2-4 MINIMUM DES IGN LOADS

permitted in allowable stresses for all combinations, SECTION 204 - DEAD LOADS
includ ing W or E ,

D + L +I., (203-12)
IJ + L +W (203- 13)
Dead loads consist of the weight of a ll materials and fixed
D + I. + - " '"
1,4
(203-14) equipment incorpor ated into the building or other structure,
including but not limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings,
stairways, built-in partitions. finishes, cladding and other
EXCEPTIONS, similarly incorporated architectural a nd structural items,
and fixed service equipment, including the weight of
Crane hook toad s need nol he combined with roof live loud cranes.
or with more than one half(if the wind load.

203.4.3 Olhu load s. Where l-, H . P or T arc to be 204.1 W EIGHTS OF ~IATERIALS AI'D
considered in design, each applicable load sha ll be added 10 COl'O ST R UCTIO I'
the co mbinations specified in Sections 203 4 .1 and 203.4.2.
When using the alternate load co mbinations specified in The actual weights of materials and constructions shall be
Sectio n 203.4 .2, a one-third increase shall be permitted in used in determi ning dead loads fo r purposes of design. In
allowable stresses for all combinations including W or ,~. the absence of definite informatio n, it shall be permitted 10
use the minimum values in Tables 204- 1 and 204-2.

203.5 SPECIAL SEISM IC LOAD

COMBINATIONS

For both Allowable Stress Design and Strength Design, the

following special load co mbinations for seismic design
shall he used as spccitic ally required by Section 208, or by
Chapters 3 through 7.

1,2 J) + it I. + 1.0 1':", (203- 17)

O. 9 /J ± I 0 I~'", (20J -18)

W hel"c:

fi = 1,0 for floors in places of public assembly. for live

loads in excess of 4,8 kpa, and for garage live
load.
= 0.5 for other live loads.

A ss oc iat io n of Structura l En g ineers of t he Ph ilippines

 DEAD LOADS
2-5

TABLE 204-1 Minimum Densities fo r Design Loads from Mat erials (kNlm3 )

Aluminum 26 7 E ARTII (not submerged) Masonry grout 22 .0

Clay, dry . 9.9
BITUMINOUS PROOUcrS Clay, dam p . 17.3 MASONRY , RUB BLE STONE
Asphaltum . 12.7 Clay and grave l, dry 15,7 Granite _._ 24 ,0
Graphite 21.2 Silt, moist. loose . 12.3 L imestone. crystalline 23 .1
Paraffin 88 Silt, mo ist, packe d 15. 1 Limestone, oo litic "". ". 2 1 7
Petroleum, crude 86 Silt, flow ing ... 17.0 M arble ,,,. 24.5
Petroleum, refined 7.9 Sand and g ravel, dry, loo se 15.7 Sa ndst one 21 5
Petroleum. benzine 7.2 Sand and gravel. dry. pac ked . 17.3 Morta r, cement or lime 20.4
Petroleum, gasol ine 6.6 Sand and gr avel, wet . 18.9
Pitch . 10.8 Parti cleboard . 7.1
Tar . 11.8 EARTH (submerged) Plywood . 5.7
Clay .... . . 12.6
Brass . . 82 6 So il . 11.0 RlPRAP (no t subm erged )
Bronze . 86 .7 Rive r mud . 14 . 1 Limest one 13.0
Cast-stone masonry (ce ment, Sand or gr avel _.__._ . 9.4 Sandsto ne 14.1
stone, sand) . 22.6 Sand o r gravel and clay 102
Cement, portland, loose 14.1 SAA D
Ceramic tile 23,6 Glass 25. 1 Clean and dry 14 . 1
Charcoal 1.9 Gravel, dry 16.3 R iver, dry 16,7
Cinder fill 9.0 Gy psum, loose .." .... 1\. 0
Cinders, dry, in bulk 7.1 Gy psum, wallboard 7.9 SLAG
I" 9.0 Bank . 11.0
COAL Bank scree nings 17.0
Anthracite, piled 8.2 IR ON Mac hine 15. 1
Bituminous, piled 7.4 Cast _ 70 .7 Sand _ 8.2
Lignite, piled ..... 7.4 Wrou ght _ 75 .4
Peat, dry, piled 36 Slate .. 27.0
Lead 111.5 Stee l. cold-drawn 77.3
CONCRETE, PLAIN
Cinder 17.0 LLME STONE, Q UARRIED. PI LE D
Exparded-slag aggregate .; 15.7 Hydrated , loo se 5.0 Basalt, granite . gneiss 15.1
Haydite (burned-day Hydrated , co mpacted 7. 1 Limes tone. marb le, quart z 14 .9
aggregate) 14.1 Sandstone 12 ,9
Slag . 20,7 MA SONRY, ASHLA R STO NE Shale 14.5
Stone. 22,6 Granite ....."". " .. 25 .9 Gree nstone, horn blende 16.8
Vermiculite and perlite Lime stone, cryst alline 25 .9
aggregate, nonload- Limeston e, oolit ic 2 1.2 T ERRA corrA, Architectural
bearing _.. ..... 3_9-7.9 Marble 27 .2 Voids filled . 18.9
Other light aggregate, load Sands to ne 22 6 Voids u nfilled . 11.3
bearing 11.0- 16.5
MASONRY, BRICK Tin ..... 72.1
CONCRETE, REINFORCED Hard (lo w abso rptio n) 20.4
Cinder . 17.4 Med ium (med iu m WA TER
Slag . 2 1.7 absorption) . 18.1 Fres h . 9.8
Stone, (Including gra vel) 23.6 So ft (high absorption) 15.7 Sea . 10. 1

