Buku Manajemen Bengkel Fix Ban 2

BAB II
KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA

LABOLATORIUM DAN BENGKEL
A. Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja

7YEXY TIQMOMVER HER YTE]E YRXYO QIRNEQMR OIYXYLER HER OIWIQTYVREER NEWQERM
QEYTYRVSLERMXIREKEOIVNEOLYWYWR]EHERQERYWMETEHEYQYQR]EWIVXELEWMPOEV]E
HERFYHE]EYRXYOQIRYNYQEW]EVEOEXEHMPHERQEOQYVQIVYTEOERJMPSWSJMHEVM/
1ERKOYRIKEVE WIHERKOER HEVM WIKM TERHERK OIMPQYER TIRKIVXMER / EHEPEL
7IQYEMPQYHERTIRIVETERR]EYRXYOQIRGIKELXIVNEHMR]EOIGIPEOEEROIVNETIR]EOMX
EOMFEXOIVNE4%/ OIFEOEVERTIPIHEOERHERTIRGIQEVERPMRKOYRKER,IFFMI-PQE
%H^MQ

/IWILEXEROIVNE(Occupational health)QIVYTEOERFEKMERHEVMOIWILEXERQEW]EVEOEX
]ERK FIVOEMXER HIRKER WIQYE TIOIVNEER MRWXEPEWM HM VYERK FIRKOIP ]ERK
QIQTIRKEVYLM OIWILEXER TIOIVNE &ELE]E TIOIVNEER EOMFEX OIWEPELER TVEOXMO
WITIVXM LEPR]E QEWEPEL OIWILEXER PMRKOYRKER PEMR FIVWMJEX EOYX EXEY OLVSRMW HER
IJIOR]E QYRKOMR WIKIVE XIVNEHM EXEY TIVPY [EOXY PEQE )JIO XIVLEHET OIWILEXER
HETEXWIGEVEPERKWYRKQEYTYRXMHEOPERKWYRK/IWILEXEROIVNETIVPYHMTIVLEXMOER
WIPEMR HETEX QIRMRKOEXOER XMRKOEX TVSHYOXMJMXEW OIWILEXER OIVNE XIVWIFYX HETEX
QIQFIVMOEROIR]EQERERFEKMTVEOXMOER7EWEVEROIWILEXEROIVNEOLYWYWR]EEHEPEL
TEVETVEOXMOERHERTIVEPEXEROIVNEHMPMRKOYRKERFIRKOIP-RWXEPEWM0MWXVMO8YNYERHEVM
OIWILEXEROIVNEEHEPEL
1IQIPMLEVE HER QIRMRKOEXOER HIVENEX OIWILEXER TIOIVNE HM
FIRKOIPPEFSVEXSVMYQ OIXMRKOEX ]ERK WIXMRKKMXMRKKMR]E FEMO JMWMO QIRXEP
QEYTYROIWILEXERWSWMEP
1IRGIKEL XMQFYPR]E KERKKYER OIWILEXER TIOIVNE ]ERK HMEOMFEXOER SPIL
XMRHEOEROSRHMWMPMRKOYRKEROIVNER]E
1IQFIVMOERTIVPMRHYRKERFEKMTVEOXMOERHEPEQTIOIVNEERR]EHEVMOIQYRKOMRER
FELE]E]ERKHMWIFEFOERSPILJEOXSVJEOXSV]ERKQIQFELE]EOEROIWILEXER
1IRIQTEXOER HER QIQIPMLEVE TVEOXMOER HM FIRKOIP -RWXEPEWM 0MWXVMO WIWYEM
HIRKEROIQEQTYERJMWMOHERTWMOMWTVEOXMOER

MANAJEMEN BENGKEL DAN LABORATORIUM YANG SEHAT DAN SELAMAT BERBASIS 5S 95

/SRWIT OIWILEXER OIVNE HI[EWE MRM WIQEOMR FER]EO FIVYFEL FYOER WIOIHEV
“kesehatan pada sektor industri” saja melainkan juga mengarah kepada upaya
OIWILEXERYRXYOWIQYESVERKHEPEQQIPEOYOERTIOIVNEERR]EXSXEPLIEPXLSJEPPEX
[SVO 1ERENIQIR /IWILEXER HER /IWIPEQEXER /IVNE /IWIPEQEXER OIVNE EXEY
3GGYTEXMSREP 7EJIX] HEPEQ MWXMPEL WILEVM LEVM WIVMRK HMWIFYX HIRKER WEJIX] WENE
WIGEVE JMPSWSJM HMEVXMOER WIFEKEM WYEXY TIQMOMVER HER YTE]E YRXYO QIRNEQMR
OIYXYLER HER OIWIQTYVREER FEMO NEWQERMEL QEYTYR VSLERMEL XIREKE OIVNE TEHE
OLYWYWR]E HER QERYWME TEHE YQYQR]E WIVXE LEWMP FYHE]E HER OEV]ER]E 7IKM
OIMPQYER HMEVXMOER WIFEKEM WYEXY TIRKIXELYER HER TIRIVETERR]E HEPEQ YWELE
QIRGIKELOIQYRKOMRERXIVNEHMR]EOIGIPEOEERHERTIR]EOMXEOMFEXOIVNE

4IRKIVXMER /IGIPEOEER /IVNE EGGMHIRX EHEPEL WYEXY OINEHMER EXEY TIVMWXM[E ]ERK
XMHEO HMMRKMROER ]ERK QIVYKMOER XIVLEHET QERYWME QIVYWEO LEVXE FIRHE EXEY
OIVYKMER XIVLEHET TVSWIW 4IRKIVXMER ,EQTMV 'IPEOE ]ERK HEPEQ MWXMPEL WEJIX]
HMWIFYXHIRKERMRWMHIR(incident), ada juga yang menyebutkan dengan istilah “near
miss” atau “nearaccident”, adalah suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang tidak
HMMRKMROER HMQERE HIRKER OIEHEER ]ERK WIHMOMX FIVFIHE EOER QIRKEOMFEXOER
FELE]EXIVLEHETQERYWMEQIVYWEOLEVXEFIRHEEXEYOIVYKMERXIVLEHETTVSWIWOIVNE

Gambar 48. Logo K3
3,7%7 EHEPEL WYEXY WXERHEV MRXIVREWMSREP YRXYO WMWXIQ QERENIQIR /IWILEXER
HER /IWIPEQEXER /IVNE (MXIVFMXOER FIVXYNYER YRXYO QIRKIPSPE EWTIO OIWILEXER HER
OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE / HEVMTEHE OIEQERER TVSHYO 3,7%7 QIR]IHMEOER
OIVERKOE FEKM IJIOXMJMXEW QERENIQIR / XIVQEWYO OIWIWYEMER HIRKER TIVEXYVER
TIVYRHERKYRHERKER]ERKHMXIVETOERTEHEEOXMJMXEWOIVNEHERQIRKIREPMEHER]EFELE]E
FELE]E]ERKHMXMQFYPOERHEVMOIVNEXIVWIFYX
96 MANAJEMEN BENGKEL DAN LABORATORIUM YANG SEHAT DAN SELAMAT BERBASIS 5S

Gambar 49. Poster K3
0EFSVEXSVMYQQIVYTEOERWEVEREYRXYOQIRYRNERKHERQIRKIQFERKOEREXEWXISVM]ERK
HMOYEWEMR]EYRXYOQIQIRYLMTIVW]EVEXERWXERHEVMRXIVREWMSREPQEOEPEFSVEXSVMYQLEVYW
QIQIRYLM OIXIRXYER HEPEQ Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) 1992 HER Approved
Code of Practice no: L24. /IR]EQERERTVEOXMOHMHEPEQPEFSVEXSVMYQEOERQIQTIRKEVYLM
LEWMPTVEOXMOMXYWIRHMVMYRXYOMXYHMTIVPYOERTIVERGERKERPEFSVEXSVMYQ]ERKQIQIRYLM
WXERHEV&IFIVETETIVW]EVEXER]ERKLEVYWHMTIRYLMSPILPEFSVEXSVMYQQIPMTYXM
8IQTEX OIVNE TIVEPEXER XIXET HER TIVEFSXERR]E QEYTYR TIVEPEXER HER WMWXIQR]E
]ERK XIVMRXIKVEWM EXEY XEQFELER LEVYW XIVE[EX HIRKER FEMO XIXET FIVWML HEPEQ
OIEHEER IJMWMIR HEPEQ YVYXER OIVNE ]ERK IJMWMIR HER HEPEQ OSRHMWM FEMO HER
WIFEMOR]EHMFIVMWMWXIQGEHERKERHIRKERTIQIPMLEVEERXIVIRGEREHERTIRGEXEXER
]ERK WIWYEM WIHERKOER YRXYO TIQIPMLEVEER QIPMTYXM MRWTIOWM TIR]IXIPER
TIPYQEWERTIQFIVWMLERWIPYVYLTIVEPEXERHERTIVPIRKOETERPEFSVEXSMYQ
%XQSWJIV PEFSVEXSVMYQ QIPMTYXM FIFIVETE TIVW]EVEXER ]EMXY OSRHMWM WIOIPMPMRK
PEFSVEXSVMYQ LEVYW XIVTIPMLEVE HIRKER GEVE QIQFYOE NIRHIPE QIQEWERK OMTEW
ERKMRHMHMRHMRKEXEYPERKMXPERKMXHERQIQEWERK%'YRXYOQIQFIVMOIWINYOERYHEVE
HM PEFSVEXSVMYQ NMOE ZIRXMPEWM HMTIVPYOER YRXYO QIPMRHYRKM TEVE TIVWSRIP
PEFSVEXSVMYQ
WMWXIQR]E LEVYW HMTEWERKM EPEVQ TIRHIXIOWM OIKEKEPER QEQTY QIQEWSO YHEVE
FIVWML PMXIVHIXMOTIOIVNE HMVE[EX HMFIVWMLOER HER OMRIVNER]E HMTIVMOWE WIGEVE
VYXMR
8IQTIVEXYV XIQTEX OIVNE WIPEQE NEQ OIVNE LEVYW QIQIRYLM TIVW]EVEXER WITIVXM
YRXYOTIOIVNEERRSVQEP'* YRXYOTIOIVNEERFIVEX'* ETEFMPE
HM HEPEQ PEFSVSXSVYQ XIVHETEX TIQEREW EXEY TIRHMRKMR QEOE XMHEO FSPIL

QIRKLIQFYWOER YET ]ERK FIVFELE]E WINYQPEL XIVQSQIXIV HMTEWERK HMHEPEQ
PEFSVEXSVMYQ
4IRGELE]EER LEVYW QIQEHEM HER QIRGYOYTM NMOE QIQYRKOMROER QIQERJEEXOER
GELE]E EPEQM PEQTY HEVYVEXLEVYW HMTEWERK YRXYO FIVNEKENEKE WIERHEMR]E PEQTY
YXEQEQIRKEPEQMOIKEKEPERHERQIRMQFYPOERFELE]E
4IVE[EXER (house keeping) XIQTEX OIVNE TIVEFSXER HER JMXXMRK LEVYW XIXET FIVWML
HMRHMRKPERXEMHERPERKMXPERKMXLEVYWXIXETFIVWMLQIQIVMOWETIRYQTYOERHIFYHM
EXEWTIVQYOEERHEXEVXIVYXEQETEHEWVYOXYVFERKYRERFEPSOKMVHIVTIRSTERKEXET
HERWIFEKEMR]EHMRHMRK]ERKHMGEXLEVYWHMFIVWMLOERHERHMGEXYPERKWIGEVEFIVOEPE
QMWEPR]E QEWMRKQEWMRK FYPER HER XELYR PERXEM LEVYW HMFIVWMLOER HIRKER
GEVEQIR]ETYHERQIRKITIPQMRMQEPWIQMRKKYWIOEPM WEQTELNERKERQIRYQTYO
OEVIRE HETEX QIRMQFYPOER VIWMOS OIWILEXER HER OIFEOEVER WEQTEL LEVYW
HMPIXEOOER TEHE XIQTEXR]E XIQTEX WEQTEL LEVYW XELER XIVLEHET ETM XYQTELER
LEVYWHMFIVWMLOERQIRKKYREOERQEXIVMEP]ERKHETEXQIR]IVETHIRKERFEMO
Workstation:LEVYWR]EQERYRXYOWIQYE]ERKFIOIVNEHMWEREQIQMPMOMTMRXYHEVYVEX
]ERK HMXERHEM HIRKER NIPEW PERXEM LEVYW XIXET FIVWML HER XMHEO PMGMR FELE]E
WERHYRKER HMWMRKOMVOER FIOIVNE TEHE TSWMWM OEOY HER NERKKEP WIFEMOR]E XMHEO
HMPEOYOERXIVPEPYPEQEFIRHEFIRHEOIVNEHERQEXIVMEPOIVNELEVYWQYHELHMVEMLHEVM
TSWMWMOIVNE
8IQTEX HYHYO HM QERETYR TIOIVNEER HMPEOYOER XIQTEX HYHYO LEVYW XIVWIHME
XIQTEX HYHYO LEVYW WIWYEM HIRKER NIRMW TIOIVNEERR]E HER QIQMPMOM WERHEVER
TYRKKYRK HER TIRYQTY OEOM (foot rest) LEVYW TEHE OSRHMWM ]ERK FEMO NMOE XIVNEHM
OIVYWEOERLEVYWHMTIVFEMOMEXEYHMKERXM
0ERXEM LEVYW XMHEO HMFIVM FIFER FIVPIFML VEXE HER QYPYW XMHEO FIVPYFERK
FIVKIPSQFERK EXEY VYWEO ]ERK QYRKOMR QIR]IFEFOER FELE]E WERHYRKER FIFEW
LEQFEXERHEVMFEVERKFEVERKHMPIXEOOERHMXIQTEX]ERKXIPELHMXIRXYOERXMHEOPMGMR
QIQMPMOMWEVEREdrainase]ERKQIQEHEMNMOEEHEOIQYRKOMRERXIVOIREEMVQIQMPMOM
TIQMWEL ERXEVE NEPYVNEPYV PEPYPMRXEW HER TINEPER OEOM FIVYTE hand rail TIRKLEPERK
EXEYQEVOEPERXEMQIQMPMOMTIRKLEPERKHMWIOMXEVPYFERKEXEYXIQTEX]ERKXIVWIHME
4IQEWERKER OEGE LEVYW QEXIVMEP XVERWTEVER ]ERK HMKYREOER TEHE TMRXY NIRHIPE
HMRHMRK HER WIFEKEMR]E HIRKER PIFEV PIFML HEVM QQ GQ LEVYW FIVYTE
TSPMOEVFSREX KPEW FPSO OEGE ]ERK NMOE TIGEL XMHEO FIVLEQFYVER PIQFEVER OEGE
FIWEVYRXYOTMRXYOIPYEVQEWYO(accessway)LEVYWHMFIVMXERHEEKEVOIPMLEXER
.IRHIPEEXET(skylight)HERZIRXMPEXSVLEVYWHETEXHMFYOEHIRKERQYHELHEREQER
NMOE HMFYOE XMHEO QIR]IQFYPOER WILMRKKE QIQFELE]EOER SVERK ]ERK QIPMRXEWM

