I, COMPLEX NUMBERS: A complex number is a number of the form a + bi, where @ and are real numbers and iis the imaginary unit, iav=T Bee i ed When two complex numbers are equal, their real parts are equal and their imaginary partsare also equal. For example, if a + bi = ¢ + dé, it must be rue that a= cand b=d. Example: 31+ yi = 2x +243: Bx=2rt2>x=2 yl=3to y= The expressionsa + bi and @- bi are called complex conjugates. Multiplying a complex number by its complex conjugate will give you a real number. {a ¥ bi) x (a—bi) = a? +b? Example: (3 + 4i) x @~ 41) = 3? 44? = 25 Rationalizing the Complex Number We can rationalize a fraction involving a complex number, such as 7-7, by making the denominator a teal number. Complex conjugates are used to simplify the fraction when the denominator is a complex number. At eet Ta Teal Teal waae Example: Operations on Complex Numbers Let = a+ biand z, = ¢ + di. Then, atm =(ate) +(b+d)i 4 ~ m= (a~e)+(b-a)i 2% = (a+ bi) x (c+ di) = (ac ~ bd) + (ad + bo)L Ay Lath abi | coll _ cotta , bonne eral cra eral” chad * chat where z, #0 Exainple: If x = 3 ~ 2i, whatis the value of 22? 2? = (3 = 2i)(3 ~ 2i) = 3? ~ 2? ~ 61 61 12kExample: Write 4+ asa standard form complex number. Example: Find (1 + £8. (14+)? =1-142i= 26 a+d%= [a+o7 (2i* Powers of i have a repeating pattern: JI it si s jmte oy > iM st t=. aimed Example: 29% + (2019 4 1205 790503) pasos) 786503) {2012 4 j2013 4 2088 Complex numbers can be represented in a two-dimensional complex plane where the horizontal axis is real component and the vertical axis is the imaginary component. In the following figure, the complex number a + bi can be identified with the point (a, 6) in the complex plane. Imaginary Axis Real Axis a The Complex Plane ‘The magnitude of a + bi, denoted by |a + bi|, is equal to Va" FB, Exanpple: Whatis 4 + 3i| ? 44 ai] = VP FR = V5 =5Problem Solving Skills Pasy 1. Whatis the magnitude of 4 4 (aa (B) 5 Oo (D)7 @8 i? 2. Which of the following is the expression <2 equivalent to? peti west 3. Which of the following represents the multiplicative inverse of the complex tiumber 1 ~ £? (A) et (B) Ti ii On (wyst (isi ifi = V=T and a is a positive integer, which of the following statements is FALSE? (A) he B) em =1 (© esi (D) er a1 (Be et 5. Whatis the value of [4 ~ 3? (Ay 5 (B) V2 (©) 25 (D) 4-3: () 44306 The value of (3 — V=4-+ (5 - 2V=5)) =? @) 8 8 (©) 8-8 (D) 8+3i ® -8+8i Medium 7 Si + Gi? +70 + 804 =? (a-2 (B)4i (C)2 +21 (D)=4i (@)-2 +21 8. FI i + = (at (B) i ©o (D) + (®) ~1 9. Inq + bi form, the reeiprecal of 2 + 5i is A 3-3! (B) -2+hi cg+ie ©) e-H4 © st3 10. Byaluate (2v3 + 2i)°. (A) 2 ~ 64 B) 248 (C) 2+ 641 (D) -647 (B) 646TL tta~ bi which of the following is true? (A) a= Land 6 = 3 (B) a= sand 4 =t (©) a=Sendb =4 (©) o=fando 1S. Tf fx) = 4x3 = 3x? 42 (Ay 2 (B) -2 (C) ~2¢ (D) 2i (© 6i 3 then f= 14, What is the value of (1 -0)*? (A) 16 (B) -16 © 16: (D) 16: @ 6 15. 63 ~ Qi isa rootof 2x* + ax + b= 0, thenb =? (A) 10 (B) -10 © % (D) -26 (B) Eecannut be determined.16. Ifx=i—1, then 3x? 4x41 (a) -5i (B) Si (5+ (D) -5 +i (©) 121 Hard 17. 3xi +21 = 61+ 403 +5y In the equation above, x and y are real numbers and i = V=T. Which of the following ordered pair could be the solution for the equation? 2 a) 2, -3 2 10 B®) > p-) 10 OG) 2°10 (©) (-2, 8 (E) 2,10) 18, [fx = 2i is asolution to the equation 2° + kx = 0, what is the value of k? (Ay2 (B) ~2 O4 @) -4 &) 8