Copper 87.3 M A SONR Y, CONCRE TE (solid Wood (sec Ta ble 6,2 for relative
Cork, compressed 2.2 port ion) densities fo r Philippi ne wood)
Lightw eight un its [6.5
Med ium we ight units 19 ,6 Zinc. ro lled sheet . . ..." 70 .5
Normal w eight units 21.2

Nationa l Structural Code of the Philippines, Vo lume 1

2-6 MINIMUM DESIGN LOA DS

Tab le 204 ·2 Mini m um Desi g n Dead Loa ds (kPa) (Use actual loads when available)
Component Load Compo nent Load Component Load

CEIl..INGS Wa terpro ofing membra nes: F RA '\-tE PA RTITI O NS

Acoustica l Fiber B oar d 0 .05 Bitu minous. gravel-cover ed 026 Mo vable st eel partition'> _ 0. 19
Gypsum Board (pe r mm Bitum inous. smooth surface 0.07 Wood or steel studs. 13 mm
thickness) 0 .008 Liquid. ap plied __ 0.05 gyps um board each side 0 38
Mechanical duct allowance . ... 0.20 Single-p ly. sheet 0 ,03 Wood studs. 50 x 100,
Plaster on rile or concrete 02 4 Wood Sheathing (per mm unplastc red 0 .19
Plaster on wood lath 0.38 thickness) 0.005 7 Wood studs 50 x 100. plastered
Suspended steel channel Wood shingles _ _ 0_14 o nc side _. __ _0 .57
system ,... 010 Woo d studs 50 x I00 , plastered
Su spended meta l lath and FLOO R FIL L two side . .. .. ... 096
cement plaster 0.72 Cinder concret e. per mm 0 .0 17
Su spend ed metal lath and Lightweight concrete, per mm 0 .015 FRA~n: WALLS
gypsum plaste r 0.48 Sand. per mm 0 .0 15 Exterior stud walls :
Wood furri ng suspension Stone conc rete. per mm .. .. 0.023 5Ox l00 mm @ 400 mm, 15
system __ _._ _.__ _.. 0.12 mm gypsum, insulated, 10
FLOOR AND FLOOR FIN ISHES mm siding _ 0 .53
COVERINGS, ROOF AND Asphalt block (50 mm), 13 mm 5Ox 150 mm @ 400 mm. 15
WALL mortar 1.44 mm gypsum. insulat ed. 10
Asphalt shing les 0. 10 Cement finish (25 mm) on mm sid ing 057
Ce ment tile __ __ _ 0 .77 sto ne-concrete fill 1.53 Exterior stud wall wit h brick
Clay tile (for morta r add 0 .48 kPa) Ceram ic o r quarry tile (20 mm) venee r 2 .30
Boo k tile, 50 mm 0.57 on 13 mm mortar bed 0.77 Window s. g lass. fram e and
Boo k tile, 75 mm 0.96 Ceramic or quarry tile (20 rom) sash __ 0 ,38
Ludowici , 0.48 on 25 mm mortar bed 1.10 Clay brick wythes:
Roma n __ __ 0 .57 Co ncrete fill finish (pe r mm 100 mm 1.87
Spanis h _ 0.9 1 thickness) _ 0.023 200 mm 3.80
Composition: Hardwood floo ring. 22 mm 0. 19 300 mm __ 5.50
Three-ply ready roofin g 0.05 Linoleum or as phalt tile. 6mm .". 005 400 mm 7.42
Four-ply felt and gravel 026 Marble and mortar on sto ne- Hollow Concrete Masonry units
Five- ply felt and gra vel O.29 co ncrete fill _ _ 1.58 (Unplastc red, add 0 24 kPa for each
Co pper or tin 0 .05 Slat e (pe r mm thickness) 0 ,028 face plastered)
Corrugated asbesto s-ce ment Solid flat tile on 25 mm mort ar G rout Wvthe thickness mm
roofing 0. 19 base " " 1.10 Soacinll. I 100 I 150 I 200
Deck, metal 20 gagc O. 12 Subflooring, 19 mm O. 14 _ 1£ 5..10 ' m' p e/./: Ht)-.'.Y[ Un!i-r;_ _
Deck, metal, 18 gage . _ _ 0.14 Terrazzo (38 mm) direct ly on
slab _ _0 .9 1
y o grou t ' 1 05
800
i I 53 I 15R:}'..:l ~
20 1
Fiberboard , 13 mm _ _ 0 04 I ,

