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samarTlis norma da normis struqtura

7.1.samarTlis normis cneba, saxeebi da

iuridiuli buneba

Tanamedrove iuridiul literaturaSi mocemulia samar-

Tlis normis definicia. masSi asaxulia normis arsebiTi niS-
nebi da specifikuri Taviseburebani.
sityva `norma~ adamianebis mier SemoRebul, garkveul
qcevis wess niSnavs.221 samarTlis normac sxva ara aris ra, Tu
ara qcevis wesi, magram moralis, anu zneobis normebisagan
gansxvavebiT, misi Sesruleba uzrunvelyofilia saxelmwi-
fos iZulebiTi aparatiT.
samarTlis normebi warmoadgnenen samarTlis sistemis
sawyis elementebs,222 igi aris samarTlis konkretuli subi-
eqtebis mier dadgenili qcevis wesi, romelic awesrigebs
erTi saxis sazogadoebriv urTierTobaSi monawile konkre-
tul pirebs Soris uflebebisa da movaleobebis aRiareba-
gamijvnis gziT. 223
ufro vrclad Tuki ganvmartavT, samarTlis norma aris
formalurad gansazRvruli zogadsavaldebulo qcevis wesi,
romelic dadgenili da uzrunvelyofilia sazogadoebisa
da saxelmwifos mier, ganmtkicebulia oficialur samarT-
lebriv aqtebSi da mimarTulia sazogadoebriv urTierToba-
Ta regulirebisaken maTi monawileobis ufleba-movaleobaTa
gansazRvris gziT.224 samarTlis norma gaTvaliswinebulia
mravaljeradi gamoyenebisaTvis. is vrceldeba ara erT
221
g. inwkirveli; saxelmwifosa da samarTlis Teoria; Tb., 2011; gv.142
222
T.alfaiZe; samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali, Tb., 2015; gv.180
223
b. savaneli; samarTlis zogadi Teoria, Tb., 2007; gv.17
224
Алексеев С. С. Укз. соч . С. 60
104
konkretul, aramed yvela im SemTxvevaze roca aRmocendeba
normiT gaTvaliswinebuli situacia.225 samarTlis norma war-
moadgens socialuri normis saxesxvaobas da mas axasiaTebs
socialuri normis yvela niSani.226 Tavis mxriv, socialuri
normebi qcevis is wesebia, romlebic aregulireben TviT
adamianTa urTierTobas sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.227 norma
SeiZleba iyos samarTliani da usamarTlo, magram ver iqneba
WeSmariti an mcdari, vinaidan, normas gansazRvravs xelisu-
fleba da ara WeSmariteba. WeSmariti an mcdari SeiZleba iyos
normis Sesaxeb msjeloba. norma moqmedebs an ar moqmedebs.
sxva alternativa ar arsebobs.
rac Seexeba samarTlis normas-es aris normatiuli-
samarTlebriv aqtSi Semavali sayovelTaod savaldebu-
lo, formalurad gansazRvruli, struqtulad organu-
li, subieqturi uflebebisa da iuridiuli movaleobebis
dadgenis gziT saxelmwifos mier miTiTebuli socialuri
sinamdvilis subieqtebis moqmedebaTa saTanado, SesaZlebe-
li, wamaxalisebeli, rekomendebuli an amkrZalavi zomebis
varianti. samecniero da iuridiul literaturaSi mkvle-
varebi samarTlis normebs yofen: 1. samarTlis dargebis, 2.
funqciebis, 3. normis moqmedebis. 4. samarTalSefardebiTi
aqtis, 5. pirTa wris. 6. specialuri da 7. gansakuTrebuli
samarTlis normebis mixedviT.228
samarTlis normaTa klasifikacia SeiZleba sxvadasxva
niSnis mixedviT.
samarTlis dargebis Sesabamisad rasakvirvelia arsebobs:
konstituciuri, samoqalaqo, sisxlis, administraciuli,
Sromis samarTlebrivi normebi.

