What does philosophy mean?

- Greek word philosophia combination of Philo means love and Sophia means wisdom

Philosopher means lover of wisdom

- Pythagoras was the first known to use the word philosopher

Sophist

- A wise man or on who knows

- Nobody is wiser than Socrates. Why? The sophist claimed that they know everything, while
Socrates was aware of what he knows and what he does not know

Who is a wise person?

- Knows what one knows and does not know

- Has justified true beliefs
- Know things that are valuable in life
- Has the ability to put knowledge into practice
- Knows what one should do and does it

Philosophy asks foundational or framework questions which seek to examine if there are good
reasons why we should accept certain belief system. This is what mainly differentiates Philosophy
from science and other disciplines.

Parts of a human being

1. Body (acting person)

2. Mind (thinking person)
3. Heart (loving person)
4. Freedom (existing person)
5. Soul (conscientious person)

Branches of philosophy

1. Aesthetics – critical reflection on art, culture and nature

2. Ethics or moral philosophy – (ethics, from ethika, ‘having to do with character, disposition,
manners’). The study of goodness, right and wrong, justice and virtue.
3. Epistemology – Examine putative sources of knowledge, including perceptive experience,
reason, memory, and testimony. They also investigate questions about the nature of truth,
belief, justification, and rationality.
4. Metaphysics – The study of the most general features of reality.
5. Logic – The study of reasoning and argument.
6. Philosophy of Language – explores the nature, origins and use of language
7. Philosophy of science – explores the foundations, methods, history, implications and
purpose of science
8. Philosophy of religion – deals with questions that involve religion and religious ideas from
philosophically neutral perspective (as opposed to theology which begins from religious
convictions).
9. Political philosophy – study of government, addressing questions about the nature, scope
and legitimacy of public agents and institutions and the relationship between them.
Why is philosophy important?

- Philosophy ask the important questions

- Philosophy helps with critical thinking and reasons
- Philosophy helps guide the research process.
- Philosophy takes persuasiveness
- Philosophy teaches problem solving
- Philosophy can be applied to every discipline
- Philosophy forms a good foundation for a variety of careers
- Philosophy helps you sort through your own beliefs
- Philosophy influences the world today
- Philosophy can fuel change and progress
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