Repaso fisica: 5.

1 Work

1. Work:
 Is the (magnitude of the force) times the (magnitude of the displacement)

Work=(Force)*(Displacement)

Units of work=joules (J)

 Work (units Joules J) =Force (units newton N) *displacement (units meters) W=F*D
 Work is a scalar it has only magnitude no direction
a) Positive work- force is in the direction of the motion. parallel

b) Negative work- Forces opposes motion. perpendicular

Positive or negative work:

1. Force is in direction of motion= positive work

2. Force opposes motion= negative work
3. Force is 90ᣞto motion= No work because is perpendicular line
4. Object is not in motion= no work

Work net= Fnet *displacement *cos ϴ

Work net= (Fnet )(d)( cos ϴ)

Exercises:

1. How much work is done on a vacuum cleaner pulled 3.0 m by a force of 50.0N at an angle of 30 ᣞ
above the horizontal.

2. A shopper in the supermarket pushes a car with a force of 35N directed at an angle of 25 ᣞ
downward from the horizontal. Find the work done by the shopper on the cart as the shopper
moves along a 50m length.
 3. A 20kg suitcase is raised 3.0 m above a platform. How much work is done on the suitcase?

Section 5.2 Energy

1. Kinetic energy (KE): The energy of an object that is associated with the objects motion.

Kinetic Energy = (½ )(mass)(velocity)² KE= 0.5 (m)( v)²

m= mass and v= velocity speed

Units of kinetic energy are:

 kg.m²/s²  Newton*meter  Jules
Exercise:
1. A 6.00kg cat runs after a mouse at 10m/s. What is the cat kinetic energy?

2. Work-kinetic energy theorem is the net work done on an object is equal to the change in the
kinetic energy. net work= change in kinetic energy
W net = ∆ KE

Kinetic energy examples Potential energy examples

Electrical energy Moving electrons
Radiant energy Moving waves Chemical potential energy Food
Thermal energy heat
Elastic potential energy Rubber band
Sound energy
Gravitational potential en Anything off the ground

Nuclear potential energy Splitting a nucleus

3. Potential Energy:
 Is store energy
 The energy associated with an object because of its interaction with the environment
 Depends on the properties of an object and the interaction with its environment.
 Ex. A book held above the desk
 Gravitational energy
 Elastic energy
 Electromagnetic energy
 a. Gravitational potential energy:
 Gravitational potential energy depends on : height from a zero level.
 The potential energy associated with objects position relative to a gravitational source

Peg=mgh

Gravitational potential energy= mass x free fall acceleration x height

b. Elastic potential energy:

 The energy stored in any deformed elastic object, such as a compressed spring or
stretched rubber band.

Elastic potential energy

1
P Eelastic = K X²
2
1
P Eelastic = ∗( spring constant )∗( distance compressed∨stretched)²
2
K= spring constant or force constant the units are N/m newtons divided by meters

Exercise:

1. A 6.0 kg cat runs after a mouse at 10.0 m/s . What is the cats kinetic energy?

2. A pinball bangs against a bumper , giving the ball a speed of 42m/s. If the ball has a mass of
50.0kg. What is the ball kinetic energy in joules?

3. What is the speed of a 0.145 kg baseball if its kinetic energy is 109 J?

Chapter 5.3 Conservation of energy
Conserve means remains constant.

Example of conserve energy is mass. The doesn’t change .

Mechanical energy:

 Is the sum of kinetic energy (and all forms of potential energy.(store energy)
Mechanical energy
ME= KE + ∑PE

 Mechanical energy is often conserved.

 Mechanical energy is not conserve in the presence of friction.

Conservation of mechanical Energy

ME i=ME f

Initial mechanical energy= final mechanical energy

In the absence of friction