Gypsum sheathing, 13 mm 0.10 Terrazzo (25 mm) o n stone- 690 : 1 1 63 _2.20 _

Insulation. roof boards (per nun thickness)
Cellular g lass 0 .00 13
con crete fill "
Terrazzo (25 mm), 50 mm stone
" 1.53
" :~~ --~ , --_
. T~-:f=r ;t~·-~
Fibrous glass 00021 concrete _ __._ _ 1.53 19.6 l;N :;? lJensifJ'.!J.f.C/nit
Fiberboard _......... 0 .0028 Wood block (76 mm) on masti c, y o grout ! 1.24 ~' ~.}~1 1 . 72_
Perlite
polystyrene foam
0001 5
0.0004
no fill
Wood block (76 mm) on 13 mm
0.48
,·-t~ . _-..,1·_·.. . ---,. ~ :·~~·- l}·~1--
Urethane foam with skin ... 0 ,0009 mortar base 0_77 --. 00-- T =l ~:i l':J)i2--
Plyw ood (per mm thickness) .. 0 .0060 Full ; ! 2 ,82 ) 3.88
Rigid Insulation, 13 mm 0 .04 FLOORS, WOOD-JOIST (no plasla)
2 /.2. kM-",J Dem-ilJ:..0! lfnit
Sky light, metal fram e, 10 mm
wire glass 0.38
~~~:s }-t%~t ~£.al··l:t~"-'[('OO -- ··~&o~<l.Ut·:tTI~f---tfJt=r,~,j~ .
(mm) i mm r mm l mm
Slate, 5 nun ._ __ 0.34
I 0.25 600 ~6 ! 2.59
Slate, 6 mm 0 .48 5Oxl50
50x200
0.30
0.30
0.25
0.30 i 0.25 400 ! f-=J=2 .92__
2..
Full [ 2 97 : 3.97
50x250,,_
"
0.35
_-, __
.. _
0.30
.., _.. i 0.30-_
" . _. - . . _.
sooro I 0.40 i 0.35 i 0.30

Associat ion of St ru ctural Engineers of t he Ph ili ppines

 DEAD LOA DS & LIVE LOADS ,.,
20·1.3 PARTITION WADS SECTION 205 - LIVE LOADS
Floors in office buildings and ot her buildings where 205.1 GENERAL
partition locations are subject to change shall be designed to
support, in addition to all other loads, a unifonnly Live loads shall be the maximu m loads expected by the
distributed dead load equal to 1.0 kPa o f tloor are a, intended use or occupancy but in no case shall be less than
the loads required by this secti on,
EXCEPTION:

Access floor systems shall be designed to support, in

205.2 CRITICAL DISTR IBUT ION O F LIVE
addition to all other loads, a uniformly distributed dead
load 1101 less sban0.5 !cPa offloor area. LOADS

Where structural members are arra nged to create co ntinuity ,

mem ber s shall be designed usin g the loading conditions.
which woul d cause maximum shear and bending momen ts ,
Thi s requ irement may be satisfied in accordance with the
provision s of Sect ion 205.3.2 or 205 .4.2. where applicable.

205.3 FLOO R LIVE LOADS

205.3, t General Floors shall be designed for the unit live

loads as set fort h in Table 205- 1. These loads shall he taken
as the minimu m live loads in kilo newton per square meter
of horizontal projection to be used in the design of
buildings for the occupancies listed, and loads at least equal
shall be assumed for uses not listed in this section but that
create Of acco mmodate similar loading s.

Where it ca n be det ermined in designing floors that the

actual live load will be greater than the value shown in
Table 205 - 1, the actual live load sha ll be used in the des ign
of such buildings or portions thereo f Specia l provisio ns
shall be made for machi ne and ap parat us loads

205.3.2 Distrib uti on of uniform Floor load s. Where

unifor m floor loads are involved, considerat ion may be
