01 wl=i,ska f;dr fjuq l=i,ska ire fjuq

wm .; lrk fï idxidßl Ôú;h ÿla fÞïkiaj,ska fuka u iem iïm;aj

a ,ska
o hqla; h' nd," ;reK" uy¨ ldyg jqj o úfgl ÿla lïlfgd¨ o ;j;a úfgl
iem iïm;a o ,efnhs' tfia iqj ÿla ú¢ñka wm fï iir .uka lsÍug n,mdk
fya;= úúO h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia fkdfhla úg foaYkd fldg we;s mßÈ wm
Ôú;h flfrys n,mdk úúO idOl we;' l¾uh o bka tllehs Wka jykafia
jÞ< nj kshdu O¾u mdvfï § Tn W.;af;ys h'
l¾uh hkq ls%hdjhs' ljr Ôúhl=f.a jqj o ls%hdj flfrk ;=ka fÞrla ;sfí'
tlla is; h' tys Wmokd is;=ú,s h' wfkl lhhs' tkï oE;a fomd wdÈfhka lrk
lghq;= h' f;jekak jpkhhs' wfma l:dnyhs' fulS ;=ka fÞßka lrk ls%hdfjda
l¾u kñka ye¢kafj;s' tfy;a fï ;sfÞßka flfrk ´kE u l%shdjla l¾u
kdufhka fkd.efkk nj wm f;areï.; hq;= h' nqÿ oyu wkqj l¾uh fÉ;kdj
uq,a fldg we;a;ls' tkï is;d u;d isÿ lrkakls'
wm is;a ;=< uq,anei mj;akd we,au" wdidj" .scqlu" rd. fÉ;kdj h' tfia
u wm ;=< ksÈ.; j we;s .efgk iq¨ nj" úreoaOjd§ nj" ffjrh" fldamh" oafõI
fÉ;kdj h' uq,dj" /jàu" fkdu. hdu fuday fÉ;kdj h' tn÷ fÉ;kdjka uq,a
fldgf.k is;ska" lhska yd jpkfhka wm isÿ lrk l%shdjka ;sfí' tAjd wl=i,
l¾u fyda mdm l¾u kï fjhs' rd.fhka" ldufhka f;dr jQ hym;a fÉ;kdjka
o wm ;=< Wmojd .; yels h' oafõIfhka" .efgk iq¨ núka f;dr jQ wysxil
fÉ;kdjka o wm ;=< WmÈhs' tfia u fudayfhka uq<dfjka f;dr jQ kqjK" yß
±lau uq,a fldg .;a fÉ;kdjka o Wm§' tu l=i, fÉ;kdjka u; msysgd is;ska
lhska yd jpkfhka wm isÿ lrk ls%hdfjda l=i, l¾ufhda fj;a' fÉ;kdj uQ,sl
fkd jk fyj;a is;du;d fkd lrk ls%hd l¾u .Khg we;=<;a jkafka ke;'
f.dú uy;l= l=Uqrl iS idoa§ Tyqg fkd ±kS l=vd i;=ka urKhg m;aúh
yels h' tfy;a tA fya;=fjka Tyq m%dK>d; wl=i, l¾uhla isÿlrf.k we;ehs lsj
yels fkd fõ' Bg fya;=j i;=ka ueÍfï fÉ;kdfjka tA f.dú uy;d ls%hd fldg
fkd ;sîu h'
i;s fmd<lg .sh whl=g ñ,g .;a t<j¿ nE.h ;ud .uka l< nia ßh ;=<
wu;l jQfha hehs is;uq' fjk;a wfhla whs;slrejl= ke;s tu t<j¿ nE.h
/f.k hhs' tfy;a tys § t<j¿ nE.fha ysñlre ;=< th wfkll=g mß;Hd.
lsÍfï fÉ;kdjla fkd;sìK' tA wkqj Tyq l=i, l¾uhla isÿ fldg we;ehs lsj
yels fkd fõ'
fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu ms‚ihs 1
 l=Uqrg .sh f.dúhd tys kshr u; § fyda fjk;a ;ekl § ys;du;d u fï
i;d urñ hs hï i;l= Èú f;dr flf<a kï th wl=i, l¾uhla u fõ' Tyq ;=<
mrmK keiSfï fÉ;kdj ;snQ neúks' i;s fmd<g .sh ;eke;a;d tys § fyda
fjk;a ;ekl § fyda È<s÷ ;eke;a;l= ±l Tyqg o ñ,g .;a t<j¿j,ska fldgila
is;du;d u mß;Hd. flf<a kï th l=i, l¾uhla u fõ' Tyq ;=< Þk fÉ;kdj
;snQ neúks'
nqÿ oyu wkqj hï ls%hdjla wl=i, l¾uhla f,i fyda l=i, l¾uhla
f,i fyda ;SrKh lsÍfï § fÉ;kdj úuid ne,sh hq;= h' tfia u hï l%shdjla
wl=i, l¾uhla f,i fyda l=i, l¾uhla f,i fyda ksYaph lsÍfï § tu
ls%hdfjys m%;sM, o i,ld ne,sh hq;= h' is;ska" lhska fyda jpkfhka wm úiska
lrkq ,nk hï l%shdjla ksid fof,dj u ÿla mSvd ú£ug isÿ fõ kï th wl=i,
l¾uhls' is;ska" lhska fyda jpkfhka wm úiska lrkq ,nk hï l%shdjla ksid
fof,dj u iem ú£ug yels fõ kï th l=i, l¾uhls' hï ls%hdjla fldg
miqj l÷¿ msreKq uqyq‚ka ;eùug ÿla ùug isÿjkafka kï th krl h' hï
ls%hdjla fldg miqj i;=áka tu ls%hdfjys hym;a m%;sM, N=la;s ú£ug yels fõ
kï" th fyd| heZhs nqÿ oyu W.kajhs'
l=i,dl=i, l¾uhkaf.a M, úmdl ms<n s | j foaYkd l< nqÿrcdKka jykafia
tys § ;ud .ek fuka u wkqka .ek o is;d ne,sh hq;= heZhs b.ekajQy' is;ska" lhska
fyda jpkfhka wm úiska lrkq ,nk hï ls%hdjla ;udf.a fukau wkqkaf.a o
wys;Z wjev ms‚i fya;= fjhs kï" th wl=i, l¾uhls' ;=ka fÞßka lrk hï
ls%hdjla ;udf.a fukau wkqkaf.a o ys; iqj ms‚i fya;= fjhs kï" th l=i,
l¾uhls' i;a;aj >d;kh" fidrlu wdÈ ljr wl=i, ls%hdjlska jqj o ;udg
wjevla u isÿ fõ' wkqkag o wjevla u isÿ fõ' tn÷ wl=i, ls%hdj,ska fjka ù
ish¨ i;a;ajhkag fu;a is; me;srùu" ljrl=g jqj o hula mß;Hd. lsÍud§ l=i,
l%shdjlska ;udg hym;la u isÿ fjhs' wkqkag o hym;la u isÿ fjhs'

