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Applicable Loadings

Stresses are created due to Loadings or forces.

Type of Loading

1. Normal Loads:

These loadings are applicable for long duration and continuous.


a. Internal pressure
b. External Pressure
c. Fluid Inside equipment
d. Internals
e. Loading due to attached piping
f. Loading due to attached supports.
g. Thermal loads

2. Occasional Loads:

These loadings are applicable for short duration and variable.


a. Wind load.
b. Seismic load.
c. Snow load.
d. Shop hydro-test
e. Field hydro-test.
f. Erection
g. Emergency
h. Start-up & shut down

Categories of Loading

1. General Loads:
These loads are applied continuous across a vessel section

a) Pressure loads:
• Internal pressure
• External pressure

In Design, Operating, Hydro test and hydrostatic head of liquid

b) Moment loads:
• Wind Load
• Seismic Load
• Erection
• Transportation

c) Compressive / tensile loads:


• Dead weight
• Installed equipment
• Ladders, Platforms
• Piping attachment
• Vessel Contents

2. Local Loads
These loads are due to reactions from supports, internals, attached platform, attached piping, and
attached equipment.

a. Radial load – Inward or outward


b. Shear load – Longitudinal or circumferential
c. Torsional load
d. Moment load - Longitudinal or circumferential
e. Thermal load

Source: PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN MANUAL – By Dennis R. Moss Michael Basic

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