Signed Learning Material No. 6 Nature of Codes and Cryptography

Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
GEC 3 – Mathematics in the Modern World Page 1 of 49

GEC 3 – MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

DOROTHY S. SURETA
Assistant Professor
Contact Details
Contact Number: 09167422338/09184922805
E-mail Address: Momsureta28@gmail.com
Web Address: [Type your web address or social media link]
Consultation Schedule
Every Friday 2 -5 pm
OUTLINE OF LEARNING TOPICS TIME ALLOCATION

2.3 Nature of Codes and Cryptography Week 16 to Week 18 [Final]
-Binary Codes
-Integers in Computer
-Logic and Computer Addition
-Repetition and Hamming Codes
-Cryptography
-The Universal Product Code
-ISBN
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILOs)

At the end of the topic, students should be able to
- Recognize and perform calculation on binary codes, computing integers, computer logic, error
correction and repetition;
- Define and explain cryptography;
- Determine the congruence between numbers; and
- Apply the mathematics behind the Universal Product Codes and ISBN.
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE LEARNERS

This learning material serves as a reflection among one of the flexible learning strategies that complement
the outcomes-based education approach. This material contains the essential discussions for the specified
topic together with a learning activity in order to achieve the indicated intended learning outcomes.
In addition, students will undergo pre-test and post-test short-examination. The pre-test questionnaires will
be given at the start of each rating period (Prelims, Midterms, Finals) while the post-test questionnaires will
be given at the end of each rating period. The results of the assessment will serve as one of the key
indicators that determine the effectiveness of this learning material. Thus, exemplifying honesty and
rectitude in this particular undertaking are highly appreciated and commendable.
Always keep connected and updated with announcements and relevant information concerning this course.
Lastly, do not hesitate to ask for assistance and raise your concerns to your instructor / professor.

2.3 Nature of Codes and Cryptography

Introduction
In this era of technology and advanced communications, enormous information or data (text, numbers,
images, and graphics) are sent from one point to another point through different media. It is very important
that these data are conveyed in their original form and are corrupted during transmission.
Coding theory and cryptography play a particularly significant role in data transmission. What is the
difference between coding theory and cryptography? Coding Theory is associated with error correcting
codes while cryptography is concerned with the security, privacy, and confidentiality of information
transmitted over a secure channel.
-Binary Codes
A binary code represents text, computer processor instructions, or any other data using a two-symbol
system used is often “0” and “1” from the binary number system. The binary code assigns a pattern of
binary digits, also known as bits, to each character.
(https://www.google.com/search?q=binary+codes&sxsrf=AOaemvIzu1NyHWghQUYFUNsDWXWmnMAVSg%3A1637501899379&
ei=y0uaYZjHFtnm2roPlKmEuA0&oq=&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAEYAzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6g
IQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJ0oECEEYAFAAWABgwSZoA
XACeACAAQCIAQCSAQCYAQCgAQGwAQrAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz)
-Integers in Computer
In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some
range of mathematical integers. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may not be allowed to
contain negative values. Integers are commonly represented in a computer as a group of binary digits
(bits).
(https://www.google.com/search?q=integers+in+computer&sxsrf=AOaemvJbQDt02VQ9raPD7SrFA6PWzUyutA%3A163750186175
1&ei=pUuaYb-eLfje2roP3PSc2Ak&oq=integers+in+comp)
-Logic and Computer Addition

To do mathematics, a computer needs to think of the problem as a set of Boolean outputs and inputs.
For example, if a computer is adding two 1-bit binary numbers, there are two inputs (each of the bits). The
answer in binary can be 0, 1, or 102 (two) – it will thus take two bits to represent.
(https://www.google.com/search?q=logic+and+computer+addition&sxsrf=AOaemvLZ0fMMBnqG5ElpYd53zm34htVAQQ%3A16375
02121418&ei=qUyaYev3GJDl2roPtYiGoAQ&oq=&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAEYAjIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzI
HCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJ0oECEEYAFAAW
ABgniJoAXACeACAAQCIAQCSAQCYAQCgAQGwAQrAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz)

-Repetition and Hamming Codes














Learning Activity No. 1

1. Define the following terms:
a) Parity check
b) Odd Parity
c) Even Parity
d) Parity bit
e) Binary Number
2. Find the Hamming distance between each of the following:
a) 00000, 11111
b) 1010101, 0011100
c) 000000001, 111000000
d) 1111111111, 0100100011

-Cryptography



















Learning Activity No. 2 (Application)

Encrypt the following using shift cipher with K = 4: MYLASTFAREWELL

-The Universal Product Code





-ISBN and QR Code





Learning Activity No. 3 (Application)

1. Consider the UPC 77083230854 and find its check digit.
2. Supposed that the packaging of a grocery item was damage in such a way that the fifth digit of a 12-digit UPC
was scratched off but the remaining 11 digits shows 88072303584. Determine the correct UPC.
3. The number 5 – 283 – 11980 has been generated by a publisher to identify a book for distribution. Using the
ISBN check digit scheme, attach a check digit to this number.
References:
Nocon, Rizaldi C. & Nocon, Erlinda G., Essential Mathematics for the Modern World, 2018
Calingasan, Recto M., Mathematics in the Modern World, 2018

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Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

GEC 3 – Mathematics in the Modern World Page 1 of 49

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

GEC 3 – MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

OUTLINE OF LEARNING TOPICS TIME ALLOCATION

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILOs)

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE LEARNERS

GEC 3 – Mathematics in the Modern World Page 2 of 49

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

2.3 Nature of Codes and Cryptography

-Logic and Computer Addition

GEC 3 – Mathematics in the Modern World Page 3 of 49

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-Repetition and Hamming Codes

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Learning Activity No. 1

2. Find the Hamming distance between each of the following:

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