fyd| mskalula
2 fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu ms‚ihs
 wm úiska lrkq ,nk l=i,dl=i, l¾uhkaf.a j.lSu wm úiska u ±ßh hq;=
h' th wka whl=g mejÍu lsisfia;a u l< yels fkd fõ' múgq fÉ;kdfjka hq;=j
l< lS foa .ef,ys ne¢ f.dkq miqmi u tk .e,a frdaoh fuka l< ;eke;a;d
miqmi u we§ ths' tA wl=i, l¾uhg Tyq u j.lsj hq;= h' thska Tyqg u ÿla ú£ug
isÿ jkafka h' hym;a fÉ;kdfjka hq;= j l< lS foa fijKe,a, f,i wm w;a
fkdyer wm miqmi u we§ ths' tA l=i, l¾ufha wdksixih wmg u ,efí' l=i,
l¾u l< ;eke;a;dg thska iem úmdl ,o yels h'
l¾uh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùu wkqj hul= mõlï l< o miq j tA mõlï
ys wd§kj ±l tn÷ ls%hdj,ska je<lS l=i,a jvd .;af;a kï fyf;u f,dalh
wdf,dalj;a lrhs' Tyqg iir ÿla fl<jr lr.; yels h' tneúka lrk ,o mdm
l%shdjka ms<sn| j miq;eú,s fkdúh hq;= h' l=i,a oyï jeäh hq;= h' mjg ìh we;s"
l=i,hg ,eÈ" Ôú;hla f.dv k`.d .ekSfï § l¾ufhys m%fNao fyj;a úúO l¾u
j¾. ms<sn| oek .ekSu o m%fhdackj;a fjhs' nqÿ oyfuys l¾uh ms<sn| m%fNao
rdYshla olajd ;sfí'
úmdl fok ld,h wkqj l¾uh i;rdldr fõ'

