Kalyani Govt.

Engineering College

Department of Electrical Engineering

Basic Electrical Engineering

Presented by
Dr. Tapan Santra
 Concept of current
• Charge is a electrical property of atomic
particles of which matter consists. UNIT
COULOMBS (C)
• Electric Current is the rate of change of charge
with time. UNIT AM
 DC and AC

direct current (dc) Alternating current (ac)

no change with time changes with time
 Voltage power Energy
• Voltage is the energy required to move a unit
charge through an element UNIT VOLT (V)
• Power is the time rate of expending or
absorbing. UNIT WATT (W)
• Energy is the capacity to do work. INIT JOULE
(J)
H1
q H1  H2
q
H2 RW

Water flow
V1 V2
i
V1 V2
i
12 V 6V R

Current flow
Problem-1
Problem-2
Problem-3
 Linear and nonlinear element

• Resistor , inductor, capacitor are linear

element
• Diode, Triode, IGBT are nonlinear element
 Concept of alternating signal
• A sinusoid is a signal that has the form of sine
or cosine function.
• A alternating current (ac) or voltage usually
are of sinusoidal form.
t V
0 0
 /2 Vm
 0
3 / 2 Vm
2 0

V (t )  Vm sin(t )
Parameters of alternating signal

• Periodic signal as

• Time period (s)

• Frequency (Hz) Angular freq.

Concept of leading and lagging signal
v1  10sin(t )

v2  15sin(t  )
2

v3  5sin(t  )
2

 
• v2 Leading v1 by 2
v
and 3 lagging 1 by
v
2
 Concept of Phasor

• A Phasor is a complex number that represents

the amplitude and phase of a sinusoid.
• The idea of Phasor is based on the Euler’s
identity e j  cos  j sin 
v  Vm cos(t   )  Re(Vm e j (t  ) )  Re(Vm e j e jt )  Re(ve jt )

v  Vm e j  Vm 
 Phasor generating a sinusoid

• Sinor of ve jt rotating in counter clockwise

• Projection of ve jt on real axis as a function of
time.
 Way of representing a Phasor

• Represent the sinusoid in cosine form so that

sinusoid can be written as the real part of the
complex number
• Take out the time factor e jt
Phasor diagram
Problem-1
Problem-2
Phasor of a resistor
Phasor of inductor
Phasor in capacitor
v  Vm cos(t   )

i  VmC cos(t    90o )

 What is transformer?
• A transformer is a static device which transfer
electric energy from one circuit to another with
same frequency using electro magnetic induction. It
can step up or step down the voltage from one
circuit to another circuit.