225
avtorTa koleqtivi; qarTuli samarTlis safuZvlebi, Tb., 2013,
gv.46
226
T. alfaiZe; samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali; Tb., 2015; gv.180
227
g. inwkirveli; saxelmwifosa da samarTlis Teoria; Tb., 2011; gv.142
228
g. lobJaniZe, d. lobJaniZe, d. ivaniSvili; samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali
(safuZveli); Tb., 2012; gv. 202-203
105
 socialuri daniSnulebis mixedviT ganasxvaveben dam-
fuZnebel, regulaciur, damcav, uzrunvelmyofel, deklara-
ciul, definiciur, koliziur normebs.229
damfuZnebeli normebi- asaxavs sazogadoebrivi urTier-
Tobebis samarTlebrivi mowesrigebis, adamianis samarTlebri-
vi mdgomareobis, saxelmwifoebis saqmianobis sawyisebs;230
regulaciuri normebi- adgenen samarTlebriv urTier-
TobaTa monawileebis uflebebsa da movaleobebs, awesrigeben
faqtobriv urTierTobebs, romlebic warmoiSoba samarTlis
subieqtebs Soris;
damcavi normebi- iTvaliswineben saxelmwifo iZulebis
zomebs samarTaldarRvevis SemTxvevaSi isini gansazRvraven
aseve sasjelisagan ganTavisuflebis wessa da pirobebs;231
deklaraciuli normebi- Seicaven programuli xasiaTis
debulebebs, gansazRvraven calkeuli saxis sazogadoebriv
urTierTobaTa regulirebis amocanebs;
deficiniuri normebi- ayalibeben ama Tu im samarTlebri-
vi movlenisa da kategoriis gansazRvrebas;
imperatiuli normebi-adgenen normatiuli aqtis ZalaSi
Sesvlis, misi moqmedebis Sewyvetis TariRebs da a.S;
koliziuri normebi-mowodebulia Tavidan aicilos samar-
Tlebriv moTxovnebs Soris warmoqmnili winaaRmdegobebi.232
amis garda, samarTlebrivi mowesrigebis mixedviT gamoi-
yofa: dispoziciuri, sarekomendacio normebi. aseve, drois
mixedviT:arsebobs samarTlis mudmivi da droebiTi normebi.
samarTlis normebis iuridiuli bunebidan gamomdin-
are, pirobiTad, isini SeiZleba davyoT: socialur da teqni-
kur normebad.

229
T. alfaiZe; samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali; Tb., 2015; gv.184
230
g. lobJaniZe, d. lobJaniZe, d. ivaniSvili; samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali
(safuZveli); Tb., 2012; gv. 204
231
T. alfaiZe; samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali; Tb., 2015; gv.184
232
g. lobJaniZe, d. lobJaniZe, d. ivaniSvili; samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali
(safuZveli); Tb., 2012; gv. 205
106
 aRsaniSnavia, rom samarTlis norma socialuri nor-
mis erT-erTi saxea. samarTlis garda, socialuri normebis
sistema moicavs morals, Cveulebas, modas da sxv. social-
uri norma awesrigebs urTierTobas individebs, aseve, indi-
videbsa da socialur jgufs Soris.
qarTuli samarTali teqnikuri normis legalur defi-
nicias ar icnobs. teqnikur normas axasiaTebs Semdegi
niSnebi:233 1) teqnikuri norma aris werilobiTi dokumenti
ama Tu im gansazRvruli amocanebis teqnikuri gadawyvetis
Sesaxeb, 2) teqnikuri normis SemuSavebaSi monawileoben
dainteresebuli wreebis-mewarmeTa, momxmarebelTa, mec-
nierebis, eqspertebis da sxvaTa warmomadgenlebi, 3) te-
qnikuri norma orientirebulia maqsimalur konsesusze, 4)
teqnikur normas Rebulobs gansazRvruli organizaciul-
samarTlebrivi formis mqone organo, 5)teqnikuri norma
sazogadoebisaTvis xelmisawvdomia, 6) teqnikuri norma
adgens zogadi da mravaljeradi gamoyenebis wess da te-
qnikur normas iuridiulad savaldebulo Zala ar aqvs, 8)
teqnikuri norma efuZneba mecnierebis, teqnikisa da praq-
tikis gamocdilebas.

