Name: Ma. Angelica V. Rivera Instructor/Professor: Mrs.

Ma Theresa Receli
Course/Year/Sec: BSFT-1B Date Submitted: January 16, 2023

EXPERIMENT 7: Qualitative Analysis of Anions Experiment

An anion is an ion with negative charge, meaning it has more electrons than
protons. Anions are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons: the gain of the negatively
charged electron(s) results in an overall negative charge.

In this experiment, we will analyze the different processes used in the laboratory to help us gain
experience in identifying different anions and how we can become familiar with them by
observations of the reactions and products.

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this experiment, the students are expected to:

1. Know how to identify common anions.
2. To analyze what anion is in the sample.
3. Know different testing methods for common anions.

MATERIALS/ CHEMICALS
EQUIPMENT

1. Test tube
2. Test tube rack
3. Glass bottle
4. Dropper
5. Stirring rod
6. Litmus paper
7. Petri dish
8. Ring stand
9. Burette clamp
10. Silver nitrate
11. Ammonia solution
12. Chloride ion
13. Bromide ion
14. Iodide ion
15. Chlorine water
16. Hexane (organic solvent)
17. Hydrochloric acid
18. Sulphite ion
19. Potassium dichromate
20. Potassium permanganate
PROCEDURE:

A. Testing the anions using silver nitrate and aqueous ammonia

1.There are 3 types of anions in this test Cl - ,Br-, I-
2.Add silver nitrate (AgNO3) to the solution. Observe the reaction that happened.
3.Add aqueous ammonia to the precipitate solution and notice what happened to the solution.

B. Identifying Halide ions using Chlorine water and organic solvent

1.Add chlorine water to the sample solution followed by an organic solvent (HEXANE).
2.Shake the sample and observe the change.

C. Identifying Carbonate ion (CO32-) using an acid

1. Add dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute nitric acid to a sample solution.
2. observe what happened to the solution.

D. Testing Hypochlorite ion (ClO-)

1. Test the Hypochlorite ion using red litmus paper.
2. observe what will happen to the red litmus paper that contains Hypochlorite ion solution.

E. Testing Sulphite ion (SO32-)

1. Add acidified potassium dichromate solution to a solution containing sulphite ion.
2. Observe what happened to the solution.
3. Add acidified potassium permanganate to a solution containing sulphite ion.
4. Observe what happened to the solution.
5. Add bromine water to a solution containing sulphite ion.
6. Observe what happened to the solution.

SET-UP

A. Experiment
B. Experiment

C. Experiment

D.

EXPERIMENT
DATA AND OBSERVATION
A.
QUESTIONS:

B.
When Silver Nitrate When excess aqueous If precipitate is exposed
(Ag+) added to ammonia (NH3) is to sunlight
solution added
A white precipitate The white precipitate It will turn gray in color
Chloride ion (Cl-) is formed will dissolve/ turning quickly.
into a colorless
solution
A pale cream The white precipitate It will turn gray in color
Bromide ion (Br-) precipitate is formed. will dissolve slightly. slowly.
Iodide ion (I-) A pale-yellow The precipitate does No change in color.
precipitate is formed. not dissolve.

IDENTIFYING HALIDE IONS:

1. If the anion in the sample is a chloride ion. What happens when chlorine water is added to it
followed by an organic solvent?
- No observable change.

2. If the anion in the sample is bromide ion. What happens when chlorine water is added to it
followed by an organic solvent?
- The organic layer will change to orange because the bromide ion is oxidized to bromide by
chlorine water. Bromine dissolves in an organic solvent to form an orange solution.

3. If the anion in the sample is an iodide ion. What happens when chlorine water is added to it
followed by an organic solvent?

Answer: The organic layer will change to purple in colour because the iodide ion is oxidized to
iodine by the chlorine water. Iodine dissolves in organic solvent to form a purple solution.

C. IDENTIFYING CARBONATE ION USING AN ACID:

4. What happens when you add an acid, such as dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute nitrate acid, to the
sample solution containing Carbonate ion (Co32-)?
- A colourless gas will be produced if the sample contains carbonate ions. This gas is called carbon
dioxide. If the gas is allowed to pass into lime water, the lime water will turn into milky by the
carbon dioxide.

D. TESTING HYPOCHLORITE ION.

5. How to test the Hypochlorite ion, which is an alkaline and has a bleaching power, litmus paper was
used in the experiment. What happened to the red litmus paper with a solution of hypochlorite ion
 (ClO-)?
- The red litmus paper turns blue, and is then bleached to white.

E. TESTING SULPHITE ION

6. Sulphite ion has a reducing power and reacts with strong oxidizing agents, what happened when
acidified potassium dichromate solution was added to a solution containing sulphite ion (SO 32-)?
- The potassium dichromate is reduced and turns from orange to green.

7. What happened when acidified potassium permanganate was added to a solution containing
sulphite ion (SO32-)?
- It changes the potassium permanganate solution from purple to colourless.

8. What happened when bromine water was added to a solution containing sulphite ion (SO 32-)?
- It changes the brown bromine water into a colourless solution.

CONCLUSIONS:

In conclusion, the purpose of the tests was to identify anions in various solutions. Qualitative
analysis is used to locate the unidentified anions in the unknown solution by adding several reagents, and
observations show the anions present. Using silver nitrate and aqueous ammonia, researchers initially tested the
anions in this experiment by observing what would happen to a solution containing the anions chloride, bromide,
and iodide. In the second experiment, they used chlorine water and an organic solvent to determine the type of
halide ions—such as chloride, bromide, and iodide ions—that were present in the solution. Third, hydrochloric acid
was used to test whether the anion in the sample is a carbonate ion. Finally, potassium dichromate was added to
the solution to test the sulphite ion, transforming the solution from orange to green. Similarly, potassium
permanganate was added to the sulphite ion solution, changing it from purple to colorless. Bromine water
transforms into a colorless solution when added into the solution containing sulphite ion. Through these methods
we can identify the common anions as well as analyze what anion is in the sample. This is how the qualitative
analysis of anions was carried out.