LEVYW HETEX HMFIVWMLOER HIRKER EQER OIQYRKOMRER QIRKKYREOER TIVEPEXER
OLYWYW
8SMPIXLEVYWQIQMPMOMMHIRXMJMOEWM]ERKNIPEWHERQYHELHMEOWIWHMTMWELOERERXEVE
TVMEHER[ERMXEQIRKYXEQEOERTVMZEWMHMEXYVWIHIQMOMERVYTEWILMRKKEYVMREPXSMPIX
TVMEXMHEOXIVPMLEXHEVMPYEVNMOETMRXYXSMPIXXIVFYOEHMTEWERKMOEGEFYVEQHMNIRHIPE
EXEYHMFIVMXMVEMHMNEKEOIFIVWMLERHEROIVETMERR]EFIVZIRXMPEWMHERFIVTIRIVERKER
GYOYT VYERK ERXEVE XSMPIX HER XIQTEX OIVNEXIQTEX YQYQ LEVYW HMFIVM VIRXMPEWM
HMPIRKOETMHIRKERJEWMPMXEWGYGMXERKERHERTIRKIVMRKR]EOYFMOIP;' LEVYWHETEX
HMOYRGM HEVM HEPEQ GYOYT PYEW YRXYO QIQFIVMOER TVMZEWM HMPIRKOETM HIRKER XMWY
NYQPELJEWMPMXEWXSMPIX]ERKLEVYWHMWIHMEOERHEPEQTVIQMWEOLMVXELYR FIVMOYX
QIVYTEOERXEFIPTIVFERHMRKERNYQPELTIOIVNEHIRKERNYQPEL;'
Tabel 7. Perbandingan Jumlah Pekerja dengan Jumlah WC
(Pria dan Wanita Menurut Premis Akhir Tahun 1992)
Jumlah Maksimum Pekerja Jumlah WC Jumlah Washbasin

WIXIPELMXYWEXY;'HERWEXY[EWLFEWMRTIVHYETYPYLPMQESVERK

Tabel 8. Perbandingan Jumlah Pekerja dengan Jumlah WC
(Pria dan Wanita Menurut Premis Awal Tahun 1993)
Jumlah Maksimum Pekerja Jumlah WC

WIXIPELMXYWEXY;'TIVHYETYPYLPMQESVERKNMOEYVMREPHMWIHMEOERYRXYOTVME
NYQPEL ;' FIVOYVERK WEXY &IVMOYX EHEPEL KEQFEV MPYWXVEWM OEQEV QERHM
7YQFIV%PJVIH*VIHH]1ERMO

Gambar 50. Ilustrasi Kamar Mandi
*EWMPMXEWTIRGYGMERHMXIQTEXOERHMHEPEQEXEYHIOEXXSMPIXHEREXEYOEQEVKERXM
HETEXHMGETEMHIRKERQYHELHMPIRKOETMHIRKEREMVTEREWHEREMVHMRKMRHMPIRKOETM
WEFYRHERLERHYOEXEYGEVETIRKIVMRKERPEMRHMPIRKOETMZIRXMPEWMHERTIRIVERKER
]ERKGYOYTWIPEPYFIVWMLHERVETMHMTMWELOERERXEVETVMEHER[ERMXEOIGYEPMYRXYO
QIRGYGMQYOEHERXERKERWIXMETWITYPYL;'WEXY[EWLFEWMR
4EWSOER EMV QMRYQ QIRGYOYTM HETEX HMQMRYQ QYHEL XIVNERKOEY HER WIPEPY
XIVWIHMEHMFIVMXERHEHIRKERNIPEWHERTIRIQTEXERR]EXITEXHMXYPMWMEMVQMRYQEXEY
PEFIPHMOVERR]EHMPIRKOETMHIRKERKIPEWEXEY[EHELPEMRR]E
/EQEVKERXMHMWMETOERERXEVETVMEHER[ERMXEHMPIRKOETMHIRKERFERKOYTERNERK
JEWMPMXEWEPQEVMTIR]MQTERHERJEWMPMXEWTIRGYGMERNMOEQIQYRKOMROERGYOYTPYEW
YRXYO QIRKEOSQSHEWM WINYQPEL TIOIVNE ]ERK EOER QIRKKERXM TEOEMER WIGEVE
FIVWEQEER.SLR6MHPI]
B. Penyebab Kecelakaan Kerja
4IR]IFEF(EWEVOIGIPEOEEROIVNE
E /YVERKR]E4VSWIHYV%XYVER
F /YVERKR]E7EVERE
G /YVERKR]E/IWEHEVER
H /YVERKR]E/ITEXYLER
4IR]IFEF8MHEO0ERKWYRK
E *EOXSV4IOIVNEER
F *EOXSV4IVWSREP
4IR]IFEF0ERKWYRK
E 8MRHEOER8MHEO%QER
F /SRHMWM8MHEO%QER
/IGIPEOEER/IVNEXIVNEHM
E /SRXEO(IRKER7YQFIV&ELE]E
F /IKEKEPER*YRKWM
/IVYKMER
E 1ERYWME'IHIVE/IVEGYRER'EGEX/IQEXMER4%/
F 1IWMR%PEX/IVYWEOER1IWMR%PEX
G 1EXIVMEP&ELER8IVGIQEV6YWEO4VSHYO+EKEP
H 0MRKOYRKER8IVGIQEV6YWEO&IRGERE%PEQ
C. Potensi Bahaya Laboratorium dan Bengkel
&IVOEMXER HIRKER JEOXSV ]ERK QIQTIRKEVYLM OSRHMWM OIWILEXER OIVNE WITIVXM
HMWIFYXOER HMEXEW HEPEQ QIPEOYOER TIOIVNEER TIVPY HMTIVXMQFERKOER FIVFEKEM
TSXIRWM FELE]E WIVXE VIWMOS ]ERK FMWE XIVNEHM EOMFEX WMWXIQ OIVNE EXEY GEVE OIVNE
TIRKKYREERQIWMREPEXHERFELERWIVXEPMRKOYRKERHMWEQTMRKJEOXSVQERYWMER]E
-WXMPELhazardEXEYTSXIRWMFELE]EQIRYRNYOEREHER]EWIWYEXY]ERKTSXIRWMEPYRXYO
QIRKEOMFEXOER GIHIVE EXEY TIR]EOMX OIVYWEOER EXEY OIVYKMER ]ERK HETEX HMEPEQM
SPIL XIREKE OIVNE EXEY MRWXERWM /IQYRKOMRER TSXIRWM FELE]E QIRNEHM QERMJIWX
sering disebut resiko. Baik “hazard” maupun “resiko” tidak selamanya menjadi
FELE]EEWEPOERYTE]ETIRKIRHEPMERR]EHMPEOWEREOERHIRKERFEMO

Gambar 51. Resiko di Tempat Kerja
&IRKOIPMRWXEPEWMPMWXVMOOIWILEXERHEROMRIVNEWIWISVERKTIOIVNEWERKEXHMTIRKEVYLMSPIL
&IFER/IVNEFIVYTEFIFERJMWMOQIRXEPHERWSWMEPWILMRKKEYTE]ETIRIQTEXER
TIOIVNE]ERKWIWYEMHIRKEROIQEQTYERR]ETIVPYHMTIVLEXMOER
/ETEWMXEW /IVNE ]ERK FER]EO XIVKERXYRK TEHE TIRHMHMOER OIXIVEQTMPER
OIWIKEVERNEWQERMYOYVERXYFYLOIEHEERKM^MHERWIFEKEMR]E
0MRKOYRKER /IVNE WIFEKEM FIFER XEQFELER FEMO FIVYTE JEOXSV JMWMO OMQME
FMSPSKMOIVKSRSQMOQEYTYREWTIOTWMOSWSWMEP

/IXMKE OSQTSRIR XIVWIFYX WIVEWM QEOE EOER XIVGETEM WYEXY OIWILEXER HER
OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE ]ERK STXMQEP 7IFEPMOR]E FMPE XIVHETEX OIXMHEOWIVEWMER HETEX
QIRMQFYPOERQEWEPELOIWILEXEROIVNEFIVYTETIR]EOMXEXEYTYROIGIPEOEEREOMFEX
OIVNE]ERKTEHEEOLMVR]EEOERQIRYVYROERTVSHYOXMJMXEWOIVNE
D. Pengendalian Sumber Bahaya di Lingkungan Kerja
4VSWIWTIRKIRHEPMERWYQFIVFELE]EHMPMRKOYRKEROIVNEWERKEXHMYXEQEOER,EPMRM
HETEXQIRHYOYRKTVSHYOXMJMXEWOIVNEHEROIEQERERTIOIVNEMXYWIRHMVM4IVPYHMFYEX
WIQEGEQMHIRXMJMOEWMFELE]EOIVNE]ERKQIPMTYXMLEPLEPWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
1. Sumber bahaya (hazard)
7YQFIVFELE]Ehazard EHEPEL WIWYEXY]ERKHETEXQIR]IFEFOERGMHIVEEXEY
OIVYWEOER FEMO XILEHET TEVE TIOIVNE QIWMR HER LEP PEMR ]ERK FIVWERKOYXER
HIRKERTVSWIWTVSHYOWM7IWYEXYEXEYLEP]ERKHETEXQIR]IFEFOERGMHIVEEXEY
OIVYWEOER FEMO XILEHET TEVE TIOIVNE QIWMR HER LEP PEMR ]ERK FIVWERKOYXER
HIRKERTVSWIWTIOIVNEERTVSHYOWM,EÊVHHMHIJMRMWMOERWIFEKEMWYEXYTSXIRWM
FEL[E HEVM WYEXY YVYXER OINEHMER EOER XMQFYP WYEXY OIVYWEOER EXEY HEQTEO
]ERKQIVYKMOER

Gambar 52. Sumber Bahaya
Hazard WYQFIV FELE]E EHEPEL WYQFIV WMXYEWM EXEY XMRHEOER ]ERK FIVTSXIRWM
QIRGMHIVEMQERYWMEEXEYOIPEMRERJMWMOEXEYQIRXEP]ERKXIVMHIRXMJMOEWMFIVEWEPHEVM
EXEY FIVXEQFEL FYVYO OEVIRE OIKMEXER OIVNE EXEY WMXYEWM ]ERK XIVOEMX HIRKER
TIOIVNEER &EL[E WYQFIV FELE]E HEPEQ X IVQMRSPSK] OIWIPEQXER HER OIWILEXER
OIVNEHETEXHMFEKMQIRNEHMHYE ]EMXYWIFEKEMFIMOYX


a. Bahaya Keselamatan Kerja ( safety hazard)

Gambar 53. Bahaya Saat Kerja
&ELE]EOIWIPEQEXEROIVNEWEJIX]LEÊVH EHEPELNIRMWFELE]E]ERKFIVHEQTEO

TEHE XMQFYPR]E OIGIPEOEER ]ERK HETEX QIR]IFEFOER PYOE MRNYV] LMRKKE
OIQEXMERWIVXEOIVYWEOERTVSTIVX].IRMWFELE]EOIWIPEQEXERERXEVEPEMR]EMXY

&ELE]EQIOERMOHMWIFEFOEQSPILQIWMREXEYEPEXOIVNEQIOERMOWITIVXM
XIVNEXYLXIVXMRHMLHERXIVTIPIWIX
&ELE]E)PIOXVMOHMWIFEFOERTIVPEXER]ERKQIRKERHYRKPMWXVMO
&ELE]E /IFEOEVER HMWIFEFOER SPIL WYFWXERWM OMQME ]ERK FIVWMJEX QYHEL
XIVFEOEV
&ELE]ETIPIHEOERHMWIFEFOERSPILWYFXERWMOMQME]ERKWMJEXR]EI\TPSWMZI
b. Bahaya Kesehatan Kerja ( health hazard)

Gambar 54. Bahaya Kesehatan

&ELE]E /IWILEXER /IVNELIEPXL LEÊVH EHEPEL NIRMW FELE]E ]ERK FIVHEQTEO
TEHE OIWILEXER ]ERK QIR]IFEFOER KERKKYER OIWILEXER HER TIR]EOMX EOMFEX
OIVNE.IRMWFELE]EOIWILEXERERXEVEPEMR]EMXY
&ELE]EJMWMOERXEVEPEMROIFMWMRKERKIXEVERWYLYIOWXVMQHER
TIRGELE]EEER
&ELE]EOMQMEERXEVEPEMR]ERKFIVOEMXERHIRKERQEXIVMEPWITIVXMEIVSWSP
HYWXHERJYQIW
&ELE]EIVKSRSQMERXEVEPEMRKIVEOERFIVYPERKQERYEPLERHPMRK
&ELE]E&MSPSKMERXEVEPEMRFIVOEMXERHIRKERQELPYOLMHYT]ERKFIVEWEP
HEVMPMRKOYRKEROIVNEWITIVXMFEOXIVMZMVYWHERNEQYV
&ELE]E4WMOSPSKMERXEVEPEMR]ERKFIVOEMXERHIRKERFIFEROIVNE]ERK
FIKMXYFIVEXHERLYFYRKEROSRHMWMOIVNE]ERKXMHEOR]EQER
2. Resiko (risk)
/IWIQTEXER YRXYO XIVNEHMR]E OIVYKMER FELE]E HER TIVQEWEPELER HEPEQ TVSWIW
TVSHYOWM6IWMOSWERKEXQYRKOMRXIVNEHMHEPEQWIQYETVSWIWTVSHYOWMFEMOFIRKOIP
QEYTYRTEFVMO&IVFEKEMGSRXSLVIWMOSERXEVEPEMR
E :EVMEWMMRHMZMHY]ERKFIVLYFYRKERHIRKEROIVIRXERER
F .YQPELQERYWME]ERKXIVTENER
G *VIOYIRWMTIQENERER
H (IVENEXVMWMOSMRHMZMHY
I /IQYRKOMRERTIRKIRHEPMERFELE]E
J /IQYRKOMRERYRXYOQIRGETEMXMRKOEX]ERKEQER
K %WTIOJMRERWMEPMRHMZMHY
L 4IRHETEXQEW]EVEOEX
M 8ERKKYRKNE[EFWSWMEP

7IQYE TIVQEWEPELER HMEXEW LEVYW HETEX HMOIRHEPMOER WILMRKKE TVSWIW TVSHYOWM
HETEX FIVNEPER WIWYEM HIRKER TVSKVEQ ]ERK XIPEL HMVERGERK HER HETEX
QIQMRMQEPOEROIGIPEOEEROIVNE

Gambar 55. Resiko Di Tempat Kerja
6IWMOS HMHIJMRMWMOER WIFEKEM OIGIRHIVYRKER EOER XIVNEHMR]E WYEXY OINEHMER ]ERK