1' ÈÜGOïufõokSh l¾uh

2' WmmÊcfõokSh l¾uh
3' wmrdmßhfõokSh l¾uh
4' wfydais l¾uh hkqfjks'

fu f,dj § u úmdl fokafka ÈÜGOïufõokSh l¾u fõ' tu l=i, l¾uh

fyda wl=i, l¾uh fyda m%jD;a;s úmdl ,nd fokakls' th m%;i
s kaê úmdl bmoùfuys
wiu;a h' m%;sikaê úmdl kï urKska miq h<s bm§u i|yd lrkq ,nk n,mEuhs'
m%jD;a;s úmdl kï Wmkaod isg urKh f;la isÿjk n,mEuhs' fojk wd;au
Ndjfha § úmdl fok l¾uh WmmÊcfõokSh kï fõ' tu l=i,dl=i, l¾ufhda
m%jD;a;s úmdl fukau m%;sikaê úmdl o ,nd §ug iu;a jkafkda h' ljr fyda
wd;auNdjhl § úmdl fok l¾uh wmrdmßhfõokSh kï fõ' iir ÿlska w;añ§
ksjka olakd f;la u úmdl ,nd §ug tu l¾uh iu;a fjhs' u;=jg úmdl fkd§
wfydais ù hk l¾u wfydais l¾uhs' l¾u Yla;h s hgm;a lrñka ms<f s j;a mqrd ry;a
njg m;a ù msßksjka mE úg tA W;=ud úiska fmr lrk ,o l¾ufhda tfia wfydais
ù hkafkda h'

fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu ms‚ihs 3

 úmdl fok wdldrh wkqj o l¾uh i;rdldr fjhs'

1' .rel l¾uh

2' wdikak l¾uh
3' wdÑKaK l¾uh
4' lg;a;d l¾uh hkqfjks'

fjk;a l¾uhlska j<ld,sh fkd yels jvd;a Yla;su;a nrm;, l=i,dl=i,

l¾ufhdA .rel l¾u kdufhka ye¢kafj;s' m[apdkka;ßh l¾u yd ksh; ñ:Hd
oDIaáh o .rel wl=i, l¾u fõ' rEmdjpr wrEmdjprd§ OHdk Wmojd .ekSu
.rel l=i, l¾u fõ' urKdikak wjia:dfõ § lrk ,o fyda isyshg kef.k ,o
fyda l¾uh wdikak l¾u kï fõ' .rel l¾uhl n,mEula ke;s úfgl fojk
Njfhys m%;sikaêh ,nd §ug wdikak l¾uh n,mdhs' ks;r ks;r mqreoaola fuka
lrk ,o l=i,dl=i,fhda wdÑKaK l¾u kï fj;s' .rel" wdikak l¾uj,
n,mEula ke;s úfgl m%;sikaêh ,nd §ug wdÑKaK l¾uh n,mdhs' ÿ¾j, jQ
l=i,dl=i, l¾ufhda lg;a;d l¾ufhda h' .rel" wdikak" wdÑKaK l¾uj,
n,mEula ke;s úfgl lg;a;d l¾uh m%;sikaêh ,nd §fuys iu;a fjhs'
lD;H fyj;a ld¾hhka wkqj o l¾uh i;rdldr fjhs'

