Creative

Writing
–Imaginative writing vs. Technical/ academic/ other forms of writing–
What is an imaginative writing? What is the difference between imaginative and
Imaginative writing can be defined as many technical writing?
things. Sometimes called creative writing, this Technical writing focuses on factual and straight
type of writing is purely fictional and made up forward content. Creative writing focuses on
by the author. Imaginative writing expresses imaginative and symbolic content.
thoughts, ideas, and stories using the feelings
and emotions of the writer.

What is the difference of imaginative writing

What is the difference between imaginative
from other forms of writing? writing and academic writing?
Part of the difference between creative writing Overall, creative writing allows for more
personal expression whereas academic/scholarly
and other kinds of writing is the use of language.
Creative writing doesn't only deal with factual writing aims to explore an idea, argument, or
information or uses language to communicate concept. Academic writing requires more factual
flat meanings. It has color. It is suggestive andevidence
it for support, and presents challenges
evokes emotions. such as the pressure of time.

Sensory experience
WHAT IS A SENSORY EXPERIENCE?
The definition of sensory experiences is an object or action that encourages children to use one or more of the
senses – sight, sound, smell, touch, taste, balance, and movement.

Language
a. Imagery
Imagery is descriptive language used to appeal
to a reader's senses: touch, taste, smell, sound,
and sight. Original description gives writing a
sense of honesty and believability, while concise
details can help enhance your focus. Visual
imagery is the most obvious and typical form of
imagery.
b. Figures of speech
A figure of speech is a word or phrase that
possesses a separate meaning from its literal
definition. It can be a metaphor or simile
designed to make a comparison. It can be the
repetition of alliteration or the exaggeration of
hyperbole to provide a dramatic effect.

–Examples–
Alliteration Examples Anaphora Examples
Alliteration is the repetition of the beginning Anaphora is a technique where several phrases or
sounds of neighbouring words. verses begin with the same word or words.

· She sells seashells. · "I came, I saw, I conquered." - Julius Caesar

· Walter wondered where Winnie was. · "Mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition!" -
· Blue
Assonance Examples baby bonnets bobbed through the bayou. King John II, William Examples
Euphemism Shakespeare
· Nick needed new notebooks. · "We
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds (not just letters) in words that are shallEuphemism is fail.
not flag or Weor shall
a mild goterm
indirect on to theoften substitutes
that
close together.· The
Fredsounds
fried don't
frogs'have
legstoon
beFriday.
at the beginning of the word. end ... wea harsh,
shall blunt,
neveror offensive
surrender."
term.-For
Winston
example:
Churchill
· A - "For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels named Lenore." - "The · A little thin on top (instead of "going bald")
Raven," Edgar Allan Poe · Fell off the back of a truck (instead of "stolen")
· E - "Therefore, all seasons shall be sweet to thee." - "Frost at Midnight," Samuel · Letting you go (instead of "firing you")
Taylor Coleridge) · Passed away (instead of "died")
· I - "From what I've tasted of desire, I hold with those who favor fire." - "Fire and · Economical with the truth (instead of "liar")
Ice," Robert Frost
· O - "Oh hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn." - "The World is Too Much
With Us," William Wordsworth
· U - "Uncertain rustling of each purple curtain ..." - "The Raven," Edgar Allen
Poe
 Irony Examples
Irony occurs when there's a marked contrast between what
is said and what is meant, or between appearance and
reality. For example:

Onomatopoeia Examples Metaphor Examples · "How nice!" she said when I told her I had to work all
Onomatopoeia is the term for a word A metaphor makes a comparison weekend. (Verbal irony)
that sounds like what it is describing. between two unlike things or ideas. · A traffic cop gets suspended for not paying his parking
tickets. (Situational irony)
· Whoosh · Heart of stone · The Titanic was said to be unsinkable, but it sank on its
· Splat · Time is money first voyage. (Situational irony)
· Buzz · The world is a stage · We named our tiny Chihuahua "Brutus." (Verbal irony)
· Click · She’s a night owl · The audience knows the killer is hiding in a closet in a
scary movie, but the actors do not. (Dramatic irony)

Oxymoron Examples
An oxymoron is two contradictory terms used together. Some examples include:
Hyperbole Examples
· Peace force
Hyperbole uses exaggeration for emphasis or effect.
· Kosher ham
Examples include:
· Jumbo shrimp
· Sweet sorrow
· I've told you to stop a thousand times.

EXAMPLES Personification Examples

· That must have cost a billion dollars.
· I could do this forever.
· She's older than dirt.
Personification gives human qualities to non-living things or ideas. · Everybody knows that.