FIVOEMXERIVEXHIRKERWYEXYEPXIVREXMJTIVWTIOXMJ]EMXYQIREVYLTIVLEXMERETE]ERK
EOERXIVNEHMTEHE[EOXYOIHITERHEROIQYRKOMRERETETIR]IFEFOINEHMERXIVWIFYX
4EHE WEEX WMW[E QIPEOYOER TVEOXMOYQ NYKE EOER QIRMQFYPOER VIWMOS HER
HMTIVXMQFERKOERFIVFEKEMTSXIRWMFELE]EWIVXEVIWMOS]ERKFMWEXIVNEHMEOMFEXWMWXIQ
OIVNEEXEYGEVEOIVNETIRKKYREERQIWMREPEXHERFELERWIVXEPMRKOYRKERHMWEQTMRK
JEOXSVQERYWMER]E
3. Pencahayaan di lingkungan kerja
4IRGELE]EER ]ERK WIWYEM HEPEQ WYEXY VYERK LEVYW HMHETEXOER QEOE HMTIVPYOER
WMWXIQTIRGELE]EER]ERKXITEXWIWYEMHIRKEROIFYXYLERR]E7MWXIQTIRGELE]EER
HMVYERKERXIVQEWYOHMXIQTEXOIVNEHETEXHMFIHEOERQIRNEHMQEGEQ]EMXY
a. Sistem Pencahayaan Langsung (direct lighting)
7MWXIQ MRM GELE]E HMEVELOER WIGEVE PERKWYRK OI FIRHE ]ERK TIVPY
HMXIVERKM 7MWXIQ MRM HMRMPEM TEPMRK IJIOXMJ HEPEQ QIRKEXYV TIRGELE]EER XIXETM
EHE OIPIQELERR]E OEVIRE HETEX QIRMQFYPOER FELE]E WIVXE OIWMPEYER ]ERK
QIRKKERKKYFEMOOEVIRETIR]MREVERPERKWYRKQEYTYROEVIRETERXYPERGELE]E
+YRE QIRHETEXOER IJIO ]ERK STXMQEP HMWEVEROER PERKMPERKMX HMRHMRK WIVXE
FIRHE ]ERK EHE HMHEPEQ VYERKER TIVPY HMFIVM [EVRE GIVEL EKEV XEQTEO
QIR]IKEVOER

Gambar 56.Pencahayaan Langsung
b. Pencahayaan Semi Langsung (semi direct lighting)

7MWXIQMRM GELE]EHMEVELOERPERKWYRKTEHEFIRHE]ERKTIVPYHMXIVERKM
WMWER]EHMTERXYPOEROIPERKMXPERKMXHERHMRHMRK4IRGELE]EERHIRKERWMWXIQMRM
QIQFYEX OIPIQELER WMWXIQ TIRGELE]EER PERKWYRK HETEX HMOYVERKM 0ERKMX
PERKMX HER HMRHMRK ]ERK HMTPIWXIV TYXML QIQMPMOM IJMWMIR TIQERXYPER
WIHERKOERETEFMPEHMGEXTYXMLIJMWMIRTIQERXYPERERXEVE

Gambar 57. Pencahayaan Semi Langsung
c. Sistem Pencahayaan Difus (general diffus lighting)

7MWXIQ MRM WIXIRKEL GELE]E HMEVELOER TEHE FIRHE ]ERK TIVPY HMWMREVM
WMWER]E HMTERXYPOER OI PERKMXPERKMX HER HMRHRK 4IRGELE]EER WMWXIQ MRM
XIVQEWYOWMWXIQdirect-indirect]EORMQIQERGEVOERWIXIRKELGELE]EOIFE[EL
HERWMWER]EOIEXEW7MWXIQMRMQIQMPMOMQEWEPELFE]ERKERHEROIWMPEYER
d. Sistem Pencahayaan Semi Tidak Langsung (semi indirect lighting)
7MWXIQ MRM GELE]E HMEVELOER OI PERKMXPERKMX HER HMRHMRK FEKMER EXEW
WIHERKOERWMWER]EHMEVELOEROIFEKMERFE[EL+YREQIRHETEXOERLEWMP]ERK
STXMQEPHMWEVEROERPERKMXPERKMXTIVPYHMFIVMOERTIVLEXMERWIVXEHMVE[EXHIRKER
FEMO7MWXIQMRMQIQMPMOMQEWEPELFE]ERKERTVEOXMWWIVXEOIWMPEYERREQYRHETEX
HMOYVERKM

Gambar 58. Pencahayaan Semi Tidak Langsung
e. Sistem Pencahayaan Tidak Langsung (indirect lighting)

7MWXIQ MRM GELE]E HMEVELOER OI PERKMXPERKMX HER HMRHMRK FEKMER EXEW
OIQYHMER HMTERXYPOER YRXYO QIRIVERKM WIPYVYL VYERKER 7IPYVYL PERKMXPERKMX
HETEX QIRNEHM WYQFIV GELE]E HIRKER HMFIVMOER TIVLEXMER HER TIQIPMLEVEER
]ERK FEMO /IYRXYRKER WMWXIQ MRM EHEPEL XMHEO QIRMQFYPOER FE]ERKER HER
OIWMPEYER WIHERKOER OIVYKMERR]E QIRKYVERKM IJMWMIR GELE]E XSXEP ]ERK NEXYL
TEHETIVQYOEEROIVNE

Gambar 59. Pencahayaan Tidak Langsung
1IRYVYX &EQFERK 7YLEHVM FEL[E HEPEQ WMWXIQ TIRGELE]EER HM

PMRKOYRKEROIVNENYKEHMFYXYLOERNIRMWNIRMWHEROSQTSRIRWMWXIQTIRGELE]EER
]EMXYWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
1) Lampu Pijar (GLS)
Lampu pijar bertindak sebagai ‘badan abuabu’ yang secara selektif memancarkan
VEHMEWMHERLEQTMVWIPYVYLR]EXIVNEHMTEHEHEIVELREQTEO&SPEPEQTYXIVHMVMHEVM
LEQTEYHEVEEXEYFIVMWMKEW]ERKHETEXQIRKLIRXMOERSOWMHEWMHEVMOE[EXTMNEV
XYRKWXIR REQYR XMHEO EOER QIRKLIRXMOER TIRKYETER ;EVRE KIPET FSPE PEQTY
HMOEVIREOERXYRKWXIR]ERKXIVYETOERQIRKIQFYRTEHETIVQYOEERPEQTY]ERK
VIPEXMJHMRKMR&EQFERK7YLEHVM

Gambar 60. Instruktur Lampu Pijar
+EW inert QIRIOER XIVNEHMR]E TIRKYETER HER WIQEOMR FIWEV FIVEX QSPIOYPR]E
EOER QEOMR QYHEL QIRIOER XIVNEHMR]E TIRKYETER 9RXYO PEQTY FMEWE HIRKER
LEVKE]ERKQYVELHMKYREOERGEQTYVEREVKSRRMXVSKIRHIRKERTIVFERHMRKER
HIRKERGMVMGMVM'MVMGMVMEfficacy –PYQIRW;EXX-RHIOW4IVYFELER;EVRE–%
7YLY;EVRE ,ERKEX/ –/ 9QYV0EQTY –NEQ&EQFERK
7YLEHVM
2) Lampu Tungsten – Halogen
0EQTYLEPSKIREHEPELWINIRMWPEQTYTMNEV0EQTYMRMQIQMPMOMOE[EXTMNEVXYRKWXIR
WITIVXM PEQTY TMNEV FMEWE ]ERK HMKYREOER HM VYQEL XIXETM FSPE PEQTYR]E HMMWM
HIRKERKEWLEPSKIR%XSQXYRKWXIRQIRKYETHEVMOE[EXTMNEVTEREWHERFIVKIVEO
REMO OI HMRHMRK TIRHMRKMR FSPE PEQTY %XSQ XYRKWXIR SOWMKIR HER LEPSKIR
FIVKEFYRK TEHE HMRHMRK FSPE PEQTY QIQFIRXYO QSPIOYP SOWMLEPMHE XYRKWXIR
&EQFERK7YLEHVM

Gambar 61. Lampu Tungsten – Halogen
7YLY HMRHMRK FSPE PEQTY QIRNEKE QSPIOYP SOWMLEPMHE XYRKWXIR HEPEQ OIEHEER
YET1SPIOYPFIVKIVEOOIEVELOE[EXTMNEVTEREWHMQEREWYLYXMRKKMQIQIGELR]E
QIRNEHMXIVTMWELTMWEL%XSQXYRKWXIRHMWMQTEROIQFEPMTEHEHEIVELTIRHMRKMRER
HEVMOE[EXTMNEV–FYOERHMXIQTEX]ERKWEQEHMQEREEXSQHMYETOER4IQIGELER
FMEWER]E XIVNEHM HIOEX WEQFYRKER ERXEVE OE[EX TMNEV XYRKWXIR HER OE[EX XMQEL
QSPMFHIRYQ HMQERE WYLY XYVYR WIGEVE XENEQ HIRKER 'MVMGMVM Efficacy –
PYQIRW;EXX -RHIOW 4IVYFELER ;EVRE – % 7YLY ;EVRE – ,ERKEX /
/ 9QYV0EQTY–NEQ&EQFERK7YLEHVM
3) Lampu Neon
0EQTYRISRLMRKKEOEPMPIFMLIJMWMIRHEVMTEHEPEQTYTMNEVWXERHEVHERHETEX
FIVXELER LMRKKE OEPM PIFML E[IX 1IPI[EXOER PMWXVMO QIPEPYM YET KEW EXEY
PSKEQ EOER QIR]IFEFOER VEHMEWM IPIOXVSQEKRIXMO TEHE TERNERK KIPSQFERK
XIVXIRXY WIWYEM HIRKER OSQTSWMWM OMQME HER XIOERER KEWR]E 8EFYRK RISR
QIQMPMOMYETQIVOYVMFIVXIOERERVIRHELHEREOERQIQERGEVOERWINYQPELOIGMP
VEHMEWMFMVYLMNEYREQYROIFER]EOEREOERFIVYTE9:TEHERQHERRQ
&EQFERK7YLEHVM

Gambar 62. Lampu Neon
Tabel 9. Karakteristik Kinerja Pencahayaan dari Luminer yang

Umum digunakan(Bambang Suhadri, 2008)


1IRYVYX &EQFERK7YLEHVM QIRNIPEWOER FEL[E TEHE WMWXIQ TIRGELE]EER
HMPMRKOYRKER OIVNE MRMHIRKER TIRIVERKER ]ERK XMHEO HMHIWEMR HIRKER FEMO EOER
QIRMQFYPOER KERKKYER EXEY OIPIPELER TIRKPMLEXER WIPEQE OIVNE WILMRKKE EOER
QIQTYR]EM HEQTEO TIRIVERKER ]ERK XMHEO FEMO XIVLEHET TIRKEVYL HER
TIRIVERKER]ERKOYVERKQIQIRYLMW]EVEXEOERQIRKEOMFEXOER]EMXY
E /IPIPELER QEXE WILMRKKE FIVOYVERKR]E HE]E HER IJJMWMIRWM OIVNE TIRKEVYL
OIPIPELERTEHEQEXEXIVWIFYXEOERFIVQYEVEOITEHETIRYVYRERTIVJSVQERWM
OIVNEXIVQEWYO
/ILMPERKERTVSHYOXMZMXEW
/YEPMXEWOIVNEVIRHEL
&ER]EOXIVNEHMOIWEPELER
/IGIPEOEROIVNEQIRMRKOEX
F /IPIPELERQIRXEP
G /IPYLERTIKEPHMHEIVELQEXEHERWEOMXOITEPEHMWIOMXEVQEXE
H /IVYWEOERMRHVEQEXEHERPEMRPEMR

4IRHIOEXER %TPMOEWM 4IRIVERKER HMXIQTEX OIVNE 1IRYVYX&EQFERK 7YLEHVM
QIRNIPEWOER %TPMOEWM TIRIVERKER HMXIQTEX OIVNE WIGEVE YQYQ
HETEXHMPEOYOERQIPEPYMIQTEXTIRHIOEXER]EMXY
(IWEMRXIQTEXOIVNEYRXYOQIRKLMRHEVMQEWEPELTIRIVERKER/IFYXYLER
MRXIRWMXEW TIRIVERKER FEKM TIOIVNE LEVYW WIPEPY HMTIVXMQFERKOER TEHE
[EOXYQIRHIWEMRFERKYRERTIQEWERKERQIWMRQIWMREPEXHERWEVERE
OIVNE (IWEMR MRWXEPEWM TIRIVERKER LEVYW QEQTY QIRKSRXVSP GELE]E
OIWMPEYERTERXYPERHERFE]ERKFE]ERKWIVXEYRXYOXYNYEROIWILEXERHER
OIWIPEQEXEROIVNE
-HIRXMJMOEWM HER TIRMPEMER TVSFPIQ HER OIWYPMXER TIRIVERKER %KEV
QEWEPEL TIRIVERKER ]ERK QYRGYP HETEX HMXERKERM HIRKER FEMO JEOXSV
JEOXSV ]ERK LEVYW HMTIVLMXYRKOER EHEPEL WYQFIV TIRIVERKER TIOIVNE
HEPEQ QIPEOYOER TIOIVNEERR]E NIRMW TIOIVNEER ]ERK HMPEOYOER HER
PMRKOYRKEROIVNEWIGEVEOIWIPYVYLER
4IRKKYREER TIRGELE]EER EPEQM WMERK LEVM 1ERJEEX HEVM TIQEOEMER
GELE]E EPEQM TEHE WMERK LEVM WYHEL HMOIREP HEVM TEHE GELE]E PMWXVMO
REQYRGIRHIVYRKXIVNEHMTIRMRKOEXERTIRKEFEMERXIVYXEQETEHEVYERK
OERXSVQSHIVR]ERKFIVTIR]INYOHERTIVYWELEEROSQIVWMEPWITIVXMLSXIP
TPEÊTIVFIPERNEERHERPEMRPEMR
Tabel 10. Tingkat Pencahayaan
8MRKOEX 'SRXSLGSRXSL%VIE/IKMEXER

TIRIVERKERPY\
4IRGELE]EER 0E]ERERTIRIVERKER]ERKQMRMQYQHEPEQEVIE
9QYQYRXYO WMVOYPEWMPYEVVYERKERTIVXSOSERHMHEIVELXIVFYOE
VYERKERHER LEPEQERXIQTEXTIR]MQTERER
EVIE]ERKNEVERK 8IQTEXTINEPEROEOM
TERKKYRK
HMKYREOER 6YERKFSMPIV
HEREXEYXYKEW ,EPEQER8VEJSVYERKXYRKOYHPP
XYKEWEXEYZMWYEP %VIEWMVOYPEWMHMMRHYWXVMTIVXSOSERHERVYERK

WIHIVLERE TIR]MQTER
0E]ERERTIRIVERKER]ERKQMRMQYQHEPEQXYKEW
1INEHERQIWMROIVNEYOYVERWIHERKTVSWIWYQYQ
HEPEQMRHYWXVMOMQMEHERQEOEREROIKMEXER
QIQFEGEQIQFYEXEVWMT
4IRGELE]EER 4IQIVMOWEEROERXSVYRXYOQIRKKEQFEVTIVEOMXER
YQYQYRXYO QIWMRHERFEKMER]ERKLEPYWTIOIVNEER[EVREXYKEW
MRXIVMSV QIRKKEQFEVOVMXMW
4IOIVNEERQIWMRHERHMEXEWQINE]ERKWERKEXLEPYW
TIVEOMXERQIWMRTVIWMWMOIGMPHERMRWXVYQIR