limited to full dead load on all spa ns in combination with
full live load on adjace nt spans and alternate spans

205.3.3 C onu n tra tffi load s Provision shall be made in

designi ng floo rs fo r a conce ntrated load. L, as set fo rth in
Table 205 ·1 placed upon any space 760 mm squa re.
wherever this load upon an otherwise unloaded floor 'Would
produce stresse s greater than those caused by the unifo rm
load required therefore.

Provision shall be made in areas where vehicles are used or

stored for concentrated loads, J., consist ing of two or more
loads spaced 1.5 meter s nominally on cen ter without
uniform live loads Each load shall be 40 percent or the
gross weig ht of the maximum size vehicle \0 be
accomm odated Parking garages for the stora ge o f private
or pleasu re-type motor vehicles wit h no repair or refuel ing
shall have a floor system designed for a concen trated load
2
of not tess than 89 kN act ing o n an are a of 0 .0 13 m

Nationat Structural Code of the Philippines, VollJf1\f! 1

2-8 MIN IMU M DES IG N L OADS

wrthout uniform live loads. The co ndit ion of concentrated TA BLE 205-1 (conti nued ) - MINIMUM UNIFORM
o r un iform live load. combined in accordance with Section AND CONCENTRA TED UVE LOADS
203 3 o r 203 ,4 as appropriate. producing the greatest Concen-
Uniform
stresses sha ll govern. USE OR OCCUPANCY Load I trated
Load
-----
f---
205.3.4 Special load s. Provision shall be made fo r the Category Description kPo kN
special vert ical and lateralloads as set forth in Table 205-2 ,
Basic fl oor aTell 19 0'
Exteri or 4
ba lcon ies
2.9 0
TABLE 205·1 MINIMUM UNIFORM AND 13. Residential !! 4
CONCENTRATED LIVE LOADS D,"" 1.9 0
COlleen-
Uniform Sl.oruge 19 0
USE OR OCCUPANCY Load I trated
Load
rc-c -- - -- -- -- -
14 . Rcstrooms l) - - -
Catcf:Ol)' Description kPa kN 15. Reviewing
stands, grandstands,
()fiice usc 2.4 9.0 J Bleachers , -- 4.8 0
I. Access I1<x< "d
syste ms
Computer usc 4.8 9.0'
folding ,,'"
telesccome sceue e
Same as .~

2. Armor ies .- 7.2 0 16. Roof decks served or .. ..

Occepancv
Fixed seating 2.9 0 17. Schools C la,,,moms 19 4.5
2

3. Assembly arcus J Mova ble

4.8 0 18. Sidewalks a nd Public access 12.0 --
,
and auditorium seatmg dn vewa vs
"d
therewith
balconies Lo hb ies
platform&
,,' 4.8 0
19. Storage
Ligh t 6.0 --
Sta!l-L':l"rea~ 1.2 0 Heavy 12.0 --
4. Corn ices
marquees
,,'" - 3 6" 0
20 51"",
Retal] 4.8 4 ,5
2

6.0 13.4 1
5. Dining rooms and
restaurants ,- 48 0
21 Pedestrian
WboI=k

6. Exit facilities ~ - 4.8 0' bridges

walk w avs
~d -- 4.8 -
General slora fl"
aml/e>r rc p" ir
48 -- - NOTES FOR TABLE 205-1
See Section 205.5 for live load red uctions.
Prj~-atc ,
7. Garages
pleu. urc-typc '"
--
, See Section 205.3.3, first paragraph, for area of load

mot or "chicle
2.4 , application.
Assembly areas include such occupancies as dance halls,
sroraac
drill rooms, gymnasiums, playgrounds, plazas, terraces and

, Hospi tals
1,J,'ards
w.'" '-~
."" 1.9 4 _5 ~ similar occupancies that are generally accessible 10 the
pubhc.
Labordlori "" &
29 4.5 ~
• For special-purpose roofs, see section 205.• .• .