· The flowers nodded.

· The snowflakes danced. Synecdoche Examples
· The thunder grumbled. Synecdoche occurs when a part is represented by the
· The fog crept in. whole or, conversely, the whole is represented by the part.
· The wind howled.
· Wheels can represent a car
· The police can represent one policeman
· Plastic can represent credit cards
· Coke can represent any cola drink
Simile Examples · Hired hands present workers
A simile is a comparison between two unlike things using the words "like" or
"as."

· As slippery as an eel Understatement Examples

· Like peas in a pod An understatement occurs when something is said to
· As blind as a bat make something appear less important or less
· Eats like a pig
serious. For example:
· As wise as an owl
· It's just a scratch. (Referring to a large dent)
DiCTION · It's a little dry and sandy. (Referring to the driest
desert in the world)
Diction refers to the linguistic choices a writer makes to effectively · The weather is cooler today. (Referring to sub-zero

Creative Writing
convey an idea, a point of view, or tell a story. In literature, the words temperatures)
used by an author can help establish a distinct voice and style. · It was interesting. (Referring to a bad or difficult
experience)
· It stings a bit. (Referring to a serious wound or
injury)

The art of Creative Writing

o Creative writing is any writing that is original, artistic, and self-expressive.
o Its purpose is to entertain and share human experiences, and it does so by expressing feelings or thoughts that are
born out of the imagination as you can see in the poetry, fiction and etc.
o Because it uses a lot of imagination, creative writing is also called imaginative writing or literature, as opposed to
technical or academic writing, the main goal of which is to present facts.

Examples of Creative Writing

o Fiction (maybe a short story, novel, novella, even a joke) - mostly made-up stuff born of the imagination
 The elements of poetry are used by successful poets to convey certain meanings and themes. While there are
many poetic elements and devices, many poets are selective in their usage of elements and devices. They often

Poetry
choose the tool that achieves the effect they want to convey.

Famous American poet Walt Whitman said, “To have great poets, there must be great audiences.” So in order
for us to be sure we understand the poems that we read, we need to be able to understand the elements of
poetry.
Elements of poetry
1. Form
2. Sound Devices
3. Speaker
4. Imagery
5. Figurative language

Form: This refers to the way a poem looks on the page. Form may consist of:
 1. lines- rows of words in a poem.

2. Stanza- groups of lines separated by a space. Stanzas are like the “paragraphs” of a poem.
TYPES
Types of Stanzas Types of Poetry

couplet- 2 lines 1. ballad - a poem with a regular repeated pattern (like a

tercet- 3 lines song); also called structural form or lyric poetry.
quatrain- 4 lines 2. Free-verse- a poem with no regular pattern
cinquain- 5 lines 3. Haiku- a short three-line japanese poem with a
sestet- 6 lines syllable pattern 5-7-5
septet- 7 lines
4. Limerick- a humorous, five line rhyming poem with the
octave- 8 lines
rhyme scheme (aabba)

Rhyme Scheme: Shows the pattern of rhymes in a poem

using letters.

Sound devices
These refer to the things the writer uses to make the poem sound more interesting.

3R's in POETRY

1. rhyme
2. rhyme scheme
3.rhythm
rhyme: repeating similar sounds at the ends of lines
rhythm: pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in lines of poetry
meter: is the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of verse

iamb (x/)
trochees (/x)
dactyls (/xx)
anapest (xx/)
spondee (//)

4. repetition: repeating words, phrase, or even whole lines

2. Setting - Time and
5. alliteration: location
repeating thethat
samea story takessound
consonant place.atFor
thesome stories,
beginning the setting
of words. (Mollyismakes
very important;
mounds of
whilemuffins)
for others, it is not. When examining how setting contributes to a story, there are multiple aspects
6. onomatopoeia: using words that imitate sounds (bang, boom, pow)
to consider:
1) Place - Geographical location; where is the action of the story taking place?
2) Time - Historical period, time of day, year, etc; when is the story taking place? 3) Weather conditions
- Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc?

4) Social conditions - What is the daily life of the character's like? Does the story contain local colour
(writing that focuses on the speech, dress, mannerisms, customs, etc. of a particular place)?

FICTION
5) Mood or atmosphere - What feeling is created at the beginning of the story? Cheerful or eerie?
 FICTION
4) Falling action - Resolution begins; events and complications start to fall into place. These are the
events between climax and denouement.
5) Resolution (Conclusion) - Final outcome of events in the story.