OSQTSRIRIPIOXVSRMOTIRKYOYVERHERTIQIVMOWEER
FEKMEROIGMP]ERKVYQMX
4IRGELE]EER 4IOIVNEERFIVTVIWMWMHERVMRGMWIOEPMQMWEP
XEQFELERYRXYO MRWXVYQIRX]ERKWERKEXOIGMPTIQFYEXERNEQXERKER
XYKEWZMWYEP TIRKYOMVER
7YQFIV(EVM&EQFERK7YLEHVM
Sistem Ventilasi di lingkungan kerja
:IRXMPEWMQIVYTEOERTVSWIWYRXYOQIRGEXYYHEVEWIKEVOIHEPEQFERKYRERFIRKOIP
HEPEQNYQPEL]ERKWIWYEMOIFYXYLER&IRKOIPFER]EO]ERKOYVERKQIQTIVLEXMOER
WMWXIQ ZIRXMPEWM HEPEQ QIRGMTXEOER OSRHMWM PMRKOYRKER OIVNE ]ERK WIWYEM HIRKER
OIFYXYLER TVSWIW TVSHYOWM QEYTYR OIR]EQERER TIOIVNE 4IQEWERKER WMWXIQ
ZIRXMPEWM XMHEO XITEX HETEX QIR]IFEFOER OIXMHEOR]EQERER EXEY FELOER HETEX
QIRYVYROEROSRHMWMOIWILEXERTIOIVNE&EQFERK7YLEHVM

4IVQEWEPELER ]ERK FIVOEMXER HIRKER WMWXIQ ZIRXMPEWM HM HEPEQ FIRKOIP HMQERE
OSRHMWM PMRKOYRKER OIVNE XMHEO WIWYEM HIRKER OIFYXYLER TVSWIW TVSHYOWM HER
OIR]EQERERTIOIVNEHMWIFEFOEROEVIREXMHEOEHER]ETIVPIRKOETERWMWXIQZIRXMPEWM
TEHE WYEXY TIVEPEXER [EOXY TVSWIW WIHERK FIVPERKWYRK 4IRKIRGIVER XIVLEHET
OSRXEQMRER EXEY TEREW ]ERK HMXMQFYPOER SPIL WYQFIV EOER FIVPERKWYRK WIGEVE
EPEQM 4IVXYOEVER YHEVE WIGEVE EPEQM HMWIFEFOER OIOYEXER ERKMR ]ERK QEWYO
QIPEPYMPYFERKNIRHIPETMRXYTIRKEVYLTIVXYOEVERYHEVEPI[EXZIRXMPEWMEXETEXEY
OEVIRE OIGITEXER HER EVEL ERKMR&EQFERK 7YLEHVM 1IRYVYX &EQFERK
7YLEHVM QIRNIPEWOERTIVQEWEPELER]ERKFIVOEMXERHIRKERWMWXIQZIRXMPEWM
HMHEPEQ MRHYWXVM WILMRKKE EOER FIVHEQTEO TEHE XMHEO OIR]EQERER TIOIVNE EHE
FIFIVETEHEQTEO]ERKEOERHMXMQFYPOER]EMXYWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
a. Tidak ada perlengkapan sistem ventilasi
8MHEOEHER]ETIVPIRKOETERWMWXIQZIRXMPEWMTEHEWYEXYQIWMRTIVEPEXER[EOXY
TVSWIW WIHERK FIVPERKWYRK TIRKIRGIVER XIVLEHET OSRXEQMRER EXEY TEREW
]ERK HMXMQFYPOER SPIL WYQFIV EOER FIVPERKWYRK WIGEVE EPEQM 4IVXYOEVER
YHEVE WIGEVE EPEQM HMWIFEFOER OIOYEXER ERKMR ]ERK QEWYO QIPEPYM PYFERK
NIRHIPETMRXY TIRKEVYL TIVXYOEVER YHEVE PI[EX ZIRXMPEWM EXET EXEY OEVIRE
OIGITEXERHEREVELERKMR4ERGEVERHIFYYETPSKEQEXEYTYRKEWWYOEVYRXYO
HMOIRHEPMOER LER]E HIRKER TIVXYOEVER YHEVE WIGEVE EPEQM &EQFERK
7YLEHVM
b. Sistem ventilasi yang ada kurang memadai
4IQMPMLER XMTI ZIRXMPEWM XMHEO XITEX HER XMHEO WIWYEM HIRKER OIFYXYLER
'SRXSL TEHE WYEXY TVSWIW HMTEWERK canopyhood HIRKER XYNYER EKEV
OSRXEQMRER ]ERK HMTERGEVOER HEVM WYQFIV HETEX HMOIPYEVOER HER XMHEO
QIRGIQEVMXIREKEOIVNE&EQFERK7YLEHVM

Gambar 63. Pemasangan Canopyhood

4IQEWERKER WMWXIQ ZIRXMPEWM ]ERK XMHEO XITEX 'SRXSL KEQFEV ]ERK
QIRYRNYOOER TIQEWERKER WMWXIQ ZIRXMPEWM XMTI WPSX ]ERK HMTEWERK HM FE[EL
XERKOM TVSWIW TIRGIPYTER ]ERK FIVMWM WSPZIR ]ERK QYHEL QIRKYET EQ]P
EGIXEXI OIVNE&EQFERK7YLEHVM

Gambar 64. Ventilasi Sistem Slot

4IQEWERKERWMWXIQZIRXMPEWMXMHEOWIQTYVREETEFMPEYHEVE]ERKHMOIPYEVOEROI
XIQTEXXIVFYOEHEVMWYEXYWMWXIQZIRXMPEWMQIRKERHYRKWINYQPELOSRXEQMRER
WIHERK WMWXIQ ZIRXMPEWM XERTE HMPIRKOETM HIRKER EPEX TIQFIVWML WITIVXM
scrubber, cyclone, bag house filter HER PEMRPEMR OIQYRKOMRER YHEVE XIVWIFYX
WIFEKMER EOER QEWYO OIQFEPM HER QIRGIQEVM PMRKOYRKER OIVNE &EQFERK
7YLEHVM
c. Perencanaan Pipa-Pipa (ductwork) yang Tidak Baik

Gambar 65. Ductwork
&IFIVETEMRHYWXVMXIPELQIQEWERKWMWXIQZIRXMPEWMTEHETVSWIWTVSWIWXIVXIRXY
]ERK HMTIVOMVEOER WIFEKEM WYQFIV HMTERGEVOERR]E OSRXEQMRER HIRKER TMTE
]ERKFIVFIRXYOWIKMIQTEXWITIVXMTEHEKEQFEV]ERKWIHERKFIRXYOTMTE]ERK
FEMOEHEPELTMTEFYPEX&EQFERK7YLEHVM
%HE TMTETMTE ]ERK LEVYW HMFYEX QIQFIPSO elbow ]ERK FIPYQ FER]EO
HMTIVLEXMOER HEPEQ TIQEWERKERR]E WITIVXM XIVPMLEX TEHE KEQFEV ]ERK FIRXYO
elbow ]ERK FEMO FMPE NEVMNEVM elbow PIFML FIWEV HEVM HMEQIXIV duct &EQFERK
7YLEHVM

Gambar 66. Pipa Membelok

4EHE TIQFYEXER TMTETMTE GEFERK FER]EO ]ERK FIVFYEX OIOIPMVYER &IRXYO
TMTETMTE GEFERK ]ERK FEMO FMPE WYHYX ERXEVE TMTE MRHYO HIRKER TMTE GEFERK
WIFIWEVEXEYOYVERK&EQFERK7YLEHVM

Gambar 67. Bentuk Pipa Cabang
d. Pemilihan Fan
&ER]EO TIVYWELEER QIQEWERK JER ]ERK XMHEO XITEX FEMO FIRXYO QEYTYR XIREKE
]ERKHMTIVPYOER%OMFEXR]EOIOYEXERLMWETHMHEPEQHYGXWERKEXOIGMPHIQMOMERTYPE
GETXYVI ZIPSGMX] WILMRKKE WMWXIQ ZIRXMPEWM MRM XMHEO HETEX QIRKLMWET WIPYVYL
OSRXEQMRER ]ERK HMTERGEVOER HEVM WYQFIV FELOER OSRXEQMRER ]ERK EHE
HMLEQFYVOER OI PYEV HER QIRGIQEVM YHEVE PMRKOYRKER OIVNE 1IRYVYX &EQFERK
7YLEHVM QIRNIPEWOER TIQMPMLER WMWXIQ ZIRXMPEWM HMMRHYWXVM EHE FIFIVETE
GSRXSLXMTIWMWXIQZIRXMPEWM]ERKHETEXHMKYREOERYRXYOOITIVPYERSTIVEWMHMHEPEQ
WYEXYMRHYWXVM]EMXYWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
a) Comfort Ventilation
4IVXYOEVER YHEVE EHEPEL QIVYTEOER WYEXY GEVE HMQERE FEKMER HEPEQ WYEXY
VYERKERHMTEREWOEREXEYHMHMRKMROEREXEYQIRKYFELOIPIQFEFERYHEVEYRXYO
QIRKIRHEPMOER WYEXY TVSWIW EXEY QIQFYEX OIEHEER QIRNEHM R]EQER
4IVXYOEVER YHEVE YRXYO QIQFYEX OIEHEER QIRNEHM R]EQER HMOIREP WIFEKEM
comfort ventilation 'SRXSL TIRKKYREER EMV GSRHMXMSR YRXYO QIRMRKOEXOER
TIVEWEER R]EQER HER IREO WIPEQE FIOIVNE 6EWE R]EQER HEPEQ LEP MRM
HMTERHERK WYEXY OILEVYWER HEVM TEHE WYEXY OIFYXYLER &EQFERK 7YLEHVM

b) Dilution Ventilation
&IFERTEREW]ERKXMRKKMTERGEVERKEWEXEYYETEXEYOSRXEQMRERPEMRHMHEPEQ
WYEXY VYERKER HETEX HMOIRHEPMOER HIRKER GEVE QIQEWYOOER YHEVE WIKEV OI
HEPEQ VYERKER XIVWIFYX XIVNEHM TIRKIRGIVER HER QIRKLMWET OI PYEV YHEVE
OSRXEQMRER HEVM PMRKOYRKER OIVNE 'EVE MRM HMWIFYX dilution ventilation 'EVE MRM
WERKEXFEMOYRXYOQIRKIRHEPMOERFIFERTEREWWIVMRKOEPMHETEXHMKYREOERHER
FIVLEWMP HIRKER FEMO YRXYO QIRKIRHEPMOER YET FELER OMQME SVKERMO HM YHEVE
XIQTEX OIVNE EXEY HEVM PEVYXERPEVYXER ]ERK QIRKYET TEHE WYLY OEQEV
&EQFERK7YLEHVM
c) Local Exhaust Ventilation
Local Exhaust Ventilation FIVXYNYERYRXYOQIRKIPYEVOERYHEVEOSRXEQMRERHEVM
WYQFIV XERTE QIQFIVM OIWIQTEXER OITEHE OSRXEQMRER YRXYO QIRKEHEOER
HMJYWM HIRKER YHEVE HM HEPEQ PMRKOYRKER OIVNE 9QYQR]E local exhaust
ventilation HMXIQTEXOER WERKEX HIOEX HIRKER WYQFIV IQMWM 4IRKKYREERR]E
PIFML QIRKYRXYRKOER HMFERHMRKOER HIRKER HMPYXMSR ZIRXMPEXMSR HIRKER
QIRKLMWET OI PYEV OSRXEQMRER HEVM PMRKOYRKER OIVNE HER QIRKIRHETOER
OSRXEQMRER HEPEQ WYEXY OSPIOXSV FIVEVXM QIQFYEX local exhaust ventilation
HMXIQTEXOER WERKEX HIOEX HIRKER WYQFIV IQMWM 4IRKKYREERR]E PIFML
QIRKYRXYRKOER HMFERHMRKOER HIRKER dilution ventilation &EQFERK 7YLEHVM

d) Exhausted Enclosure
/IGITEXER ]ERK WERKEX XMRKKM HEVM OSRXEQMRER ]ERK HMTERGEVOER HEVM WYEXY
WYQFIVHERQIVYTEOERFELER]ERKWERKEXFIVEGYRLEVYWHMOIRHEPMOERHIRKER
TVSWIW MWSPEWM HER WIPERNYXR]E YRXYO ZIRXMPEWM TEHE VYERK XIVWIFYX HMPEOYOER
QIRKKYREOER TIRKIRHEPMER NEVEO NEYL 8IREKE OIVNE ]ERK WI[EOXY[EOXY
QEWYO OI VYERKER XIVWIFYX TIVPY QIRKKYREOER EPEX TIPMRHYRK HMVM HMPIRKOETM
breathing apparatus&EQFERK7YLEHVM

e) Clean Room Ventilation
&IFIVETE TVSWIW MRHYWXVM LEVYW QIRKYWELEOER EKEV HIFY HM HEPEQ VYERKER
OIVNE XIXET HEPEQ OIEHEER FMEWE WITIVXM OIEHEER HM PYEV VYERKER EHEPEL
QIVYTEOER WYEXY QEWEPEL 4EHE TIQFYEXER gyroscopes QMWEPR]E HER NYKE
TIRKKYREERMRWXVYQIRPEMR]ERKQIQIVPYOEREOYVEWMXMRKKMHMOIVNEOERHMHEPEQ
VYERKER ]ERK FIVWML &EQFERK 7YLEHVM 7MWXIQ TIVXYOEVER YHEVE HEVM
FIFIVETE OEQEV ]ERK WEPMRK FIVLYFYRKER HMTEWERK JMPXIV ]ERK QIQTYR]EM
IJMOWMIRWMXMRKKMYRXYOQIQFIVMYHEVEWIKEV]ERKHMXIQTEXOERWIHIOEXQYRKOMR
HIRKER XIQTEX OIVNE *MPXIV QYRKOMR EOER QIRYXYT WEPEL WEXY HMRHMRK WMWM
VYERKER EXEYEXETVYERKERHERHMFYEXPYFERKHMWEPELWEXYWMWMEXEYHMPERXEM
VYERKERYRXYOQIRKIPYEVOEROSRXEQMRER&EQFERK7YLEHVM
Sistem peringatan dini terhadap kebakaran
7MWXIQ TIVMRKEXER HMRM XIVLEHET FELE]E OIFEOEVER EHEPEL WMWXIQ TIVMRKEXER ]ERK
EOER QIQFIVMOER XERHE ETEFMPE XIVHETEX OIFEOEVER7YQFIV OIFEOEVER WERKEXPEL
FER]EOHERFIVEKEQSPILOEVIREMXYTIVPYHMFYEXTIVMRKEXERHMRMOIFEOEVER&IOIVNE
TEHEPMRKOYRKEROIPMWXVMOERWERKEXVE[ERXIVLEHETFELE]EOIFEOEVERFEMOOEVIRE
PMWXVMOWXEXMWQEYTYROEVIREPMWXVMOHMREQMW/IFEOEVERPMWXVMOWIFIREVR]EXMHEOTIVPY
XIVNEHM NMOE W]EVEXW]EVEX TIQEWERKER HER OIEQERERR]E XIVTIRYLM 4EHE WMWXIQ
NEVMRKER PEQE YRXYO WEQTEM TEHE TIQEOEM HMTIVKYREOER WMWXIQ TIRKEQER
FIVXMRKOEXWILMRKKEOIQYRKOMREROIFEOEVERWIFEKEMEOMFEXXMQFYPR]ETEREW]ERK
FIVPIFML WERKEX OIGMP /IFEOEVER XIVNEHM OEVIRE XMRHEOER HEVM TEVE TIQEOEM HE]E
PMWXVMOWIRHMVM]ERKXMHEOTELEQXIRXERKFELE]EPMWXVMO7MWXIQTIVMRKEXERHMRMMRMHETEX
FIVYTEEPEXEPEXTIRKEQERFELE]EOIFEOEVERHMERXEVER]E

a. Smoke detector
Smoke detector EXEY HIXIOXSV EWET EOER FIOIVNE ETEFMPE XIVHETEX EWET TEHE
VYERKER]ERKXIVTEWERKEPEXMRM. Smoke detectorEOERFIOIVNEWIGEVESXSQEXMW
OEVIREHMHEPEQWMWXIQEPEXMRMHMPIRKOETMWIRWSVEWET7IRWSVEWETEOERFIOIVNE
QIRKMVMQOERWMR]EPOITEHEWEPYVEREMV]ERKFMEWER]EXIVLYFYRKHIRKEREPEXMRM
7MR]EP ]ERK HMXIVMQE EOER HMYFEL QIRNEHM TIVMRXEL YRXYO QIR]IQTVSXOER EMV
TEHEWEEXMXYNYKE

