Chapter 2 Algebra and Functions 1. SOLVING EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES, ‘When solving an equation, perform the same operations on both sides in order to isolate the variable, Example: [2x — 3} Solution: 2x3 = £5 x= 4543 #509 4or-1 Example: Solve 2 Solution: xe ~ 4) xt 4x ~6 x?—5x4+6=0 (= 2)(x=3) x=2or3 Note: When solving a rational equation, itis very important to check that the answers should not make the denominator equal to zero. Example: Solve: x ~3 = VIE=3 Solution: (x — 3)? = (VOe=3) x? = 6x49 = 2x=3 x? -8x+12=0 @-DH-6) =0 x=60r2 Note: When solving a radical equation, itis very important to check that the answers satisfy the original equation. In this case, only x = 6 is the conect answer. x26 Example: Solve 2 — wa Fa ~2(x? — 4) = 8G +2) oxt de ard8xteave4=0 Since x for this equation. 2 makes the denominator equal to zero, there's no solution Solving inequality equations is just the same as solving the regular equations. Perform the same operations on both sides to isolate the variable, as well as reverse the direction of the inequality when multiplying or dividing with a negative number on both sides of the inequality equation, such as reversing 2, or> to or < For example, multiplying a1 on both sides ofthe inequality, 3 = 2, will get the result Absolute Value Inequality The absolute value of a number is the distance from that aumber to the zero-mark on the number line, The abgolite value of any number is always non-negative. If |x ~a| < 6, then all values of xare between a ~ 6 and a + b, inclusive on the number line: a~b sx Sab. Example: |x ~ 1 $3 Solution: -3 x= 13 1-3sx<143 -2sx If [x — al & b, then all values of x are either fess than or equal to a ~ b, oF greater than or equal to a+ on the number line: x= a+b orx Sab, Examples x= 1] 2 3 Solution: 33x ~ Lorx— 1s — 143Sxorxsl~ xB 4orxs~2 Solving Polynomial Inequality Equations Ix ~ 120, then the result of this inequality is shown on the number line below: ‘The real number line is divided into positive and negative sections at x= 1. Since the inequality equation is looking for 2 0, the positive section is the answer so that xeTo solve the second degree polynomial: (x +1) (x~ 1) <0 ‘The number line is divided into three sections by two zeros, x = =1 and x= 1 starting from the right most as a positive region, a negative region in the middle, and then a positive region again at the left mast, as shown in the graph below. Since the inequality equation indicates < 0, the answers lay on the negative section so that =1 $x <1, Example: Solve (x +2) (¢~ 1)(x~3) 20 4 The answer of (x +2) (x 1)(x ~ 3) 2 Ois (x 2 3} or {2s x <1). Example: Solve (x +2)(x=1)*(x- 3) <0 Solution: Since (x ~ 1)? is always greater than or equal to zero, so that the (x + 2)(x = 1)% +3) < O has the solution of (x + 2)(x~ 3) < Obut x #1 (note that the equation is looking for < 0 not < 0) ‘The answer is -2 3} or (-2sxst. Example: Solve x* — 6x —~7.< 0 Solution: x? — 6x -7 = (x= 7)(x+1) <0<----k ‘The answer is (-1 Oand — Arswer: (C) for all jas esl 4 ®ol-s4If [x — 41 <9, what are the possible values of x? (Aj-S4 (B)-34 @)-3 Oand (e~4) <0 v>—bandx<4 3 36x64 Case 2,(¢ +3) < Oand (x4) >0 xe—Band x > 4 (Chick bock oy ths 8 nota post solution set)13. simplify (1 +2) + ssc (6 (a) xty 142)+(e-8 @x-y Wee Or Ah oO im , © = eH e-Y 14. In how many points do the graphs of x4 ‘Answer: (A) and y? ~ x7 = 1 intersect? Bot gaps ave te asympotesy = (A) 0 hey don't terse in ay pot ad They inact nay po too . f (D3 (©) Aninginitely number J a . 