–POINT OF
VIEW–
- The angle from which the story is told. There are several variations of POV:

1) First Person - Story told by the protagonist or a character who interacts closely with the protagonist or
other characters; speaker uses the pronouns "I", "me", "we". Readers experiences the story through this
person's eyes and only knows what he/she knows and feels.
2) Second Person - Story told by a narrator who addresses the reader or some other assumed "you";
speaker uses pronouns "you", "your", and "yours". Ex: You wake up to discover that you have been
robbed of all of your worldly possessions.
3) Third Person - Story told by a narrator who sees all of the action; speaker uses the pronouns "he",
"she", "it", "they", "his", "hers", "its", and "theirs". This person may be a character in the story. There
are several types of third person POV:
• Limited - Probably the easiest: POV for a beginning writer to use, "limited" POV funnels all action
through the eyes of a single character; readers only see what the narrator sees.
• Omniscient- God-like, the narrator knows and sees everything, and can move from one character's
mind to another. Authors can be omniscient narrators by moving from character to character, event
to event, and introducing information at their discretion. There are two main types of omniscient
POV:
o Innocent Eye/Naive Narrator – Story told through child's eyes; narrator's judgment is
different from that of an adult.
o Stream of Consciousness - Story told so readers solely

5. Theme – Central message, "moral of the story," and underlying meaning of a fictional piece; may be
the author's thoughts on the topic or view of human nature.
1) Story's title usually emphasizes what the author is saying.
2) Various figures of speech (symbolism, allusion, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, or irony) may be
utilized to highlight the theme.
3) Examples of common themes occurring in literature, on television, and in film are:
• Things are not always as they appear to be.
• Love is blind.
• Believe in yourself.
• People are afraid of change.
• Don't judge a book by its cover
TECHNIQUES &
1. Flashback
2. Foreshadowing I T’ S M E A N I N G S
3. Dialog
4. Characterization
5. Motif Flashback- When the events of a story jump “back in
6. Mood time” for a brief period of time to reveal information and
7. Situational Irony (lines from a events that took place prior to the start of the story.
particular short story)
Foreshadowing- When an author hints at things that will
8. Verbal Irony (lines from a
come later in the text.
particular short story)
9. Dramatic Irony (lines from a Dialog- When characters in the text speak to one
particular short story) another.

Characterization- The process through which an author reveals the qualities of a character, including
personality, appearance, history, actions, attitudes, thoughts and feelings.
• Direct characterization- the author comes out and says. “her strawberry blonde hair curled in
ringlets at the base of her neck”
• Indirect Characterization- you read what the characters are doing and interpret this information
to form opinion about them.

Motif- a reoccurring word, object, or concept

Think of this as a theme party.

Mood- The feeling you get when you read a text. Usually this is created by the author’s choice of
words

Situational Irony- this is when what actually happens is the opposite of what you expect.

Verbal Irony- This is another word for sarcasm, when what you say is not really what you mean.

Dramatic Irony- This is when the audience or reader knows something that a character does not.
Next
Speaker: This refers to the person who is speaking in the poem. The speaker is like the narrator of the story.

Imagery: This refers to the language that appeals to the reader’s five senses. These details help the reader see, smell,
hear, taste and touch what is being described.

Figurative Language: When writers use words or phrases to help readers picture ordinary things in new ways, the
language used is figurative.

FICTION
Fiction is make-believe, invented stories. They Types of fiction
may be short stories, fables, vignettes, plays,
novellas, or novels. Although writers may base a 1. Realistic fiction
character on people they have met in real life, the 2. Fantasy fiction
characters and the experiences that the character 3. Science fiction
faces in the story are not real. 4. Tall tale
5. Myth
6. Fable
Literary Devices 7. Folktale
8. Fairy Tale
Elements of Fiction 9. Mystery
10. Historical fiction
Techniques of Fiction

ELEMENTS OF FICTION

1. Characters 2. Setting 3. Plot 4. Point of view 5. Theme

1. Character - There are two meanings for "character": 1) a person in a fictional story; or 2) qualities of
a person.
1) People in a work of fiction can be a(n):
• Protagonist - Clear center of story; all major events are important to this character. • Antagonist -
Opposition or "enemy" of main character.
2) Characteristics of a character can be revealed through:
• his/her physical appearance
• what he/she says, thinks, feels, dreams and what he/she does or does not do
• what others say about him/her and how others react to him/her
3) Characters can be.
•Round - Fully developed personalities that are affected by the story's events; they can learn, grow,
or deteriorate by the end of the story. Characters are most convincing when they resemble real people
by being consistent, motivated, and life-like.
• Flat - One-dimensional character
• Dynamic - Character who does go through change and "grows" during a story
• Static - Character does not go through a change