1' ckl l¾uh

2' Wm;a:ïNl l¾uh
3' WmmS<l l¾uh
4' Wm>d;l l¾uh hkqfjks'

i;a;ajhdf.a m%;sikaêh ,nd §fuys iu;a jkafkda ckl l¾ufhda h' ckl
wl=i, l¾uh i;r wmdh wdÈ ÿla we;s ;kays o" ckl l=i, l¾uh foõ f,dj
ñksia f,dj wdÈ iem we;s ;kays o Wm; ,nd §ug n,mdhs' ckl l¾uhg wkqn,
fok tu l=i,dl=i, l¾uhkag rel=,a fok l¾uh Wm;a:ïNl l¾uhhs'
l=i,dl=i, jYfhka fohdldr jk fuu l¾uh m%jD;a;s úmdl ,nd fokakls'
ckl l¾uhg ndOd muqKqjk tys n,h ySk lrjk l¾uh WmmS<l l¾uhhs'
WmmS<l wl=i, l¾uh ckl l=i, l¾uhg o WmmS<l l=i, l¾uh ckl

4 fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu ms‚ihs

wl=i, l¾uhg o ydks lrhs' ckl l¾uhdf.a úmdl §fï yelshdj ke;s fldg
;ud u úmdl ,nd fok l¾uh Wm>d;l kï fõ' Wm>d;l wl=i, l¾u ckl
l=i, l¾ufha o Wm>d;l l=i, l¾u ckl wl=i, l¾ufha o úmdl §fï Yla;sh
ke;s lrhs'

l< mska nf,ka foõf,dj bmso

iir ;=< ÿla iem ,nd §fuys iu;a jk" is;=ú,s uq,a fldg .;a" f,dalfhys
úúO úiu;djka we;s lrk" wmf.a u j.lSug hg;a jk l¾uh ms<sn| ukd
wjÈlulska Ôj;a ùug wm ienúka u fhduq úh hq;= h' Ôú;h flfrys n,mdk
jeo.;a idOlhla jk tys úúO m%fNao we;s nj o f;areï .; hq;= h' mdi,a
orejka jk wms wmf.a Ôú;fha id¾:l;ajh" iekis,a," i;=g yd ÈhqKqj i|yd
wmf.a u ;=ka fÞßka lsh
% djg kef.k l=i,dl=i, l¾u ms<ns | j ksr;=re ie,ls,u
s ;a
fjuq' wl=i, l¾uhkaf.ka je<lS l=i, l¾uhka ys ksr; ùfuka hym;a m%;sM,
WÞlr .ksuq'

fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu ms‚ihs 5

 idrdxYh

l¾uh nqÿ oyfuys tk m%Odk;u b.ekaùuls' wmf.a

Ôú;h flfrys n,mdk ÿla iem Wmojk b;d jeo.;a
idOlhla jk th wmf.a u fÉ;kd uq,a fldgf.k
is; lh jpk hk ;sfÞßka u l%shd;aul fjhs'
f,dalfhys úúO Wiamy;alïj,g o tla fya;= idOlhla
jkafka l¾uhhs' tneúka wl=i, l¾uhkaf.ka wE;a
ùu;a l=i, l¾uhkays ksr; ùu;a fuf,dj mrf,dj
hym; ms‚i u fya;=jk nj f;areï f.k wms l%shd
lruq'

ls % h dldrlï

01' fÉ;kdj wkq j hï ls % h djla l= i ,hla fyda

wl=i,hla fyda jk wdldrh fmkajd fokak'
02' l¾u M, úYajdih mqoa.,hdf.a yd iudcfha
hym; i,ik whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'
03' fuu mdvfuys i|yka jk l¾u m%fNao j.= .;
lr fmkajkak'

mejreu

O¾uOrhl= iu. idlÉPd lr my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re

fidhd mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'
01' foõo;a f;r" wcdi;a" uÜgl=Kav,S" pqkaoiQlßl hk
whf.a urKska u;= Wm;g n,mE l¾u fudkjd o@
02' tajd úmdl fok wdldrh wkqj fjk fjk u
kï lrkak'

6 fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu ms‚ihs