IIL LINEAR FUNCTIONS To find the distance between two points (x94) and (x, 2), use the distance formula d= (GK F GF To find the distance from a point (%q,6) toaline, ax + by + = 0 laxosbyote! To find the slope of two points (x,,y4) and (x.¥2) Slope-intercept form yemr+d where mrs the slope and bis the yintercept ‘The equation of a line passing through the point (x9) with a slope of mis Y= = M(x — x1) (Point-stope form) ‘Two lines are perpendicular if their slopes are opposite and reciprocal. ‘Two different lines are parallel if their slopes ere equal Problem Solving Skills Easy 1. Points M and NV lie in the coordinate plane. Ifthe coordinates of Mare (4,3) and N are (5,2), what {s the distance between point M and point N? (asd (B)92 (103 (137 196 2. What isthe slope of a line perpendicular to the line whose equation is (A) Be © ye ©6 A tool rental club offers the use ofits tools far a fee. Plan A costs $6 to join the club andi then $9 per hour to.ase the tools, Plan B costs $25 to join and then $4 per hour to use the tools. Find the least number of hours of using would the cost of plan A be more than the cost of plan B? (ay3 4 os (6 ®7 If the graph of 2 + Sy + 11 = 0 is perpendicular to the graph of ax + 4y48=0, then whats the value ofa? (ayto (Bs (10 (0)-5 ®-2 The slope ofa line that is perpendicular to Se + Byes ti ot B)-) (-2 De ®: ‘There isa linear relationship between the number of chirps made by a cricket and the air temperature. A least-squares fit of cata collected by a biologist yields the equation Estimated fempernture in °F = 22.8 +34 x (the number of chirps per minute). Whats the estimated increase in temperature that corresponds to an increase of 5 chirps per minute? (A) 34°F(8) 170° © ner (0) 26.2°F (©) 398°F 7. What is the equation of a line with a y-intercept of 4 and an x-intercept of -8? (Aly = 05x -4 (@)y Oy @y )y ‘Medium 8. What must be the value of kif the lines 3x — 2y = 8 and kx-+ Sy = ~3 are perpendicular? we Bs o- {(D)~ @®10 9. Line Ly has the equation 3x ~ 2y = 8. If line Leis perpendicular to line Lr at x = —1, at which point does line I> intersect the x-axis?10. w If (4) is the pointon the line 3-4 2y = 5 that ie closest to the origin, then what is the value of? We OF ord OF Oz 1f f(2) isa linear function and f(~3) = 9,603) = ~4, and f(x) = 2.6, what is the value of x? (as (B15 ©1 (D)-05 (© ~0.05 If f(e) is a linear function and /(3) = 2 and f(5) = =1, then f(x) =? (aj-3e 65x — Sky = 4 and 4x + 3ky = 6are perpendicular lines, what is one possible value of ke (ay20 (8537 (ar4. 43.3 aso) Inthe figure above, if AABC is equilateral, what is the slope of BC ? (a)L.732 (B)1aid (Q-1732 (1444 © 5 j an a" The graph of y = /(4) is shown above, Which ofthe following is the equation of the graph? (A) y = bl $2 (B) y = |x +2) +2 (©) y = -lx# 2142 (D) y = -Ie- 242 ® y = -ix-2)-2 16, Inthe figure below, what is the value of a? ®; ©; DE OrsU7. Which of the following is an equation of a line that is perpendicular to 4x + Sy = 8? {A)Sx~4y = 10 (B) 5x4 4y ()4x-sy Dax + 5y ~8 ©. 