0l":rating rooms EJrit facilities shal include such uses as corridors serving
an occupant loa d of 10 or ffiOI" e persons, exterior ell it
Reac.hnj!. " ... lffi!I 2.9 4.5 2 balconies . stairwa ys, fTe escapes and similar uses.
9. Libraries Individual stair treads shan be designed to support a 1.3 kN
Stack ro um .' 1.2 6.7 2 conce ntrated load placed in a position that woul d caus e
maximum stress. Sla ir stJingers may be designed lor the

10. Man ufacturing

Li ght 6.0 i 9 0' uniform load sel lorth in the lable.
See Section 205.3 .3, second paragraph, IOf concentrated
He avy 12.0 13.4 2 loads. See Table 205-2 for vehicle barr ers.
Residential occupancies include private dwelling s,
2 apartments and hotel guest rooms.
I I Offices -- 2.4 9.0 •
Restroom loads sha ll not be less than the load for the
occupancy with which they are associated, but need not
I"rt:"" ""lIl1" 1.2 11.0 ] exceed 2 ,4 kPa.
12. Printing plants
C~inlland 2
4.8
! Iinol.~ l'" mom.,
9. 0

Association of Structural Eng inee rs of the Phili pp ines

 lIVE LOADS ,-,
TABLE 205-2 - SPECIAL LOA DS'
Vertical Lateral
NOTES FOR TABLE 2Ofr2

USE The tabulated loads Me minimum loads, Where other verlie~1 by

Load Lood_
this code Of requ" ed by the design would cause greater stresses ,
CalC1!""Y Description
"'" "'" they shaUbe used. Loads are in kPa unless otherwise indicated
in the table.
I. Construction, Wnll,.-way 7.2 -- Units is kNlm .
public access
site (live lo ad) " Canopy 72 --
, Lateral sway bracing loads of 350 Nfm parallel and 145 Nlm
perpendicular to seat and footboards.
2. Grandstands, .. Does not apply to ceilings that have sufficient total access from
reviewing, stands below, such that access is not required within the space above
bleachers, sese 1.75 &, the ceiling, Does not apply to ceilings if the attic areas above the
"d and
ceiling are not provided with access. This live load need not be
folding and foofboards kN/m ! Noll,' )
considered as actin g simultaneousl y wit h other live loads
telescoping imposed upon the ceiling framing or its supporting structure.
scatina(hve load) e The impact teete rs included are tor cranes with steel wheels
riding on steel ra ils . They may be modified it substantiating
Cal"alh 1.9 -- technical data acceptable to the building official is submrtted. Live
3 Stage accessories
Followspot, load s on crane sup port girders and ther connections shal be
[live load)
~oction
control rooms
,,'" 24 - taken as the maximum crane wheel loads. For pendant-operated
traveling crane support girders and their connections, the impact
factors shaN be 1.10.
O\-er stages 1.0 -- 8 This applies in lhe eeecncn parallel 10 the runway rais
4. Ceil ing framin g (longitudina l). The factor for forces perpendic ular to the rail is
(1i\'Cload) All uses cxc~'f'l- 0.20 x the transverse traveling loads (lrolley , cab , hooks and
" vcr stages
05 " -- lifted lo ads). Forces shall be applied at top of rail and may be
5. Partitions and disturb ed among rails of multiple rail cranes and shall be