Gambar 68. Smoke Detector
b. Fire alarm
Fire alarmEOERFIOIVNEETEFMPEWIRWSVHEVMEPEXMRMHMWIRXYL7IFEKMERFIWEVfire
alarm QIRKKYREOER GEVE WIRXYL HEPEQ TIRKKYREER]E Fire alarm ]ERK
XIVWIRXYL XERKER QERYWME HIRKER GEVE HMTIRGIX EOER QIRKMVMQOER WMR]EP
OITEHE FIP ]ERK OIQYHMER EOER QIRKIPYEVOER FYR]M WMVMRI OIFEOEVER 7LMKMX
4YVRSQS

Gambar 69. Fire Alarm

c. APAR (Fire Extinguisher)
4IVEPEXERMRMQIVYTEOERTIVEPEXERVIEOWMGITEXQYPXMKYREOEVIREHETEXHMTEOEM
YRXYOOIFEOEVERNIRMWFELER]ERKQYHELXIVFEOEVÊXGEMVHEROIFEOEVERHEPEQ
TIVEPEXERPMWXVMO4IVEPEXERMRMQIQTYR]EMYOYVERFIVEXR]E]ERKWIWYEMHIRKER
FIWEVOIGMPR]EVIWMOSOIFEOEVER]ERKQYRKOMRXMQFYPHMHEIVELXIVWIFYX&ELER
]ERK EHE HEPEQ XEFYRK TIQEHEQ ETM XIVWIFYX EHE ]ERK HEVM FELER OMQME
OIVMRK JVEQ FYWE HER '3 &ELER ,EPSR XMHEO QIRHETEX MNMR HMKYREOER HM
-RHSRIWME7LMKMX4YVRSQS

Gambar 70. Fire Extinguisher
&ELER]ERKEHEHEPEQXEFYRKTIQEHEQETMXIVWIFYXEHE]ERKHEVMFELEROMQME
OIVMRKJVEQFYWE'3EMVHERÊXOMQMEFEWEL&ELER,EPSRXMHEOQIRHETEXMNMR
HMKYREOERHM-RHSRIWME%PEXMRMHMXIQTEXOERTEHEXIQTEX]ERKTEPMRKQYRKOMR
XIVNEHM OIFEOEVER XIXETM XMHEO XIVPEPY HIOEX XIVLEHET OIQYRKOMRER XIVOIRE
OIFEOEVER WIRHMVM EXEY SVERKSVERK XIVLEHERK OIXMOE EOER QIRKKYREOERR]E
7LMKMX7YVRSQS
E. Pencegahan Kecelakaan Kerja:
4IRGIKELERXIVNEHMR]EOIGIPEOEEROIVNEHMPEOYOERQIPEPYMFIVFEKEMLEP]EMXY
4IRKIRHEPMER&ELE]E(M8IQTEX/IVNE
E 4IQERXEYER/SRHMWM8MHEO%QER
F 4IQERXEYER8MRHEOER8MHEO%QER
4IQFMREERHER4IRKE[EWER
E 4IPEXMLERHER4IRHMHMOER
F /SRWIPMRK
/SRWYPXEWM
G 4IRKIQFERKER7YQFIV(E]E
7MWXIQ1ERENIQIR
E 4VSWIHYVHER%XYVER
F 4IR]IHMEER7EVEREHER4VEWEVERE
c. 4IRKLEVKEERHER7EROWM
0EFSVEXSVMYQ QIRKERHYRK WINYQPEL FELE]E OLYWYW SPIL OEVIRER]E
QIQFYXYLOERXMRHEOERXMRHEOERTIRGIKELER&IVMOYXEHEPELXEFIPFIFIVETEFELE]E
]ERKHMNYQTEMHMPEFSVEXSVMYQHERXMRHEOERTIRGIKELER]ERKHETEXHMEQFMPQIRYVYX
Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulation 1992

Tabel 11. Bahaya di Laboratorium dan Tindakan Pencegahannya
Lokasi Bahaya Peringatan dan Pencegahan

(MTIP HER 4EOEMPELWEFYRTIP]ERKXMHEOPMGMR
0ERXEM
PMGMR 8YXYTMPERXEMHIRKERQEXVEWERXMWIPMT
.MOEPEGMEXEWFIVEXOEFMRIXHETEXVYFYLWEEXPEGMHMFYOE
0EGM XIVPEPY 7MQTERQYEXER]ERKFIVPIFMLERTEHEPEGMTEPMRKFE[EL
TIRYL 7ERHEVOER OEFMRIX OI HMRHMRK EXEY WEPMRK QIQYRKKYRKM OEFMRIX
/EFMRIXEVWMT PEMRR]E
0EGM 1IQFELE]EOERHERQIRKLEPERKMNEPER
HMFMEVOER 4EWXMOERPEGMXIVXYXYTFMPEXMHEOHMKYREOER
XIVFYOE
/EFIP ]ERK 4MRHELOEREXEYQEWYOOEROIHEPEQVIPOEFIPOLYWYW]ERKVEXEHIRKER
QIPMRXEWM PERXEM
PERXEM
/SRHMWM 0EOYOER MRWTIOWM OSXEO OSRXEO WSOIX OEFIP HER TIVEPEXER PMWXVMO
4IVEPEXER OEFIP HER WIGEVE VYXMR SPIL XIORMWM ]ERK FIVOYEPMJMOEWM HER QIPEOYOER
PMWXVMO PEMRPEMR TIRKKERXMER]ERKVYWEO
4IVEPEXER 1IPEVERK TIRKKYREER TIVEPEXER ]ERK XMHEO FIVLYFYRKER HIRKER
TVMFEHM TIOIVNEER
4IVFEMOER ,ER]EHMPEOYOERSPILXIORMWMFIVOYEPMJMOEWM
TIVEPEXER 4IVEPEXEROIPMWXVMOERLEVYWHMMWSPEWMHIRKERFEMO
&YEXPELPEVERKERQIVSOSO
1IVSOSO 7IHMEOERVYERKOLYWYWQIVSOSOHIRKERJEWMPMXEWQIQEXMOERTYRXYRK
VSOSO
%PEX 4MPMLPELWIWYEMHIRKERNIRMWETM
TIQEHEQ (MMRWTIOWMHERHMTIPMLEVEWIGEVEVYXMR
8MRHEOER
ETM (MTEWERKQIXIVHEVMTIVQYOEERPERXEM
TIRGIKELER
(MXERHEMHIRKERNIPEW
OIFEOEVER 6YXI
8MHEOFSPILXIVLEPERKETETYR
IZEOYEWM
(MOIXELYMSPILWIPYVYLWXEJ
8MHEOFSPILXIVOYRGMHMWITERNERK[EOXY
4MRXY OIPYEV
.MOELEVYWHMOYRGMOEVIREEPEWEROIEQERERWIHMEOERFEPSO(panic bar)
HEVYVEX
EXEYOEGE]ERKQYHELHMTIGELOER
/IVERNERK ,ER]EOIVXEW
-WMR]E
WEQTELOIVXEW 6IWMOSOIFEOEVERHEVMTYRXYRKVSOSOFIVMXERHEHMPEVERKQIVSOSO
&IRHEFIRHEPEMRWIPEMROIVXEWLEVYWHMFYRKOYWXIVTMWELEKEVTIXYKEW
OIFIVWMLERQYHELQIRKEQFMP
/IVERNERKLEVYWXIVFYEXHEVMFELER]ERKWYPMXXIVFEOEV
;SVOWXEXMSR 8EXEPIXEOR]ELEVYWIVKSRSQMW
Display screen
)QMWM 0IZIPWERKEXVIRHELXMHEOFIVIWMOSXIVLEHETOIWILEXERHEROILEQMPER
equipment
VEHMEWM
:IRXMPEWM .IRHIPE]ERKHETEXHMFYOEHERHMXYXYT
EPEQM
:IRXMPEWM /MTEW ERKMR ]ERK QIRIQTIP TEHE NIRHIPE EXEY HMRHMRK LEVYW EHE
:IRXMPEWM
TIRKEQERFMPELOMTEW
PMWXVMO
/MTEWERKMRFIVHMVM
7MWXIQTIRGELE]EERFYEXERLEVYWHMVERGERKHIRKERFEMO
0IZIP ]ERK 1IRKLMPERKOEROIWMPEYER
4IRGELE]EER
GYOYT 1IRKKYREOERGELE]EEPEQMNMOEQYRKOMR
.MOEWMREVQEXELEVMQIR]MPEYOERTEWERKPELXMVEM

4IRKKYREER TETER TIRERHE OIWIPEQEXER ]ERK FIREV HM XIQTEX OIVNE HETEX
QIRKKEPEOOER MRWXVYOWMMRWXVYOWM HER EXYVEREXYVER OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE QIQFIVM
MRJSVQEWM EXEW VIWMOS HERXMRHEOER TIRGIKELER ]ERK LEVYW HMEQFMP .IRMW FIRXYO HER
[EVRE YRXYO TETER TIRERHE OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE XIVGERXYQ HEPEQ Health dan Safety
Executive, 2009) Safety Sign an Signals Regulation 1996 &IVMOYX QIVYTEOER XEFIP [EVRE
HERQEOREHEVMQEWMRKQEWMRKTIRERHE
Tabel 12. Empat Warna Penanda dan Makna Penanda Keselamatan Kerja
Warna Makna Keterangan

8MRHEOER ]ERK HMTIVPMLEXOER 8-(%/ FSPIL
4IRERHEPEVERKER HMPEOYOER
1IVEL 4IRERHEFIVFELE]E 1IQEXMOER QIRKIZEOYEWM QIRKSTIVEWMOER
4IVEPEXERTIQEHEQETM EPEXEPEXHEVYVEXQIRKLIRXMOERXMRHEOER
-HIRXMJMOEWMTIVEPEXERHERPSOEWMR]E
&IVLEXMLEXM EQFMPPEL XMRHEOER TIRGIKELER
/YRMRK 4IRERHETIVMRKEXER
PEOYOERHIRKERLEXMLEXM
-RWXVYOWM,%697HMMOYXM
&MVY 4IRERHETIVMRXEL
4IVEPEXER]ERKHMXYRNYOOER,%697HMOIREOER
4IRERHE MRJSVQEWM
,MNEY 6YPIOIPYEVHEVYVEXPSOEWMTSW4/
OIWIPEQEXER

4IRERHETIRERHE]ERKHMR]EXEOERHIRKERHIRKER [EVRE[EVREXIVWIFYXHMEXEWXIVHMVM
HEVMHIWEMRHERFIRXYOXIVXIRXY
4IRERHE PEVERKER FIRXYO PMRKOEVER TMOXSKVEQ LMXEQ HM EXEW HEWEV TYXML KEVMW
PMRKOEVER HER HMEKSREP [EVRE QIVEL &IVMOYX EHEPEL KEQFEV TIRERHE PEVERKER
,IEPXLERH7EJIX])\IGYXMZI

Gambar 71. Penanda Larangan
4IRERHETIQEHEQOIFEOEVERTIVWIKMTERNERKEXEYFYNYVWERKOEVTMOXSKVEQTYXML
HMEXEWHEWEVQIVEL7YQFIV,IEPXLERH7EJIX])\IGYXMZI


Gambar 72. Penanda Pemandam Kebakaran
4IRERHE TIVMRKEXER FIRXYO WIKMXMKE TMOXSKVEQ LMXEQ HM EXEW HEWEV OYRMRK
TMRKKMVERFIV[EVRELMXEQ7YQFIV,IEPXLERH7EJIX])\IGYXMZI

Gambar 73. Penanda Peringatan
4IRERHETIVMRXELFIRXYOPMRKOEVERTMOXSKVEQHMEXEWHEWEVFMVY 7YQFIV,IEPXL
ERH7EJIX])\IGYXMZI

Gambar 74. Penanda Perintah
4IRERHE MRJSVQEWM OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE TIVWIKM TERNERK EXEY FYNYV WERKOEV

TMOXSKVEQTYXMLHMEXEWHEWEVLMNEYLEVYWOSRWMWXIRHMWIPYVYLXIQTEXOIVNE7YQFIV
,IEPXLERH7EJIX])\IGYXMZI

Gambar 75. Penanda Informasi Keselamatan Kerja
4IQEWERKER TETER TIRERHE TIVMRKEXER QEWML XIXET TIVPY HMPEOYOER YRXYO
QIRYRNYOOER WMJEX VIWMOS HER XMRHEOER TIRGIKELER ETEFMPE QEWML EHE VIWMOS VIWMHYEP
WIXIPELTIRMPEMERVIWMOS.SLR6MHPI] /SRHMWMEXEYQEXIVMEPXIVXIRXYHMPEFSVEXSVMYQ
HETEX QIRMQFYPOER TIRKEVYL XIVLEHET OIWILEXER TIVWSRIP 1IQELEQM OSRHMWM HER
QEXIVMEPXIVWIFYXFIWIVXEFIRXYOFIRXYOR]E]ERKQIQFELE]EOEREOERQIQFYOEYTE]E
QIRKLMPERKOEREXEYQIRKYVERKMVIWMOS&IFIVETEOEWYWFELE]ER]EHETEXHMOIXELYMHER
KINEPER]EHETEXHMOIREPM&IVMOYXHMFE[ELMRMQIVYTEOERGSRXSLQEXIVMEPHERTIRKEVYL
EXEYVIEOWMXIVLEHETXYFYL
Tabel 13. Pengaruh Kondisi atau Material Terhadap Tubuh
Kondisi/material Reaksi tubuh
.MOE XIVLMVYT HETEX QIR]IFEFOER pneumokoniosisVEHERK TEVY