7.2. samarTlis normis struqtura

samarTlis normis Sinaarsis srulyofilad axsnisa da

praqtikaSi misi sworad gamoyenebisaTvis aucilebelia vico-
deT misi struqtura.
normatiuli aqtebis iuridiuli analizi, romelic
aucilebelia nebismieri samarTlebrivi saqmianobisas, gu-
lisxmobs yoveli iuridiuli normis azris swor garkvevas,234
swored am TvalsazrisiT didi mniSvneloba aqvs samarTlis
233
g. xubua; samarTlis Teoria; Tb., 2015; 66
234
avtorTa koleqtivi; qarTuli samarTlis safuZvlebi, Tb., 2013, gv.46
107
normis struqturis codnas.samarTlis normis Sinagan ageb-
ulebas, misi Semadgeneli elementebis logikur wyobasa da
urTierTkavSirs struqtura ewodeba.235 samarTlis normis
struqturaSi erTimeorisagan ganasxvaveben hipoTezas, dis-
poziciasa da sanqcias.
hipoTeza aris samarTlis normis is nawili, romelSic
gadmocemulia misi gamoyenebis pirobebi da garemoebebi,
romelTa dadgomis SemTxvevaSi iwyebs moqmedebas qcevis we-
si.236 hipoTeza SeiZleba gamoixatos sxvadasxva faqtorebSi,
kerZod, aseTi SeiZleba iyos samarTlis normis ZalaSi Sesv-
lis dro, pirovnebis gansazRuruli asakis miRweva, ama Tu im
movlenis dadgomis dro, adgili da a.S. magaliTad, saqarT-
velos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-12 muxlis Tanaxmad: `srul-
wlovania piri, romelmac miaRwia Tvrameti wlis asaks~. aq
hipoTezas warmoadgens piris srulwlovanebis faqti.237 sir-
Tulis mixedviT arsebobs martivi, rTuli, alternatiuli,238
zogadi, konkretuli239 aseve, hipoTeza SeiZleba iyos dadeb-
iTi an uaryofiTi.240
dispozicia aris samarTlis normis is nawili, romelSic
Camoyalibebulia Tavad qcevis wesi, ese igi, miTiTebulia
im ufleba-movaleobebze, romlebic warmoiSoba im faqto-
brivi garemoebis SemTxvevaSi, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia
hipoTeziT.241 sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, dispozicia Sei-
cavs TviT qcevis wess, romlis Tanaxmad unda moqmedebdnen
samarTlebrivi urTierTobis monawileni.242 iuridiuli nor-
mis dispozicia aris martivi, aRwerilobiTi, alternati-
235
g.lobJaniZe; saxelmwifosa da samarTlis Teoria; Tb., 2009; gv.272
236
b. savaneli, samarTlis zogadi Teoria, Tb, 2007, gv18
237
T. alfaiZe; samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali; Tb., 2015; gv.190
238
b. savaneli; samarTlis zogadi Teoria; Tb., 2007; gv.18
239
T. alfaiZe; samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali; Tb., 2015; gv.191
240
a.a. ivanovi. n.darbaiZe; saxelmwifosa da samarTlis Teoria; Tb., 2009;
gv.95
241
b. savaneli; samarTlis zogadi Teoria; Tb., 2007; gv.19
242
g.lobJaniZe; saxelmwifosa da samarTlis Teoria; Tb., 2009; gv.273
108
uli, damowmebiTi, blanketuri.243 sanqcia ewodeba normis im
nawils, romelSic miTiTebulia, Tu ra Sedegi mohyveba nor-
mis Seusruleblobas, mis dispoziciaSi aRniSnuli moTxovnis
darRvevas, e.i gamoxatulia iZulebiTi xasiaTis RonisZiebani,
romlebiTac saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs samarTlis normis
ganxorcielebas.244 ufro zustad, saubaria im konkretuli
normis nawilze, romelSic miTiTebulia, Tu ra saxis iZule-
biTi RonisZieba SeiZleba gamoviyenoT.245
sanqcia-sazogadod es aris adamianis moqmedebis norma-
tiulad gansazRruli Sedegi da aseTi Sedegi SeiZleba iyos
rogorc formaluri, aseve, araformaluri.246
sanqcia mravali saxisaa: sisxlissamarTlebrivi, samoqa-
laqo, administraciuli, SedarebiT gansazRruli, alterna-
tiuli, kumulaciuri, miTiTebiTi.247
yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, SegviZlia
davaskvnaT: samarTlebrivi normis stuqtura aris erTmaneT-
Tan logikurad dakavSirebuli urTierTobebiT ganpirobeb-
uli agubuleba, romelic gulisxmobs urTierTdakavSirebu-
li da urTierTmoqmedi elementebis arsebobas da realurad
aisaxeba samarTlebriv aqtebSi.

243
a.a. ivanovi. n.darbaiZe; saxelmwifosa da samarTlis Teoria; Tb., 2009;
gv.97
244
g. inwkirveli; saxelmwifosa da samarTlis Teoria; Tb., 2011; gv.148
245
g. lobJaniZe, d. lobJaniZe, d. ivaniSvili; samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali
(safuZveli); Tb., 2012; gv.210
246
a.a. ivanovi, n.darbaiZe; saxelmwifosa da samarTlis Teoria; Tb., 2009;
gv.96
247
T. alfaiZe; samarTalmcodneobis Sesavali; Tb., 2015; gv.192
109