15, What isthe sum of the roots of the equation Anse: (D) (x — v5)(x? - v3x + 2x) = 07 é we oS ) (- B\Q"- vie +2») (B) -1.689 = (x—v5)x(x~ v5 +2) =0 Shi “Three ots: 5, 0,632) 244 B+ 04 (2) = 1.060 16. the system of equations given by gr} gy = g has“ solutions for all values of a EXCEPT ‘ (a) -6 176, then tse are to part tes @ 6 sath seme dope, © (D) 3 @1 7, Anse (6)18. 19, 20. Helen threw a paper plane along the slide with a slope of 1, assuming she was a the origin of the coordinate plane and the path ofthe paper plane followed by the equation y? = 2x, Find the coordinates ofthe point at which the paper plane hit the sides. (A) 0.9) (B) (2,1) ©» ©) 1.2) ez Which of the follovcing the solution, written in interval notation, to the inequality, 4x? — 2x +1 > 3x? + 2x + 6? {A)(-1, 0) (B) (-%, A] U [5, 9) 6% (D)C~, =u Gea) ©) 4 (x, y4) and (x, ¥2) are the points of intersection of the circle whose equation is x? +y* = ® and the line x = y, find the value of y +3 (a2 B)-2 ©o Ot ®-4 Which of the following will have p> 0,xy # 0? (Ayx>0 (x <0 Djr0 Pode 550 G-DGeD>0 Sherer wither x > Sor <~L Aner: (©) = way>o w>y? ‘Durpre,x y>0 “Theor met isto pck too ensy ribs to ry21. Which ofthe following is the solution set of GDB" < yy 24. sy (A) -3 0, EB 50 oat be~3, therefore, the sbtion set ie-3cxsa <2R =, so Answer: B) Gide ser _saten Answer: (D} 0, x7 0auda? >0 eox-6<0 G-DG+2 <0 ‘he solution should be -2 0, then which ofthe following could be rue? Lo4 Wo 8 (ys Asis Divide enc frm by x Asser (8) The aluion setofx? + 4x +3-< Dis Wien x= 1.70) 3, fi) = 16) 2, F(a) ~ 9 flestmore vas) =15, f= 625 ‘Thorne, 4 < Fs) < 1630. Which of the following is the solution set for x ~ 2x +1) >0? (A) x<2 (B) -12 () -1>xor2>2>0 (D) x<2orxent (@) ~1 2 then (A) ~4Sxy 52 (@) ~#sxys4 © -tsxysz (©) 2sxy52 xyz 32. Ma and b are real numbers, witha > b and lal < [bt then which of the following must be true? (A) ab <0 (B) ab>0 (aro () b<0 (B) None of the above 38. Which of the following is the set ofall real numbers of r-such that [x2 ~ 2} < 27 (a) x<2 (8) 0 Aanszer: (AS axa wax-2<0 G@+2@-1) <0 4 -2ex<1 ayy B2 yi-3yt2s0 G-2O-N<0 + 1sy<2 Therefore, ~4'S xy $2 Answer: (0) Ya=ib Yya=—1b Answer: (D) be 2) <2 -2ex-2<2 vextce Thergfore, x4 O and ~2 0 for all real values of x? Lf@ =e Th f(a) = 1 =sinta) UL. f(x) = Qe) (A) Lit and (6) Lonly (© Land il only (D) Wend tl only @) Land lit only For what values of 1 does the system of equations above have no solutions? (ay nz @) nes (C) ned (0) n>s @n O for all x, then the range of (1 — x) is (A) greater thant (B} tess than 0 (©) less than 1 (D) greater than 0 (B) less than or equal to 0 Te (G0) = Vand g(a) = (A) 133 (8) 233 3 () 353 ea ~27,find (f © g)(4) =? lep@axe (Ay (8) (9 WT (0) WEFT Om 4, then the inverse of f(x) is IF F(x) = [x], which of the Following values of x does f() = f(-? (A) > Oonly (8) x= only (©) x Os constant fanction forall dues fs Ansuer:(C) were MTT = 123 Hows Hg) = Ansiver: 2) fee x= Yet Inereange ny tse £90) = FET eat Anson (E) Je] =1— 