Republic of the Philippines

Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School

of Poblacion, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, Inc.
Senior High School Department

Chapter 3
Research Methodology
This chapter presents the research method used, the subjects
or respondents, the sample and sampling procedure, the data
gathering procedures, the instrument, and the statistical
treatment used.

Research Method
This research adopted the descriptive research method which,
According to Nassajji (2015), is the method to describe a
phenomenon and its characteristics. In fact, through the
descriptive research method, observations and measurements can be
made without changing any variables. The descriptive research
method effectively spots traits, patterns, and connections.

Since the study was concerned with identifying any social

division that may or may not exist and how this stigma can affect
the senior high school students of Saint John Nepomucene
Parochial School, the researchers deemed the descriptive research
method to be the most appropriate method to use.

Sample and Sampling Procedure

The study’s participants are selected senior high school
students of Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School who belong to
different academic strands and have been subjected to or have
observed the inequality among the strands. The researchers
selected participants as responses to identify whether there is a
social division between the senior high school students from
various strands in Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School.

Research Locale
This study was conducted at the Saint John Nepomucene
Parochial School. The campus is located in Poblacion, Cabiao,
province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. 

The Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School is the only

Catholic school in Cabiao and is part of the K-12 curriculum. It
is also part of the La Virgen Divina Pastora Cluster. And as
early as 1988, Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School offered
quality education for Nursery and Kindergarten classes. 

At present, the Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School

provides quality education to Pre-elementary, Elementary, High
School, and Senior High School and offers three academic tracks,
namely: ABM (Accountancy, Business Management), GAS (General
 Republic of the Philippines
Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School
of Poblacion, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, Inc.
Senior High School Department

Academic Strand), and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics).

Figure 2
Vicinity Map of Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School

Respondents of the Study

The selected respondents to be studied include a total of
one hundred (100), ninety-three (93) senior high school students
from various strands, and seven (7) faculty members of Saint John
Nepomucene Parochial School, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.

The respondents were stratified based on their strand, level, and

occupation. A sample of 40 % was taken from every stratum.

Table 1
 Republic of the Philippines
Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School
of Poblacion, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, Inc.
Senior High School Department

Distribution of the Group of Respondents

Group of Respondents Male Female Total

STEM 11 & 12 16 21 37

GAS 11 & 12 20 11 31

ABM 11 & 12 15 10 25

FACULTY MEMBERS 3 4 7

TOTAL 54 46 100

    The respondents from STEM 11 & 12 students had the highest

number of respondents with a total of 37 respondents, while the
faculty members got the lowest with a total of 7 respondents. The
respondents favored the males consisting of 54 males and only 36
females. However, STEM 11 & 12 and the faculty members were
dominated by females.

Construction and Validation of instruments 

A questionnaire was used in data gathering to determine the
perceptions of the respondents about the social division among
the strands of the senior high school student of Saint John
Nepomucene Parochial School. A questionnaire is a list of
questions or items used to gather data from respondents about
their attitudes, experiences, or opinions. Questionnaires can be
used to collect quantitative and/or qualitative information.
Bhandari (2021).

After studying samples of questionnaires from related

studies, the researchers prepared their own. They verified that
there were enough items to gather information on all aspects of
the issue and address each of the detailed questions listed in
the statement of the problem. Then, they consulted their research
adviser for comments and suggestions, which will be noted and
incorporated into the revision of the instrument.
Once the questionnaire was complete, it was evaluated through a
dry run. A copy of the questionnaire was given to the senior high
school principal. And since there was no suggestion, the
researchers proceeded to data gathering.

Research Instrument
 Republic of the Philippines
Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School
of Poblacion, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, Inc.
Senior High School Department

    The questionnaire was used as the research instrument to

collect data. 
      Survey respondents used the 4-point Likert scale in the
questionnaire to evaluate the provided items. The researchers
used the questionnaire method to the selected group of teachers
of senior high school and students. The questionnaire focused on
(1) the respondents' demographics; and (2) questions about the
social division between the strand. (3) question the effects of
social division on students' relationships. (4) question the
teacher's perception of social division on strands. (5) question
of strand perception individually on social division within the
school.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers obtained approval from the School Director
and Principal of the senior high school department of Saint John
Nepomucene Parochial School in Poblacion, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija to
use selected senior high school students as survey respondents in
their study.

The questionnaire was distributed to the target respondents,

and it was immediately retrieved once they were completed. 

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data that the researchers had gathered had been treated
statistically with the use of IBM SPSS (Statistics Software). 

Frequency count and percentage were used to describe the profile

of the respondents.

Weighted Mean was used to describe the perception of the

respondents regarding the functions of code-switching in
classroom discussion. 

Below is the Likert scale to be used: 

 Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation
  3.40 – 4.00         Strongly Agree
  2.60 – 3.39 Agree
  1.80 – 2.59 Disagree
  1.00 – 1.79 Strongly Disagree

Pearson R or product-moment correlation coefficient was used to

determine the correlation or relationship between two variables. 
    Also, the researchers used the range of values for the
correlation to interpret the degree of strength of the linear
relationship. 
 Republic of the Philippines
Saint John Nepomucene Parochial School
of Poblacion, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, Inc.
Senior High School Department

Coefficient Interpretation
Correlation
+0.00 - +0.20 
Slight correlation, Almost negligible relationship
+0.21 - +0.40 
Slightly high correlation, a definite but small relationship
+0.41 - +0.60 
Moderate correlation, substantial relationship
+0.61 - +0.80 
High correlation, marked relationship
+0.81 - +1.00 
Very high correlation, very dependable relationship