interior walls, -- -- 025 distributed with due regard lor lateral stiffness of the structures
supporting these rails.
6. Elevators and A load per lineal meter (kN/m) to be applied horizon tally at right
2 x total
durnbwnucrstdcad l"ud, - angles to the top rail.
andlive load~) • Intermediate rails, panel fillers and their connectio ns shall be
Total 1 25 x 0.10 x capable of withstanding a load of 1.2 kPa applied horizontany at
s Cranes (dead and
live loads)
incl~ ''' ' ' """ ""'I
right angles o ver the entire tributary area , including openngs and
spaces between fai ls. Reactions due to this loading need not be
llI1pltd: increa...,

h il fuc ililN:s "'"'" """"

0.75
combined wit h those of Footnote 7,
P A horizontal load in kilonewtons applied at right angles to the

~"' >-,'" -- 1
vehicle barrier at a height of 450 mm above the parking surface .
occupant kN/m The force may be distribut ed over a 300- m~limeter-square area .
tcr than 50
'0 The mounting of hallltails shall be such that the completed
9 Balcony railings
Oth"r than cxn 0.30 handrail and supporting structure are capable of withstanding a
and guardrails
facilities - kN /m 1 load of at least 890 N applied in any direction at any point on the
ran. These loads shall not be assum ed to act cumulatively w ith
Item 9.
Components -- J2 X
" Verti cal members of storage racks shall be protected from impact
forces of operating equipment, or racks shall be designed so that
10. Vehicle barriers -- -- 27 kN Y failure of one vertical member will no cause colla pse of more than
the bay or bays diredly supported by that member.
II . Handrails
Su: See ' ~The 1.1 kN load is 10 be applied 10 any single fire sprinkler
,VOlt' /0 Nolt' JO Sl4Iport point but not simultaneously to all support joi nts .

12. Storage racks

(},l.... 2,4 m eter r"", ~II
Set' Tab/t"
Iti~l ]fJ8-.-J2
II kN
~~
lJ. Firc sprinkler
- weight or :it't' Tal>1t"
structural support "al.....- 2M - /1
ftlled
i""/!

National Structural Code 01 the Philip pines, Volume 1

2-10 MINIMUM DESIG N LOADS

205.4 ROOF LIVE LOADS
205.4. 1 Gfoorral Roofs shall be designed for the un it
live loads, L .. set forth in T able 205-3 . The live loads shall
be assumed to act vertically upo n the ar ea proj ected on a
horizon tal plane.
205.4.2 Dis tri b ution o f loads . Where uniform roo f loads
are invo lved in th e design of struct ural me mbers arr anged
to create co ntinuity, consideration may be limited to full
dead loads o n all spa ns in co mbinatio n with full roo f live
loa ds o n adjacent spans and on alternate spans.
EXCEPTION:
Alternate span loading need not he considered where the
uniform roo! live load is J kPa or more.
Fo r those co nditio ns where light-gage meta l prefo nncd
structural shee ts serv e as the su ppo rt and finish o f roofs,
roof structural members arranged to create con tinuity shall
be co nsidered adequate if designed for full dead loads on all
spans in co mbi nation with the most critica l one of th e
followi ng su perim posed loads:
1. The uniform roof Jive load, L.. set forth in Table
