According to Ugwu, Collins O., et al.

(2021), “ Solid wastes like organic, plastic, polythene,

paper/cardboard, e-waste, metal/cans, sanitary, wood, leather/textiles, glass/bottles, polystyrene food
packs, medical, and rubber are common in the majority of the studies. However, because they make up
the largest percentage both by volume and weight, there are four main categories that present the
greatest challenges to the environment, the atmosphere, the entire population, and throughout all stages
of management. Organic, paper, polythene, and plastic are some of them. As a result, the four main
categories' strategies were covered in this work. Some of the strategies include preventing the creation of
avoidable wastes, reducing the waste produced through recovery, reusing the recovered wastes,
recycling the recyclables, composting organic wastes for the generation of energy, and ultimately disposal
at sanitary landfills.”

According to Yukalang, (2018). “Municipal solid waste is a serious issue, especially in developing nations
where there is insufficient infrastructure and land that can be used for processing. A number of problems
in some developing countries make it difficult to manage solid waste properly.. .”

according to Abubakar (2022).” Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the most important
responsibilities of city administrators and a powerful proxy for good governance. Effective SWM reduces
negative health and environmental impacts, conserves resources, and improves city livability.
Unsustainable SWM practices, on the other hand, have a negative impact on public health and
environmental sustainability, exacerbated by rapid urbanization and financial and institutional constraints..
“

After water quality, solid waste management is the second most important issue in developing countries
worldwide (senkoro, 2003). The majority of the population does not have access to regular and proper garbage
collection (Awomeso et al., 2010 )

According to O'Connell, E. J. (2011) “Municipal solid waste (MSW) causes issues with the environment, society, and
the economy. In a variety of cultures and economies, it has proven challenging to involve the public in reducing
MSW. Recycling is a common waste diversion practice, but the majority of people are still unaware of and don't
engage in other waste minimization behaviors. . Waste minimization and participation in waste diversion both
have room for improvement. Most societies have been prevented from implementing more radical changes to
their waste systems due to fear of the real and perceived risks of waste, as well as social norms and stigmas
associated with waste. Research into what has worked well and what needs to be improved has led to
recommendations for increasing participation in both developed and developing countries. The methods for
involving the public in reducing MSW must take into account feelings, practical considerations, and education
because waste and consumption practices are multidimensional.”

According to Menikpura (2013) ” GHG emissions from conventional solid waste management in
developing Asian countries significantly contribute to global climate change. This paper argues that
shifting to Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) provides a practical solution for reducing GHG
emissions while also reaping socioeconomic and environmental benefits.”

According to Al-Salem (2009) “No matter how environmentally conscious and technologically advanced
societies are, plastic solid waste (PSW) poses challenges and opportunities. The waste produced from
polyolefin sources, which make up a significant portion of the plastic products we use every day and have
only one life cycle, is given special attention. The primary (re-extrusion), secondary (mechanical), tertiary
(chemical), and quaternary (energy recovery) schemes and technologies for the four PSW treatment
routes are covered in detail and discussed. “
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Abubakar, Ismaila Rimi, et al. "Environmental sustainability impacts of solid waste management practices
in the global South." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19.19 (2022):
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Taiwo, Adewale Matthew. "Composting as A Sustainable Waste Management Technique in

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Ugwu, Collins O., et al. "Waste reduction and utilization strategies to improve municipal solid waste
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Menikpura, S. N. M., Sang-Arun, J., & Bengtsson, M. (2013). Integrated solid waste management: an
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