2 forall onlesofx23. IE fe) = VE +4, for allx > 0, then f-*(x) =? Aas (©) (A) 241 2 yeviti ont oa © wu o-v=x (0) @ +1" Interchange xd y oid fs) ® x41 yan at 24, We f(%) = [3x2 ~ 2x3J, then f(20) Answer (6) cadet 40) = [8 x 108 ~2 10% = 1700 (8) 300 700) = x10'l= © 300 (D) 700 (E) 1,700 25, Answer: (D} afte) =b-t=xbiotex 26. Anse (B) Only g(a) = (48 ~1)(2x ~ 3) stisfes those coartnate prs He tbe, ‘The table above shows some coordinate pairs on the graph of g(x). Which of the following could be 9G)? (A) @? + Gx +2) (8) (= 1)@x-3) © @+DG+3) @) (e+ D&— 3) © P@+3)Which of the following expresses the range of the function g(x) = 22-2 A Ory =-5} (8) Ory #10} © wry 40 (0) Ory 20} (©) (:y = All real numbers} 28. If f(x) = 2x~ 3, and if g(f(x)) = x, then g(x) 29, fx) = 2x? ~ 3x5 then f(-2) is equal to (ays (@B)-8 @e9 0-9 @u Medium 30. Which of the following cefines the range of the function (x) (A) All real numbers @B) All real numbers except —1 (C) All weal numbers except 0 (D) Allzeal numbers except 1 (B) All eal numbers greater than —1 BL IEF) =x? ~ 2 +1 then f(x +a) ~ FO) = (A) at 2042 (B) 0? + 2ax +20 (a@42rea () a? ~ 204 2ax (©) @-arta Ansar (C) _yibot zero since 10 Oa x 5, Ansier:(C) os) = 9 = p= Ansr:(O) 2)= 4-2)? = 9(-2)-8=9 Anse (8) Ni Ly = Lis the horizontal asymptese of POD. FG) Fk Anse: (0} podex 2064 fr+4)-f0) (eto)? ~ 204 0) + 1- (22x41) = 2ax ~2a-+at32, 36. What is the domain of the function defined by af x<2 1-(ees Se (ocx (B)x<2 (x22 (D) -20 (&) All real numbers IE f(a) = 27, then S2tbere=t (A) 2 ©) 2h (© 2h (©) « (B) he Hf f(x) = VE and g(x) = FegQaoy) =? (A) 3.01 (B) 2123 (© 1.07 (D) 0.378 (B) 0.012 fF ~1, then Asie: (8) > x=10 Seis 10041041 =tit Answer (CP VBE 20, =620, wea xe bors <3 ¥> Lor es 178 xe Oand x? >0, therefore y>0 Ansar (A) Ansaer (D) at) =Ni-1 Ag0)) = (0.054) = YOOSE = aaaa 42, 44 For which of the following functions has (have) an inverse function? L fe) = 27 npa@sxt Tf) = be (A) Ionly (8) Honly (©) Land Il only (D) Mand Ml only (© LiL and tt If f(a,b) we ‘The line ax + by — 1 0 forms a triangular region with the sas and y-axis, What isthe area ofthe region in terms of and b? Oa Os oF ©) © a maa W f(a) = 2x-1 and f(g(A)) = 3, which of the following functions could be g(x)? (ret (B) 2x41 (©) x= 1 () = 1 © 3-2 Answer: Bb Only (2) = 28s wot sgmetry toy axis, Therefor, f(a) = 23 Hinson inverse function Ansiver: (A) Answer (6) Anse: (A) FQ) 2A9())—1=3 a =2 ‘Oniy (A) suis (2) = 245, 46. ay. 48. ‘To draw the graph of the inverse of a function f(x), ‘one must mirror the graph of f(x) about the (A) axis (8) y-axis © liney = =x (0) liney =x (6) fines y andy He g(x) = 5x Sand g(F(®)) (A)-? (82 (2 (D)=5 (5 If(~3,y) isa point on the graph ofthe inverse of f(x) = 2x8 + 5x3 + 6x 410, then y =? (a)-426 ()-3 (=r (OB (6) 426 Ifthe zeros of f(x) are 0, 1, and 2, then the zeros of fox?) axe (A)0,1,and2 (8) £1.44, and 0 (tdyando (DyL, v2, ando +! Ie f(x) = VIGAT and gO) F(g(-9)) = (ay7s7 (8659 (3 (O41 ©-8 Answer (D) uneson ants ners fnetion are symmetry toiney = Ans (8 al) 5-2 1-9 S/(-2)-3=-2 243 Auster: B) IFC, yh iso te ners of Fe, hen 4 point on FC) is 2,3). Therefore y = Answer) Asie (8) oat 1Q) = ViGXP=3 = VE = 78750, 51 53, Ie (@) = (&~ 1)(4? ++ 1) , which of the following statements is (are) true? 