18, IF the line through (3,—2) and (a, 5) is perpendicular to the line with equation 3x 5y = 6, what is the value of a? (A)=1.2 (10 ()-06 (D6 2 In the figure above, @equals we os OF (Dy oF Hard 29. Which of the following, graphs best describes the set of points (a,b) for which |£[ + jb{ = 2 in the xy ~plane? (A) @) ©a. t In the figure above, line Lis the perpendicular bisector of AB at the point C. What is the area of AACD? (A975 13 (165 (ws ©)% 22. How faris the point (-3, 2) from the line 6x — 2y = a (ayo (B)1.33, (ara (07.18 (921TV. QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS AND EQUATIONS F (9) is a quadratic function if f(x) = ax? + bx be where a # 0. Ge Ifa > 0, the quadratic function f(x) opens upwards and has a minimum value at the vertex. Ifa < 0, F(x) opens dewnwardsand has a maximum value at the vertex. © The vertex of the quadratic function. Every quadratic equation can be changed to ax? + bx +c = 0 as the standard. form, which can be solved by completing the perfect square. © Tocomplete the perfect square, rewrite the equation as, xtgtze—£ ‘Then, add (2)%0n both sides so that it becomes x? +22 + (By = ~£4 By, hereon, e+ 2) Solving a Quadratic Equation by Factoring xia 3rb2 O-DEH2 x=lor2 Solving a Quadratic Equation by Completing the Squate xitde—S xara Pa5ee (Han x+2=43 ox =1or-5 Solving a Quadratic Equation by Quadratic Formula x xt - 7x 43-=0 FOS, ‘The discriminant of the quadratic equation ax? + bx + c = 0 is expressed as A= 68 ~ 4ac. [a Tipe of Roos | Graph of Fd @> 0 | Two mequal real rootsa>0 Teo equal reat roots a>0 No real root Two non-real complex roots aOandA<0, then ax? + bx+e<0. Ifa 0. Easy 1. TEfG) (A)—2 (B) -1 Qo (Dt 2 ? — ax 3, and if f(2 Problem Solving Skills 5, then a‘At what points the graph of y =x? + 24 ~ cuts the x-axis? (AY(~2, 0) and (0,0) (B)(0,0)and @ 0) (O@ Mand (-4,0) (D)(A, 0) and (2, 0) (8,0) and 2,0) If f(x) = 27 + x, find the value(s) of & when f(K) = 6 (Ay2 or (8)-201 (Q-20r3 (Dy2or3 (E)3 only If.x-# = 121, then x could equal (a) #1 258 © 411 Oey ou Ifx~ 2 is a factor of x# — ax — 8, then the velue of a equals (a2 ws @-4 (D)~2 (E) None of the above What is the sum ofthe zeroes of (x) = 9x? ~ 7? (ay529 (8) 176 (C088 (Do (8) Iteannot be determined.For what values of f are the roots of the equation kx? + dae + ke = 0 two real and unequal? (A) 0 2 (OD) k>2 ©) 2 0 (B)abe <0 (Qac0 Find the largest integer of k such that the roots of 2x? 43x +k =O are real? (a2 @) -1 ©2 1 01s. 16, V7. 18, When the ratio of the two roots of the equation 2? — bx +8 = 0is 1:2, find all the possible values of b. (A) {2,3} (8) (3,6) © (2,2) @) (6,6) ©) {8,6} ‘The roots of 2x? + kx +1 =O are r ands, where k isa constant If 2, what is the value of k? (aya @B) 10 (@ -12 (D) -10 (5 24 If the quadratic equation x? + 2kx +k? +k ~ has real roots, then which of the following could NOT be the value of K? (A) 5 (B) 1 oo () ~s © -10 In the quadratic equation x? + kx + 36 = 0, one root is twice the other root, Fine any possible value of k. (a) (-2137,2137) ©) (-1273,1273) (© {-10.73, 10.73} (©) (0,10) ) (837,937)19, If the two solutions of Sx? — Lx +6 = 0 are complex conjugates, which of the following (Aye wero” Hard 20. the vertex ofthe graph of the parabola 2x? + for + yrpevis(s (A)1.33 (6/239 (335 (0)-105 @)-133 ®), what is the sum of k andj? If the points (~1, 1), (1,8), and (2,2) are all on the graph of (2) = ax? + bx + ¢, thon what are the valutes of a,b and c respectively? (A)~3.2,and = 2 (B)-2.4,and 1 (C)3,2,and-1 (D)24,and 3 (E) ~2,3,and 4 If the value of f(x) = x* ~ Sx ~ 2k is always pesitive for any x, which of the following could be the value of k? (A) -2 8) -3 O-4 3 224, What isthe range of the quadratic functior f(x) = x7— 10x +237 (A) v2 2 (B) ys? (x25 (D) x55 (B) Allreal numbers If the graph of the equation f(x) = 6x? — Sx +cis tangent to the x-axis, then the value of cis (ay -3 (6) -= ©3 (D2 Oz