

Get away from steep slopes - Check your surroundings to

where landslides could occur. see if there is any potential for
Create a helpful a fire to spread.
emergency kit. If an earthquake is strong and

you are close to sea level, get to - If necessary, evacuate and

higher ground right away. A bring your emergency supplies
tsunami could come next. and other critical documents.

If your car is moving, pull over - listen to battery-powered

and exit; avoid trying to cross any radios for updates on
bridges, overpasses, or flyovers catastrophe prevention advice.
that may have damage.

PHILIPPINE RED CROSS: 742-2199. PNP: 820-6474. BFP: 284-0427 COAST GUARD: 09215246355