1. The function f(x) is increasing for x 2 1. IL The function f(x) = O has three real solutions, IIL The domain of the function f(x) is all real numbers. (A) Lonly (B) Honly (© Land I only (D) Mand Ut only (©) 11, and It Which of the following is an even function? (A) F(X) = sin@) (©) F@) = ean) (©) fe) =e* (D) f(@) =2x4-3 (E) f(x) = log(x) I f(a) = VA=¥? and x < 0, what is the inverse of fo (A) FG) = var ®) f-1@) = VITF and x <0 (©) (7G) = VASE and x so (D) 1G) = VSR and x 20 (©) f@) = VER? and x20 IE F(X) = loga(2? + 7) and f(g(1)) = 4, which of the following could be g(x)? (A) g@) =x? bet? (B) g(%) = 2x? x= 1 © g(x) =cos(nx) +4 (D) g(x) = sin(rx) +2 ©) a= 3-1 Answer: (©) Ww The graphs showing te function f(x) 18 increasing for x 1 and the domain of ‘the fanction fis al real mune Ansver:(D) (0a fencton: sin(x), rant) Eon fection: 2 Neither:e, log() Anse: (2) y=Vi==, yao yesanxt soy JAR FFsince #0 ‘Tofinad the inverse function, sete and ye VI=# + x20 Answer: (C) 4 = lon, +7) weH 7228216 w=9 3 aC) = 43 cost) + 4=3 = Answer (©)54, Which of the following is teue of the graph of the function ysin(x) = x? + cos(x) (A) Even function (B) Odd function (© Symmetric with respect to vaxis (D) Symmetric with respect to y-axis, (B) Symmetric with respect to y = x 55. Which of the following is the domain of (x) = (A) All real numbers except 3 (B) All real numbers except greater than or equal to3 (©) Allreat numbers greater than or equal to 2 except (D) All real numbers greater than or equal to 2 (B) Ali real numbers 56. Te f(x) = 25+ 7, what is the range of the function? (a) Ailreal numbers but not 7 (B) All real numbers but not 2 (© All real numbers greater than 2 {D) All real numbers except 7 and 2 (8) All real numbers 8. if g(x) (a2 @yr (-1 D)-2 @o 5B. Lf f(x) = VEeFF and g(x) (ayass (B)332 37 (D409 (476 then fa(2)) Ansa (8) and VPEZ EO x22 Asie {A ready tO theme #7 Arey Asien: (D) Byt=xnt reap 41 w'G) 23044 PCD aC er =-2 Answer: (8) aaa JROVFS = Vit = 33259. I f(x) = 432-422, then 2A (A) k? + 2xk —3k (B) kx+2x~3 (© k-2x43 (0) k+2x-3 ©) None of the above 60. 1 f(2) = x4 and g(x) = 2% +1, which of the following is an odd function (are odd functions)? 1 f@)-9() IL f@@) IL. gf) (A) Tonly (B) only © Mlonly (D) Mand It only (©) 1/11, and mt 61, Which of the following equations has (have) graphs consisting of two perpendicular lines? Ly Heyl = lel UL. jxy| = 1 (A) Tonly (B) Honly © Wonly (D) Land Tonty (6) LU, and Itt 62. IE f(xy) = x? ~ 2y? and (x) = 2" , which of the following is equal to 2°"? (A)F@@).a@) 8) Fz, 90)) ()f@).2) (D)F(g(),0) ©) £@,9@)) Answer: D) Ante: (A) £03) g(a) =P +1) > ot Junction (gC) = G2 +1) - coon fiction a(f(2)) = (8 + 1) even fiction Ansiver: (D) sy=0 +2 =00ry=0 (tuo perponiculr ines) yi= bal y=xory perpendicular tines) lyl=1 y= af (too Anssers (2) SoC). g(2)) = 2 Feag(a)) = 8 ~ 2 Fig@)a) = B28 Feata).0) = 2 4#(0.g(0) = 0 = 2025) = 263, 66. 67 HF) of fog? (Ayr > Lae 2 (B)xzhxe2 (Qx>2 (O)x22 (xe ; and g(x) = VE=T, find the domain If fd = x? ~ 4, for what real number values of x will F(F(@)) = 07 (A) 2or4 (®) #2orz4 (©) 20r6 (D) + Vor + V6 (B) No value of x LF F(x) isan ould function and f(a) = b, which of the following must also be true? L fla) = —b ML f(a) => ML F(-a) (A) Lonly, (B) only (©) only (D) Land Il only ©) Wand Il only Uf) = V3, g(x) = WEF Land ale) = FT, then F¢g(h(3))) =? (A) 9 B)3 (©) 236 () 177 (B) 056 If/Ge+ 1) = x?