TEVY (IFYHIFY OLYWYW HETEX QIR]IFEFOER TIR]EOMX OLYWYW
(IFY
EWFIW (asbesiosis, mesotelioma) WMPMOE (silikosis) HIFY FEXYFEVE
(pneumokoniosis)
>EXMRMHETEXQEWYOOIXYFYLQIPEPYMEWYTERGEMVERLMVYTEREWET
TIR]IVETER QIPEPYM OYPMX >EX TIPEVYX HETEX QIRMQFYPOER IJIO
>EXTIPEVYX FMYWTEHEWMWXIQWEVEJIJIOVEGYRTEHESVKERXYFYLLEXMKMRNEP
HER WYQWYQ XYPERK IJIO MVMXEWM QIPEPYM TIRKLERGYVER PIQEO
OYPMX
>EXFIVYTEEWEQHEREPOEPM(ETEXQIRKLERGYVOERNEVMRKERXYFYL
/SVSWMJ (ETEX HMIRGIVOER HIRKER QIQFIVM FER]EO EMV /EWYW OIHYER]E
QIQFYXYLOERTIVXSPSRKERQIHMW
(EPEQ FIRXYO HIFY EXEY GEMVER HETEX FIVIEOWM HIRKER OMPMX HER
-VMXER QIR]IFEFOERHIVQEXMXMW.MOEXIVLMVYTHETEXQIRMQFYPOERMVMXEWM
HERJMFVSWMWTEHETEVYTEVY
1IR]IFEFOER PYOEPYOE HM XERKER HER PIRKER 1IR]IFEFOER
%PEX OIVNE ]ERK
TIR]IQTMXER TIQFYPYL HEVEL HM XERKER HE[EPM HEVM NEVMNEVM
FIVKIXEV
QIQYGEXHERQEXMVEWE
/ILMPERKER TIRHIRKEVER EOMFEX MQFEW FMWMRK (ETEX
/IFMWMRKER
QIR]IFEFOEROITIREXER(fatigue)HERHMWSVMIRXEWM
6IEOWM TWMOSPSKMW XIVLEHET JEOXSVJEOXSV ]ERK FIVEHE HM PYEV
8IOERER OIRHEPM QERYWME WITIVXM XYRXYXER OIVNE FIVEHE HM EXEW EXEY HM
WXIVIWW FE[EL OIQEQTYER PMRKOYRKER OIVNE LYFYRKER TIOIVNE HIRKER
WIWEQETIOIVNEEXEYSVKERMWEWM


Gambar 76. Ilustrasi Pentingnya Pengaruh Kondisi Lingkungan
8IQTEX OIVNE [EPEYTYR QIRKERHYRK WYQFIVWYQFIV FELE]E FEKM OIWILEXER REQYR

FELE]E XIVWIFYX HETEX HMGIKEL ]EMXY HIRKER FIFIVETE TIVPIRKOETER HER XIORMO ]ERK
HETEXHMTEOEMQIPMRHYRKMTIOIVNEHEVMFELE]EXIVWIFYX4IVW]EVEXERXIRXERKTIR]IHMEER
EPEX TIPMRHYRK HMVM (personal protective equipment-PPE) XIVGERXYQ HEPEQ Personal
Protective Equipment at WorkRegulations 1992%XEWERLEVYWQIR]IHMEOERTIVPMRHYRKER
XIVLEHETFELE]EOITEHEOIWIPYVYLERTIVWSRIPPEFSVEXSVMYQ4IRKKYREER44)HMKYREOER
NMOE QIXSHIQIXSHI TIVPMRHYRKER ]ERK PIFML PYEW XIVR]EXE XMHEO TVEOXMW HER XMHEO
XIVNERKOEY (M FE[EL MRM QIVYTEOER XEFIP GSRXSL TIVPMRHYRKER ]ERK HMWIHMEOER SPIL
FIFIVETENIRMW44)

Tabel 14. Perlindungan yang Disediakan Beberapa PPE
Bagian Tubuh Bahaya PPE

&IRHEFIRHENEXYL
,IPQOIVEW,IPQIQTYO
/ITEPE 6YERK]ERKWIQTMX
8STMLEVRIXEXEYTIQERKOEWERVEQFYX
6EQFYXXIVNIVEX
8IPMRKE 8YXYT XIPMRKE HIRKER (ear muff) EXEY

7YEVEFMWMRK
TIRHIRKEVER WYQFEXXIPMRKEHIRKER(ear plug)
(IFY OIVWMO TEVXMOIPTEVXMOIP /EGEQEXETIPMRHRYRK(goggles)TIPMRHYRK

1EXE FIXIVFERKER VEHMEWM PEWIV FYRKE [ENEL 9RXYO VEHMEWM HER PEWIV
ETMPEW QIRKKYREOERgogglesOLYWYW
(IFY 1EWOIV[ENELVIWTMVEXSV
%WET 6IWTMVEXSV HIRKER JMPXIV TIR]IVET
4EVY
+EW FIVEGYR HER EXQSWJIV WIHMOMX OIIJIOXMJERR]EXIVFEXEW
SOWMKIR %PEXFERXYTIVREJEWER
8ITMXITMHERYNYRK]ERKXENEQ 7EVYRKXERKERTIPMRHYRK
8ERKER >EXOMQMEOSVSWMJ 7EVYRKXEKERXELERFELEROMQME
8IQTIVEXYVXMRKKMVIRHEL 7EVYRKXERKERMRWYPEWM
8IVTIPIWIX FIRHE XENEQ HM PERXEM
/EOM 7ITEXYTIRKEQERWIPYFYRKOEOM(gaiter)
FIRHENEXYLTIVGMOERPSKEQGEMV
/VMQTIPMRHYRK
/SXSVERHERFELEROSVSWMJVMRKER
/YPMX 4IPMRHYRK ]ERK OIHET WITIVXM WEVYRK
/SVSWMOYEXHERÊXTIPEVYX
XERKERHERGIPIQIO
8SVWSHERXYFYL >EXTIPEVYXOIPIQFEFERHWF 'IPIQIOSZIVEPP
%XQSWJIV ]ERK FIVFELE]E YET
4EOEMER FIVXIOERER YHEVE (pressurized
FIVEGYRHIFYVEHMSEOXMJ
suits)
8IVNEXYL
8EPMXIQEPMTIPMRHYRK
/IRHEVEERFIVKIVEO
/IWIPYVYLERXYFYL &ENYEXEYVSQTM]ERKXIVPMLEXHMOIKIPETER

&ENYTIPMRHYRKOLYWYW
+IVKENMVERXEM
&ENYXELERTEREW
8IQTIVEXYVXMRKKM
&ENYYRXYOWIKEPEGYEGE
'YEGEIOWXVMQ

&IFIVETEXIORMOFEOY]ERKHETEXHMKYREOERHEPEQTIQIPMLEVEEROIWILEXERTIOIVNE]ERK
QIPMTYXM TIRKEQFMPER XMRHEOER TIRGIKELER TIR]EOMX ]ERK QIQFIVMOER WEVEREWEVERE
YRXYO QIRGIKEL TIOIVNE FIVOSRXEO HIRKER WYFWXERWMWYFWXERWM FIVFELE]E HER
QIQEWXMOERFEL[ENMOETEVETIOIVNEXIVFYOEGIHIVER]EHMVE[EXHIRKERFIREV'EOYTER
JEWMPMXEW OIWILEXERR]E XIVKERXYRK TEHE VIWMOS ]ERK HMLEHETM QMWEPR]E WIQEOMR XMRKKM
VIWMOSWIQEOMRPYEWPELGEOYTERJEWMPMXEWXIVWIFYX.YQPELTIXYKEW4/LEVYWQIRGYOYTM
WIWYEMTIVW]EVEXER]ERKXIVGERXYQHEPEQ Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulation 1981,
WIXMET PMQE TYPYL TIOIVNE WEXY TIXYKEW 4/ /SXEO 4/ QMRMQEP LEVYW QIQYEX OEVXY
TIXYRNYOFYRKOYWTIVFERFEPYXWXIVMPTIVIOEXFYRKOYWTIVFERWIKMXMKEFYELTIRMXM
FYRKOYWTIVFERFEPYXWXIVMPFIVYOYVERWIHERKXERTESFEXFYRKOYWTIVFERFEPYXWXIVMP
FIVYOYVERFIWEVXERTESFEXFYRKOYWTIVFERFEPYXWXIVMPFIVYOYVERIOWXVEXERTESFEX
TEWERKWEVYRKXERKERWIOEPMTEOEMHERXEQTEPQEXEWXIVMP*EWMPMXEW4/LEVYWQYHEL
HMNERKOEYSPILTEVEXEQYOSRXVEOXSVOIXMOEQIVIOEXIPELHMFIVMMNMRYRXYOFIVEHEHEPEQ
PMRKOYRKERPEFSVEXSVMYQ
F. Penerapan K
7]EVEXTIRIVETER//IWIPEQEXERHER/IWILEXER/IVNE HMXIQTEXOIVNEXIVHETEX
HEPEQ 9RHERK9RHERK 2S 8ELYR XIRXERK /IWIPEQEXER /IVNE TEWEP
8IVHETEXW]EVEXHEWEVOIWIPEQEXEROIVNEHMXIQTEXOIVNEWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
1IRGIKEL
QIRKYVERKMOIGIPEOEEROIVNE
1IRGIKELQIRKYVERKM
QIQEHEQOEROIFEOEVER
1IRGIKEL
QIRKYVERKMFELE]ETIPIHEOER
1IQFIVMNEPYVIZEOYEWMOIEHEERHEVYVEX
1IQFIVM4//IGIPEOEER/IVNE
1IQFIVM%4(%PEX4IPMRHYRK(MVM TEHEXIREKEOIVNE
1IRGIKEL
QIRKIRHEPMOER XMQFYPR]E TIR]IFEVER WYLY OIPIQFEFER HIFY
OSXSVEREWETYETKEWVEHMEWMOIFMWMRKER
KIXEVER
1IRGIKELHERQIRKIRHEPMOER4IR]EOMX%OMFEX/IVNE4%/ HEROIVEGYRER
4IRIVERKER]ERKGYOYTHERWIWYEM
7YLYHEROIPIQFEFERYHEVE]ERKFEMO
1IR]IHMEOERZIRXMPEWM]ERKGYOYT
1IQIPMLEVEOIFIVWMLEROIWILEXER
OIXIVXMFER
/IWIVEWMERXIREKEOIVNETIVEPEXERPMRKOYRKERGEVE
TVSWIWOIVNE
1IRKEQEROER
QIQTIVPERGEVTIRKERKOYXERQERYWMEFMREXERKXEREQER

FEVERK
1IRKEQEROER
QIQIPMLEVEWIKEPENIRMWFERKYRER
1IRKEQEROER
QIQTIVPERGEV FSRKOEV QYEX TIVPEOYER
TIR]MQTERER
FEVERK
1IRGIKELXIOIREEPMVERPMWXVMOFIVFELE]E
1IR]IWYEMOER
QIR]IQTYVREOER OIWIPEQEXER TIOIVNEER ]ERK VIWMOSR]E
FIVXEQFELXMRKKM

0MRKOYRKERHMXIQTEXOIVNEXIVHETEXFER]EOTIVEPEXERTIVEPEXER]ERKQIRKKYREOER
WYQFIVPMWXVMOHIRKEROETEWMXEW]ERKFIWEVWILMRKKETIPEOWEREER/IWILEXERHER
/IWIPEQEXER /IVNE LEVYW FIREVFIREV HMTIVLEXMOER HER HMPEOWEREOER 4IRKEFEMER
TIPEOWEREER/IWILEXERHER/IWIPEQEXER/IVNEWERKEXFIVFELE]EFEKMTEVETIOIVNE
TIVYWELEER HER PMRKOYRKER HMWIOMXEV XIQTEX OIVNE 4IPEOWEREER /IWILEXER HER
/IWIPEQEXER/IVNE/ EHEPELWEPELWEXYYTE]E YRXYOQIRGMTXEOERXIQTEXOIVNE
]ERKEQERWILEXFIFEWHEVMTIRGIQEVERPMRKOYRKERWILMRKKEHETEXQIRKYVERKM
FELOER FIFEW HEVM OIGIPEOEER OIVNE HER TIR]EOMX EOMFEX OIVNE ]ERK HETEX
QIRMRKOEXOERIJMWMIRWMHERTVSHYOXMZMXEWOIVNE

/IGIPEOEEROIVNEXMHEOWENEQIRMQFYPOEROSVFERNM[EQEYTYROIVYKMERQEXIVMFEKM
TIOIVNE HER TIRKYWELE XIXETM NYKE HETEX QIRKKERKKY TVSWIW TVSHYOWM WIGEVE
QIR]IPYVYL QIVYWEO PMRKOYRKER ]ERK EOER FIVHEQTEO TEHE QEW]EVEOEX PYEW
8IQTEX OIVNE LEVYW QIPEOWEREOER YTE]E OIWILEXER OIVNE EKEV XMHEO XIVNEHM
KERKKYER OIWILEXER TEHE TIOIVNE OIPYEVKE QEW]EVEOEX HER PMRKOYRKER
HMWIOMXEVR]E]EMXYWEPELWEXYR]EHIRKERQIQEWERKTVSXIOWMYRXYOOIWIPEQEXERHM
XIQTEXOIVNE4VSXIOWMYRXYOOIWIPEQEXERWERKEXQIRIRXYOERWIFEKEMTIVW]EVEXER
XIVTIRXMRKYRXYOQIPMRHYRKMQERYWMEHERTIVEPEXER]ERKEHEHMXIQTEXOIVNE

4VSXIOWMXIVWIFYX]EMXY4VSXIOWMHEVMOINYXPMWXVMO4VSXIOWMHEVMIJIOXIVQEPHEVMEVYW
PIFML HEVM XIKERKER PIFML OLYWYWR]E EOMFEX TIXMV HEVM XIKERKER OYVERK HER HEVM
4IQMWELERHERTIR]EOIPEVER8MRHEOERTVSXIOWMMRMHETEXHMXIVETOERTEHEWIPYVYL
MRWXEPEWM TEHE WIFEKMER MRWXEPEWM EXEY TEHE WYEXY TIVPIRKOETER OLYWYWR]E
XIVLEHET FELE]E OINYX PMWXVMO 8IQTEX OIVNE NYKE LEVYW HM FIVM JEWMPMXEW 4/ FMPE
WI[EOXY[EOXYXIVNEHMOIGIPEOEEROIVNEHETEXPERKWYRKHMSFEXM&IVMOYXMRMJEWMPMXEW
4/]ERKLEVYWXIVWIHMEHMXIQTEXOIVNE
*EWMPMXEW4/HM8IQTEX/IVNEQIPMTYXM
E 6YERK4/
F /SXEO4/HERMWM
G %PEXIZEOYEWMHEREPEXXVERWTSVXEWM
H *EWMPMXEWXEQFELERFIVYTEEPEXTIPMRHYRKHMVMHEREXEYTIVEPEXEROLYWYWHM
XIQTEXOIVNE]ERKQIQMPMOMTSXIRWMFELE]E]ERKFIVWMJEXOLYWYW
%PEXTIPMRHYRKHMVMOLYWYWTIVEPEXER]ERKHMWIWYEMOERHIRKERTSXIRWMFELE]E
]ERKEHEHMXIQTEXOIVNE]ERKHMKYREOERHEPEQOIEHEERHEVYVEX
4IVEPEXEROLYWYWEPEXYRXYOTIQFEWELERXYFYLGITEXshower HERTIQFMPEWER
TIRGYGMERQEXE
G. Human Error
Human error QIVYTEOEROIKEKEPERHEVMQERYWMEYRXYOQIPEOYOERXYKEW]ERKXIPEL
HMHIWEMRHEPEQFEXEWOIXITEXERVERKOEMEREXEY[EOXYXIVXIRXYHuman error EHEPEL
WIFYEL LEWMP OIVNE QERYWME ]ERK HETEX QYRGYP WI[EOXY[EOXY HMQERE WENE HER
OETER WENE Human error HETEX XIVNEHM OEVIRE HMWIFEFOER SPIL JEOXSV OSRHMWM
PMRKOYRKER JMWMO OIVNE ]ERK IOWXVIQ Human error ]ERK XIVNEHM EOER HMMOYXM SPIL
QIRYVYRR]EIJIOXMZMXEWHERIJMWMIRWMWYEXYTIOIVNEER)JIOXMZMXEWHERIJMWMIRWM]ERK
QIRYVYR XIRXY WENE EOER FIVEOMFEX OITEHE XMRKOEX TVSHYOXMZMXEW ]ERK HMGETEM SPIL
QERYWME output ]ERK HMLEWMPOER EOER QIRYVYR HER EOXMZMXEWR]E EOER QIRNEHM
XIVLEQFEX .6IEWSR 0MRKOYRKER JMWMO OIVNE HEPEQ TIRHIOEXER HEVM human
factors )VKSRSQM QIVYTEOER ETPMOEWM WMWXIQEXMW HEVM WINYQPEL MRJSVQEWM ]ERK
VIPIZER HEVM OIQEQTYER OIXIVFEXEWER OEVEOXIVMWXMO XMRKOEL PEOY HER QSXMZEWM
QERYWMEYRXYOQIVERGERKTIVEPEXERHERTVSWIHYV]ERKHMKYREOERWIVXEPMRKOYRKER
OIVNE]ERKHMTEOEM/SRHMWMPMRKOYRKERJMWMOOIVNE]ERKXMHEOR]EQEREOERQIQFYEX
WISVERK TIOIVNE QIRKIPYEVOER XIREKE PIFML YRXYO FIVEHETXEWM WILMRKKE
OSRWIRXVEWMR]E EOER XIVFIPEL ERXEVE TIOIVNEER HER FIVEHETXEWM HIRKER
PMRKOYRKERR]E