205-3 on all spans
2. A co ncentrated gravity load, Lr, of 9 kN placed o n
anI span supporti ng a tributary area greater than 18.5
m to create max imu m stresses in the member,
whenever this loading creates greater stresses than
tho se caused by the uniform live lo ad. The
conce ntrated load shall be placed on the mem ber
over a length of 750 mm along the span The
concentrated load need not be ap plied to more than
one span sim ulta neously.
3. Water accumulation as prescribed in Section 206.7.
205.4.3 Unbala nced loa ding. Unbalanced loads shall be
used where such loading w ill resu lt in larger members or
co nnec tions . Trus ses and arches shall be designed to resist
the stresses cause d by u nit live loads on one half of the spa n
if such load ing resu lts in reverse stres ses, or stress es greater
in any port ion than the stresses pro duc ed by the require d
unit live load on the ent ire span. For roo fs wh ose str uctures
are composed of a stresse d shell, framed or solid, wherein
stre sses caused by any point loading are dist ribu ted
througho ut the area of the shell, the requ irements for
unbal anced unit live load des ign may be reduced 50
percent.
205.4.4 Spec ial roof Iead s, Roofs to be used for spec ial
purpo ses shall be designed for ap propriate loads as
approved by the bui lding official.
Green house roo f bars, purl ins an d rafters shall be designed
to carry a 0 .45 kN concentrated load, L.-. in add ition to the
uniform live load .

Table 205-3 Minimum Roof Live Loads I

MEmOD 1 METHOD 2
Tributarv Area m Rate of Maximum
ROOF SLOPE Uniform
o 10 :20 :20 to 60 (N~ 60
Load' Reduction, Reduction
Uniform Load (kl'lI) r R
(kP lI) ( n lTC e nla lle )

I. Flat or rise less than 4 units vertical. in 12

units horizontal (33.3% Sl (~~t Arch and 1.00 0.75 0.60 1.00 0 .08 40
dome with rise less than onc-e t of soan.
2. Rise 4 units vertical to less than 12 units
vertical in 12 units horizontal (33% to less
than HXJOA. slope). Arch and domes with rise 0 .75 0.70 0.60 0 .75 0.06 25
one-e ight of span to less than three-eights of
soan
3 Rise 12 units vertical in 12 units horizontal
(100% slope) and greater. Arch Of dome 0 60 0.60 0.60 0.60
with rise three eigh~ of STl!lll or ereate-

4. A\\-nings except cloth covered. I 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 No reduction permitted

5. Greenhouses, lath houses and Agricultural

buildings."
0.50
. 0.50 0.50 0.50

For special-purpose roofs, see Section 205.4.4
f See Sections 205 .5 and 205 .6 lor Iive-load reductions The
rate of reduction I in Equation 205- 1 Shall be as indicated in
lhe table. Tile maximum reduction, R, shaM not exceed the
value indicated in the table.
J A nat roo f IS any roof WIth a slo pe less than 114 un it vertcar
in 12 units horiZontal (2% slope). The live load for nat roofs
is in additionto the pond ing load required by Section 206 .7.
I See definition in Section 202.
~ See Section 205.4.4 for concentrated load requirements fOl"
greenhouse roof members.

Associat i on of Structural Engin eers of the Philip pines