~1, then f(x) =? (Aye? = 2x41 (Bet 42x41 (xt 2x (D)xt +2x (ent Ansive: (A) feos Vesa 1 +0 Weriel > ren x-L20s0¥21 Bats tt Therefore.x > Land x-# 2 Anse: (D) Let f =a fle)=at~ a= 42 Puasa xs avdor v8 Answer: (C) 1 Fs aot, then (2) = =F). Oni és core. Answer (C) A) = VFI = 230 Vet T = 195 Ansa (© Fotdax 7) = (w+) t= 0-1 Se atet tla te68. A function f(x) is odd if f(—x) = -f (2) for all x and even if f(x) = f(x) forall x. Which of the following is the graph of a function that is both odd and even? a) © q ' \ — : t ©) ® 69. IE f(x) = VaF=6, what is f-1G)? (a2 (B)27 (32 (ys (43 Hard 70. 16 f(x) = 53 and f(g(x)) = 5 then which of the following could be g(x)? © G+DE+2) Os 71. ‘The function of f(2) = is defined for (xl xis real number and x > 4). Which of the following expressions is the inverse of f(x)? @art es (set Oxy (B) None of the above Answer: (C) if function is symmetry to bot x-axis and y-axis, then ths factions both een and ode functions. Anserer is (C) Answer: (C) fa) = V=B PG) = VERS f9G) = VFS =32 Answer (8) Flos) = SE foc) —nix= ga) +2 (2) xx x= 08) +2 BQ) 1)= 24x 2) = Answer: (©) edenR. a 7. ef Ge) =x 41, g(x) = sin(x) +1, and he) = cos(x), then which of the following, is an even function? (AYRE )) (B) AG) (9Hx) DFO) Bro) 1 f(2) = ax + 8, which of the foliowing make(s) £0) = ON 1 b= any real number Ia=-1b=0 UL, a =any weal number, (A) Tonly {B) Honly (©) Monly (0) Land t1 only () Land tH only Point (5,2) lies on the graph of the inverse function of fand f(x) = 3x? ~ 2 + K. What is the value of K? (A) -20 (®) ~18 Ow (©) 2 © 2 Ie fGe) = VEFS and g(x) = 22, for what value(s) of xdoes g(f(x)) = f(g@))? (al (B)~2and 2 ©@-2 (D2 (B) All eal numbers except ~5 Anse (Cb ACF) = costa + 1) ther odor ‘(G(2) = eossintx) +1} nether a(x) = sin eos(3)) + Levon Fistion a (3) = singe +1) + 1 neither #a6s)) = since +2 miter ‘Anssets) 10) =/7) ath Ya=—tivsb= 24d ant arco b=O.ax=5 (mie onlysoien a= 1) 8 isneurre Ansiver:(D) f0) =309 24K Mx) passes the point 2,5) 5-303 20 4k K=20 Ansaoo2 (©) HF) = Fae) (FF8) = EE Tas (+5 = (ETS 4 1dr + 252745 re-2%6. For all real numbers x,f(2x) = x? - x +3.An expression for /(x) in terms of xis (A) 222 = 2043 (8) 4t@—2e 43 (E-i+3 (D) £-24+3 ©) 2-243 If f(@) = 2x1, (x) = 4x, and he) = F*(g(n@))) =? (A) 3 2 ©1 ) 5 os If f(x) = 2x? + 8x = 13, find the negative value of Fo) (a) =1.24 (B) -1.57 (C) -3.85 (D) 5.24 (E) -6.67 If f(x,y) = 22 then which ofthe following statements must be true? 1.IEx = 0 and y #0, then f(y) If = 4, then f(x,x) = ML Fy) = FO.) (A) Tonly (8) Wonly (© Land I only {D) Land Ml only (©) Hand tt Answer: (©) Anse: (C) Bind $209 first. fo) =2x-1 yeunt yet sett Answer: (D) 2x 8x13 =0 Sole with the quadratic formu: = ee ear 524 Ansiver:(C}80, Which ofthe Following statements is true tout the expression (+ +9)® = (= y)P? 1 thas terms if is even, IL tehas "= terms if is odd, Us The let term eshivays 9. A) Lonly (8) Monly (©) and tLonly (©) Land ll only ®) Mand It only DOW Kelyrelts=yh Ansver: (C) ety)" = Son i Gy ey = Tina CY ty" — Oe YP" will crmioel ont all shes pera. Yugo, ae ses ieee as "2 ers fn aut “The ast erm can be y""* if wis aneven ber,