/SRHMWM PMRKOYRKER OIVNE ]ERK HETEX QIQTIRKEVYLM LEWMP OIVNE QERYWME QIPMTYXM
XMRKOEX OIFMWMRKER XMRKOEX WYLY HER XMRKOEX TIRGELE]EER VYERKER /SRHMWM
PMRKOYRKERJMWMO]ERKSTXMQYQHMQERELEWMPOIVNEQERYWMEQIQMPMOMXMRKOEXhuman
error ]ERK OIGMP EOER HMHETEXOER OIXMOE FIFIVETE TIVPEOYER XIPEL HMYNMOER OITEHE
SVERK XIVWIFYX 8MRKOEX human error ]ERK OIGMP QIRKMRHMOEWMOER FEL[E QERYWME
QIVEWER]EQERHIRKERPMRKOYRKEROIVNER]E/SRHMWMPMRKOYRKEROIVNE]ERKR]EQER
EOER QIQFYEX QERYWME QIVEWE XIRERK HER R]EQER OIXMOE FIOIVNE 1IPMLEX HEVM
JEOXSV TIR]IFEF XIVNEHMR]E human error FMWE HMFIHEOER QIRNEHM HYE JEOXSV ]EMXY
JEOXSVPYEVOSRHMWMPMRKOYRKEROIVNE HERJEOXSVHEPEQIQSWMHEROSRHMWMTWMOSPSKMW
QERYWME
Faktor luar terdiri dari beberapa aspek, antara lain adalah:
/IFMWMRKER
7YLYFIFIVETETIRIPMXMERQIRYRNYOOERFEL[EWIQEOMRXMRKKMWYLYQEOELEWMP
TIOIVNEER]ERKHMTIVSPILWIQEOMRQIRYVYR
4IRIVERKER TIRIVERKER EHEPEL EWTIO TIRXMRK HEVM PMRKOYRKER OIVNE YRXYO
SVERK]ERKFIOIVNETEHEFIFIVETNIRMWTIOIVNEER

Gambar 77. Contoh Human Error

Gambar 78. Contoh Bentuk Tindakan Pencegahan
H. Petunjuk Keselamatan jika terjadi kebakaran7YQFIV,SXIP7ERXMOE7IQEVERK

1IPMLEXWMXYEWMHERQIQTIPENEVMPSOEWMQIRYNYTMRXYHEVYVEX

Gambar 79. Simbol Menuju Pintu Darurat
1IRKIXELYMPIXEOFIPXERHEFELE]EOIFEOEVER

Gambar 80. Simbol Bel Tanda Bahaya
1IRKIXELYMPIXEOEPEXTIQEHEQOIFEOEVERHERWIPERKEMV

Gambar 81. Simbol Alat Pemadam Kebakaran
4IGELOEROEGEFIPXERHEFELE]EOIFEOEVER]ERKTEPMRKHIOEXEXEYXIPITSRRSQSV
HEVYVEX

Gambar 82. Ilustrasi
1IRKKYREOER EPEX TIQEHEQ OIFEOEVER EXEY WIPERK EMV ]ERK TEPMRK HIOEX NMOE ETM
QEWMLHETEXHMOSRXVSP2EQYRNERKERQIRKEFMPVIWMOSYRXYOOIWIPEQEXERHMVM

Gambar 83. Ilustrasi Penggunaan Selang Air
.MOE ETM XMHEO HETEX HMTEHEQOER XYXYT WIQYE TMRXY HER WIKIVE XMRKKEPOER
FIRKOIPPEFQIPEPYMTMRXYHEVYVEX

Gambar 84. Ilustrasi Tutup Semua Pintu
.MOEQIRHIRKEVWYEVEXERHEFELE]EWIKIVEQIRMRKKEPOERFIRKOIPPEF

Gambar 85. Ilustrasi Meninggalkan Lokasi Kebakaran
.ERKERQIQFYERK[EOXYYRXYOQIRKIQEWFEVERKFEVERK7IPEQEXOERHMVMXIVPIFML
HELYPY

Gambar 86. Ilustrasi Larangan Berkemas Saat Terjadi Kebakaran
0I[EXMPELXERKKEHEVYVEXNERKERQIPEPYMPMJX

Gambar 87. Ilustrasi Larangan Melalui Lift saat Terjadi Kebakaran
&IVMXELYOER PSOEWM ERHE OITEHE STIVEXSV XIPITSR HEVYVEX NMOE XIVNIFEO HM HEPEQ
VYERKER

Gambar 88. Ilustrasi untuk Menunjukkan Lokasi Kebakaran
&EWELMPELOEMRPETHERPIXEOOERHMFE[ELTMRXYEKEVXMHEOEWETXMHEOQEWYONMOEERHE
XIVNIFEOOIFEOEVERHMHEPEQVYERKER

Gambar 89. Ilustrasi Petunjuk Menggunakan Kain Lap
.MOEXIVTIVERKOETHEPEQEWET]ERKXIFEPFIVNEPERPELHIRKERQIVERKOEO

Gambar 90. Ilustrasi saat Terperangkap Asap Tebal
.ERKERQIPSRGEXOIPYEVKIHYRK

Gambar 91. Larangan Meloncat Keluar Gedung
I. Pembudayaan Perawatan dan Keselamatan Kerja

/IWIPEQEXEROIVNEQIVYTEOERLEPXIVTIRXMRKHEVMWYEXYTIOIVNEER/IWIPEQEXEROIVNE
adalah keadaan terhindar dari bahaya saat melakukan kerja. Menurut Suma’mur
OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE EHEPEL OIWIPEQEXER ]ERK FIVXEPMER HIRKER QIWMR
TIWE[EX EPEX OIVNE FELER HER TVSWIW TIRKSPELERR]E XIQTEX OIVNE HER
PMRKOYRKERR]EWIVXEGEVEGEVEQIPEOYOERTIOIVNEER/IWIPEQEXEROIVNEQIR]ERKOYX
WIQYETVSWIWTVSHYOWMHERHMWXVMFYWMFEMOFEVERKQEYTYRNEWE/IWIPEQEXEROIVNE
EHEPELXYKEWWIQYESVERK]ERKFIOIVNE/IWIPEQEXEREHEPELHEVMSPILHERYRXYO
WIXMET XIREKE OIVNE QEYTYR QEW]EVEOEX TEHE YQYQR]E 8EWPMQER
sependapat dengan Suma’mur bahwa keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja menyangkut
WIQYEYRWYV]ERKXIVOEMXHMHEPEQEOXMJMXEWOIVNE-EQIR]ERKOYXWYFNIOEXEYSVERK
]ERK QIPEOYOER TIOIVNEER SFNIO material ]EMXY FIRHEFIRHE EXEY FEVERKFEVERK
]ERKHMOIVNEOEREPEXEPEXOIVNE]ERKHMTIVKYREOERHEPEQFIOIVNEFIVYTEQIWMRQIWMR
HER TIVEPEXER PEMRR]E WIVXE QIR]ERKOYX PMRKOYRKERR]E FEMO QERYWME QEYTYR
FIRHEFIRHEEXEYFEVERK

/IWIPEQEXEROIVNEEHEPELWEVEREYXEQEYRXYOTIRGIKELEROIGIPEOEERGEGEXHER
OIQEXMERWIFEKEMEOMFEXOIGIPEOEEROIVNE/IWIPEQEXEROIVNE]ERKFEMOEHEPELTMRXY
KIVFERKFEKMOIEQERERXIREKEOIVNE/IGIPEOEERQIRNEHMLEQFEXERPERKWYRKHER
QIVYKMOER WIGEVE XMHEO PERKWYRK ]EORM OIVYWEOER QIWMR HER TIVEPEXER OIVNE
XIVLIRXMR]ETVSWIWTVSHYOWMYRXYOFIFIVETEWEEXOIVYWEOERTEHEPMRKOYRKEROIVNE
HERPEMRPEMR(Suma’mur, 1985:2)
Tujuan keselamatan kerja (Suma’mur, 1985: 1) adalah sebagai berikut:
1IPMRHYRKMXIREKEOIVNEEXEWLEOOIWIPEQEXERR]EHEPEQQIPEOYOERTIOIVNEER
YRXYO OIWINELXIVEER LMHYT HER QIRMRKOEXOER TVSHYOWM WIVXE TVSHYOXMZMXEW
QEW]EVEOEX
1IRNEQMROIWIPEQEXERWIXMETSVERKPEMR]ERKFIVEHEHMXIQTEXOIVNE
7YQFIVTVSHYOWMHMTIPMLEVEHERHMTIVKYREOERWIGEVEEQERHERIJMWMIR
Peraturan perundangan No. I tahun 1970 Pasal 3 tentang keselamatan kerja
ditetapkan syarat-syarat keselamatan kerja untuk
1IRGIKELHERQIRKYVERKMOIGIPEOEER
1IRGIKELQIRKYVERKMHERQIQEHEQOEROIFEOEVER
1IRGIKELHERQIRKYVERKMFELE]ETIPIHEOER
1IQFIVM OIWIQTEXER EXEY NEPER QIR]IPEQEXOER HMVM TEHE [EOXY OIFEOEVER
EXEYOINEHMEROINEHMERPEMR]ERKFIVFELE]E
1IQFIVMTIVXSPSRKERTEHEOIGIPEOEER
1IQFIVMEPEXEPEXTIPMRHYRKHMVMTEHETEVETIOIVNE
1IRGIKELHERQIRKIRHEPMOERXMQFYPEXEYQIR]IFEVPYEWR]EWYLYOIPIQFEFER
HIFYOSXSVEREWETYETKEWLIQFYWERERKMRGYEGEWMREVVEHMEWMWYEVEHER
KIXEVER
1IRGIKEL HER QIRKIRHEPMOER XMQFYPR]E TIR]EOMX EOMFEX OIVNE FEMO TL]WMO
QEYTYRTW]GLMWTIVEGYRERMRJIOWMHERTIRYPEVER
1IQTIVSPILTIRIVERKER]ERKGYOYTHERWIWYEM
1IR]IPIRKKEVEOERWYLYHERPIQFEFYHEVE]ERKFEMO
1IR]IPIRKKEVEOERTIR]IKEVERYHEVE]ERKGYOYT
1IQIPMLEVEOIFIVWMLEROIWILEXERHEROIXIVXMFER
1IQTIVSPIL OIWIVEWMER ERXEVE XIREKE OIVNE EPEX OIVNE PMRKOYRKER GEVE HER
TVSWIWOIVNER]E
1IRKEQEROERHERQIQTIVPERGEVTIRKERKOYXERSVERKFMREXERKXEREQEREXEY
FEVERK
1IRKEQEROERHERQIQIPMLEVEWIKEPENIRMWFERKYRER
1IRKEQEROER HER QIQTIVPERGEV TIOIVNEER FSRKOEV QYEX TIVPEOYER HER
TIR]MQTERERFEVERK
1IRGIKELXIVOIREEPMVERPMWXVMO]ERKFIVFELE]E
1IR]IWYEMOERHERQIR]IQTYVREOERTIRKEQERERTEHETIOIVNEER]ERKFELE]E
OIGIPEOEERR]E QIRNEHM FIVXEQFEL XMRKKM 7IXME[ER8ME HER ,EVYR

7EPELWEXYQEWEPEL]ERKLEQTMVWIXMETLEVMXIVNEHMHMXIQTEXOIVNEEHEPELOIGIPEOEER]ERK
QIRMQFYPOERLEPLEP]ERKXMHEOOMXEMRKMROERWITIVXMOIVYWEOERTIVEPEXERGIHIVEXYFYL
OIGEGEXER FELOER OIQEXMER (EPEQ FIFIVETE MRHYWXVM OIQYRKOMRER XIVNEHMR]E
OIGIPEOEEREOMFEXOYVERKXIVNEKER]EOIWIPEQEXEROIVNEPIFMLXMRKKMHEVMTEHE]ERKPEMRR]E
7IOMXEVHYEHEVMXMKEOIGIPEOEERXIVNEHMEOMFEXSVERKNEXYLXIVTIPIWIXXIVKIPMRGMVXIVXMQTE
balok, dan kejatuhan benda di tempat kerja. (Daryanto, 2001: 2). Suma’mur (1987:3)
QIRKEXEOERFEL[E HEVMWIFEFWIFEFOIGIPEOEEREHEPELJEOXSVQERYWME0IFMLPERNYX
Suma’mur mengatakan bahwa kecelakaan akibat kerja dapat menyebabkan 5 jenis
OIVYKMER/ ]EORMOIVYWEOEROIOEGEYERSVKERMWEWMOIPYLERHEROIWIHMLEROIPEMRERHER
GEGEXHEROIQEXMER

&EKMERQIWMRTIWE[EXEPEXOIVNEFELERTVSWIWXIQTEXHERPMRKOYRKEROIVNEQYRKOMR
VYWEO SPIL OIGIPEOEER %OMFEX HEVM MXY XIVNEHMPEL OIOEGEYER SVKERMWEWM HEPEQ TVSWIW
TVSHYOWM3VERK]ERKHMXMQTEOIGIPEOEERQIRKIPYLHERQIRHIVMXEWIHERKOEROIPYEVKE
HER OE[EROE[ER WIOIVNE EOER FIVWIHML LEXM /IGIPEOEER XMHEO NEVERK QIRKEOMFEXOER
PYOEPYOEXIVNEHMR]EOIPEMRERXYFYLHERGEGEX&ELOERXMHEONEVERKOIGIPEOEERQIVIRKKYX
nyawa dan berakibat kematian (Suma’mur, 1985:6). Kecelakaan adalah kejadian yang
XMQFYPXMFEXMFEXMHEOHMHYKEHERXMHEOHMLEVETOER7IXMETOIGIPEOEERFEMOHMMRHYWXVMHM
FIRKOIPEXEYHMXIQTEXPEMR]ETEWXMEHEWIFEFR]E
Secara umum terdapat dua hal pokok yang menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja(Suma’mur,
1985:9) yaitu:
8MRHEOTIVFYEXERQERYWME]ERKXMHEOQIQIRYLMOIWIPEQEXERunsafe human acts
/IEHEEROIEHEERPMRKOYRKER]ERKXMHEOEQERusafe conditions
Tasliman (1993:19-27) juga sependapat dengan Suma’mur bahwa kecelakaan dapat

terjadi dengan sebab-sebab tertentu, yaitu:
/IWEPELER QERYWME human erorr QMWEPR]E OIFSHSLER EXEY OIXMHEOXELYER
OIQEQTYER OIXIVEQTMPER ]ERK XMHEO QIQEHEM XMHEO OSRWIRXVEWM TEHE [EOXY
FIOIVNE WEPEL TVSWIHYV EXEY WEPEL PERKOEL FIOIVNE WIQFVSRS XERTE QIRKMRKEX
VIWMOSFIOIVNEXERTEEPEXTIPMRHYRKQIRKEQFMPVIWMOSYRXYRKYRXYRKERHERFIOIVNE
HIRKERWIRHEKYVEY
/SRHMWM ]ERK XMHEO EQER QMWEPR]E XIQTEX OIVNE ]ERK XMHEO QIQIRYLM W]EVEX
OIWIPEQEXEROIVNEOSRHMWMQIWMR]ERKFIVFELE]Emachinery hazards OSRHMWMXMHEO
EQERTEHETIQMRHELERFEVERKFEVERKWIVXEEPEXEPEXXERKER]ERKOSRHMWMR]EXMHEO
EQER

7MPEPELM&IVRIX2&HER6YQSRHERK WIGEVEWTIWMJMOQIRKEXEOERFEL[EXMKE
WIFEFQIRKETEWISVERKOEV]E[ERQIPEOYOEROIKMEXERXMHEOWIPEQEXEHEPEL
=ERK FIVWERKOYXER XMHEO QIRKIXELYM XEXE GEVE ]ERK EQER EXEY TIVFYEXER
TIVFYEXER]ERKFIVFELE]E
=ERKFIVWERKOYXERXMHEO QEQTYQIQIRYLMTIVW]EVEXEROIVNEWILMRKKEXIVNEHMPEL
XMRHEOERHMFE[ELWXERHEV
=ERKFIVWERKOYXERQIRKIXELYMWIPYVYLTIVEXYVERHERTIVW]EVEXEROIVNEXIXETMHME
IRKKERQIQIRYLMR]E

4IVEXYVERQIRXIVMXIREKEOIVNE2S1IRQIR]EXEOERFEL[ETIVYWELEEROIGMP
EXEYTIVYWELEERHIRKERXMRKOEXVMWMOSVIRHELLEVYWQIRIVETOERWIFER]EOOVMXIVME(M
ERXEVER]E EWTIO OIEQERER OIVNE FIVHEWEVOER 7MWXIQ 1ERENIQIR /IWILEXER HER
/IWIPEQEXEROIVNE7YEVHM6YHM ]EMXY
1. Sistem Kerja
E 4IXYKEW ]ERK FIVOSQTIXIR XIPEL QIRKMHIRXMJMOEWM FELE]E ]ERK TSXIRWMEP HER
XIPELQIRMPEMVMWMOSVMWMOS]ERKXMQFYPHEVMWYEXYTVSWIWOIVNE
F %TEFMPE YTE]E TIRKIRHEPMERVMWMOS HMTIVPYOERQEOEYTE]EXIVWIFYXHMXIXETOER
QIPEPYMXMRKOEXTIRKIRHEPMER
G 8IVHETEXTVSWIHYVOIVNE]ERKHMHSOYQIRXEWMOERHERNMOEHMTIVPYOERHMXIVETOER
suatu sistem “Ijin Kerja” untuk tugasXYKEW]ERKFIVMWMOSXMRKKM
H /ITEXYLERHIRKERTIVEXYVERWXERHEVHEROIXIRXYERTIPEOWEREERHMTIVLEXMOER
TEHEWEEXQIRKIQFERKOEREXEYQIPEOYOERQSHMJMOEWMTVSWIHYVEXEYTIXYRNYO
OIVNE
I %PEXTIPMRHYRKHMVMHMWIHMEOERFMPEHMTIVPYOERHERHMKYREORWIGEVEFIREVWIVXE
HMTIPMLEVEWIPEPYHEPEQOSRHMWMPE]EOTEOEM
J %PEX TIPMRHYRK HMVM ]ERK HMKYREOER HMTEWXMOER XIPEL HMR]EXEOER PE]EO TEOEM
WIWYEMWXERHEVHEREXEYTIVEXYVERTIVYRHERKER]ERKFIVPEOY
2. Pengawasan: (MPEOYOER TIRKE[EWER YRXYO QIRNEQMR FEL[E WIXMET TIOIVNEER
HMPEOWEREOERHIRKEREQERHERQIRKMOYXMWIXMETTVSWIHYVHERTIXYRNYOOIVNE]ERK
2. Pengawasan: (MPEOYOER TIRKE[EWER YRXYO QIRNEQMR FEL[E WIXMET TIOIVNEER
XIPELHMXIRXYOER
3. HMPEOWEREOERHIRKEREQERHERQIRKMOYXMWIXMETTVSWIHYVHERTIXYRNYOOIVNE]ERK
Seleksi dan Penempatan Personal: 4IRYKEWER TIOIVNEER LEVYW FIVHEWEVOER TEHE
XIPELHMXIRXYOER
OIQEQTYERHERXMRKOEXOIXVEQTMPER]ERKHMQMPMOMSPILQEWMRKQEWMRKXIREKEOIVNE
3. Seleksi dan Penempatan Personal: 4IRYKEWER TIOIVNEER LEVYW FIVHEWEVOER TEHE
OIQEQTYERHERXMRKOEXOIXVEQTMPER]ERKHMQMPMOMSPILQEWMRKQEWMRKXIREKEOIVNE
4. Lingkungan Kerja
E 4IVYWELEER QIPEOYOER TIRMPEMER PMRKOYRKER OIVNE YRXYO QIRKIXELYM HEIVEL
4. Lingkungan Kerja
HEIVEL]ERKQIQIVPYOERTIQFEXEWERMNMRQEWYO
E 4IVYWELEER
F QIPEOYOER TIRMPEMER PMRKOYRKER OIVNE YRXYO QIRKIXELYM HEIVEL
8IVHETEXTIRKIRHEPMEREXEWXIQTEXXIQTEXHIRKERTIQFEXEWERMNMRQEWYO
G HEIVEL]ERKQIQIVPYOERTIQFEXEWERMNMRQEWYO
*EWMPMXEWJEWMPMXEW HER PE]ERER ]ERK XIVWIHME HM XIQTEX OIVNE WIWYEM HIRKER
F 8IVHETEXTIRKIRHEPMEREXEWXIQTEXXIQTEXHIRKERTIQFEXEWERMNMRQEWYO
WXERHEVHERTIHSQERXIORMW
G
H *EWMPMXEWJEWMPMXEW HER PE]ERER ]ERK XIVWIHME HM XIQTEX OIVNE WIWYEM HIRKER
6EQFYVEQFYQIRKIREMOIWIPEQEXERHERXERHETMRXYHEVYVEXLEVYWHMTEWERK
WXERHEVHERTIHSQERXIORMW
WIWYEMHIRKERWXERHEVHERTIHSQERXIORMW
5. H 6EQFYVEQFYQIRKIREMOIWIPEQEXERHERXERHETMRXYHEVYVEXLEVYWHMTEWERK
Pemeliharaan, Perbaikan dan Perubahan Sarana Produksi
WIWYEMHIRKERWXERHEVHERTIHSQERXIORMW
E 7IQYEGEXEXER]ERKQIQYEXHEXEHEXEWIGEVEVMRGMHEVMOIKMEXERTIQIVMOWEER
5. Pemeliharaan, Perbaikan dan Perubahan Sarana Produksi
TIQIPMLEVEERTIVFEMOERHERTIVYFELERTIVYFELER]ERKHMPEOYOEREXEWWEVERE
E 7IQYEGEXEXER]ERKQIQYEXHEXEHEXEWIGEVEVMRGMHEVMOIKMEXERTIQIVMOWEER
TVSHYOWMLEVYWHMWMQTERHERHMTIPMLEVE
F TIQIPMLEVEERTIVFEMOERHERTIVYFELERTIVYFELER]ERKHMPEOYOEREXEWWEVERE
7EVERETVSHYOWM]ERKLEVYWXIVHEJXEVQIQMPMOMWIVXMJMOEX]ERKQEWMLFIVPEOY
G TVSHYOWMLEVYWHMWMQTERHERHMTIPMLEVE
4IVE[EXER TIVFEMOER HER WIXMET TIVYFELER LEVYW HMPEOYOER TIVWSRIP ]ERK
F 7EVERETVSHYOWM]ERKLEVYWXIVHEJXEVQIQMPMOMWIVXMJMOEX]ERKQEWMLFIVPEOY
FIVOSQTIXIR
G
H 4IVE[EXER TIVFEMOER HER WIXMET TIVYFELER LEVYW HMPEOYOER TIVWSRIP ]ERK
%TEFMPEQIQYRKOMROERWEVERETVSHYOWM]ERKEOERHMYFELLEVYWWIWYEMHIRKER
FIVOSQTIXIR
TIVW]EVEXERTIVEXYVERTIVYRHERKER]ERKFIVPEOY
H
I %TEFMPEQIQYRKOMROERWEVERETVSHYOWM]ERKEOERHMYFELLEVYWWIWYEMHIRKER
8IVHETEX TVSWIHYV TIVQMRXEER TIQIPMLEVEER ]ERK QIRGEOYT OIXIRXYER
TIVW]EVEXERTIVEXYVERTIVYRHERKER]ERKFIVPEOY
QIRKIREM TIVEPEXERTIVEPEXER HIRKER OSRHMWM OIWIPEQEXER ]ERK OYVERK FEMO
I 8IVHETEX TVSWIHYV TIVQMRXEER TIQIPMLEVEER ]ERK QIRGEOYT OIXIRXYER
HERTIVPYWIKIVEHMTIVFEMOM
J QIRKIREMWYEXY
8IVHETEX TIVEPEXERTIVEPEXER HIRKER
W]WXIQ TIRERHEER OSRHMWM
FEKM OIWIPEQEXER
EPEX ]ERK ]ERK
WYHEL XMHEO OYVERK
EQER PEKMFEMO
NMOE
HERTIVPYWIKIVEHMTIVFEMOM
HMKYREOER lock out system YRXYO QIRGIKEL EKEV WEVERE TVSHYOWM XMHEO
J 8IVHETEX WYEXY W]WXIQ TIRERHEER FEKM EPEX ]ERK WYHEL XMHEO EQER PEKM NMOE
HMLMHYTOERWIFIPYQWEEXR]E
HMKYREOER lock out system YRXYO QIRGIKEL EKEV WEVERE TVSHYOWM XMHEO
6. Kesiapan untuk Menangani Keadaan Darurat
HMLMHYTOERWIFIPYQWEEXR]E
E /IEHEER HEVYVEX ]ERK TSXIRWMEP HM HEPEQ EXEY HM PYEV XIQTEX OIVNE XIPEL
6. Kesiapan untuk Menangani Keadaan Darurat
HMMHIRXMJMOEWMHERTVSWIHYVOIEHEERHEVYVEXXIVWIFYXXIPELHMHSOYQIRXEWMOER
E
F /IEHEER HEVYVEX
8IREKE OIVNE ]ERK TSXIRWMEP
QIRHETEX MRWXVYOWM HM
HERHEPEQ EXEYQIRKIREM
TIPEXMLER HM PYEV XIQTEX OIVNE
TVSWIHYV XIPEL
OIEHEER
HMMHIRXMJMOEWMHERTVSWIHYVOIEHEERHEVYVEXXIVWIFYXXIPELHMHSOYQIRXEWMOER
HEVYVEX]ERKWIWYEMHIRKERXMRKOEXVMWMOS
F 8IREKE OIVNE QIRHETEX MRWXVYOWM HER TIPEXMLER QIRKIREM TVSWIHYV OIEHEER
HEVYVEX]ERKWIWYEMHIRKERXMRKOEXVMWMOS
G -RWXVYOWM OIEHEER HEVYVEX HER LYFYRKER OIEHEER HEVYVEX HMTIVLEXMOER WIGEVE
NIPEWQIR]SPSOHERHMOIXELYMSPILWIPYVYLXIREKEOIVNETIVYWELEER
7. Pertolongan Pertama pada Kecelakaan
E 4IVYWELEERXIPELQIRKIZEPYEWMEPEX444/HERQIRNEQMRFEL[EW]WXIQ444/
]ERKEHEQIQIRYLMWXERHEVHHERTIHSQERXIORMW]ERKFIVPEOY
F 4IXYKEW444/XIPELHMPEXMLHERHMXYRNYOWIWYEMHIRKERTIVEXYVERTIVYRHERKER
]ERKFIVPEOY
4IVEXYVER TIVYRHERKYRHERKER ]ERK FIVOEMXER HIRKER OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE
QIQFIVMOER OI[ENMFER OITEHE TIRKYWELE SVERK EXEY FEHER LYOYQ YRXYO
QIRYRNYOOERHERQIRNIPEWOEROITEHETEVETIOIVNE]EMXY
/SRHMWMHERFELE]E]ERKHETEXXMQFYPHEPEQXIQTEXOIVNER]E
7IQYETIKEQERERHEREPEXEPEXTIVPMRHYRKER]ERKHMLEVYWOERHEPEQXIQTEX
OIVNER]E
%PEXEPEXTIPMRHYRKHMVMFEKMXIREKEOIVNE]ERKFIVWERKOYXER
'EVEHERWMOET]ERKEQERQIPEOWEREOERTIOIVNEER
&MHERKTIOIVNEERETETYRFELE]E]ERKFIVTSXIRWMQIRMQFYPOEROIGIPEOEER
LEVYWHMLMRHEVOER8MHEOEHEWISVERKTYR]ERKFIVTMOMVERWILEXHMHYRMEMRM]ERKMRKMR
QIRKEPEQMOIGIPEOEER4IRKIXELYERXIRXERKOIWIPEQEXEROIVNELEVYWHMXEREQOER
WINEO E[EP EKEV QIRNEHM OIFMEWEER LMHYT ]ERK HMTVEOXMOOER WILEVMhari. Suma’mur
QIRKEXEOER FEL[E YWELEYWELE OIWIPEQEXER WIPEMR HMXYNYOER OITEHE
XIORMO QIOERMO NYKE LEVYW QIQTIVLEXMOER EWTIO QERYWME[M (EPEQ LEP MRM
TIRHMHMOER HER TIRKKEMVELER OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE OITEHE XIREKE OIVNE QIVYTEOER
WEVERE TIRXMRK *EOXSV TIR]IFEF XIVNEHMR]E OIGIPEOEER OIVNE WIGEVE YQYQ EHEPEL
JEOXSVQERYWMEHERPMRKOYRKERYRXYOMXYFELE]E]ERKFIVLYFYRKERHIRKERJEOXSV
JEOXSV XIVWIFYX LEVYW HMOIXELYM HMMHIRXMJMOEWM HER HMIZEPYEWM WIGEVE QIRHEPEQ
WILMRKKE HETEX HMPEOYOER TIRGIKELER OIGIPEOEER ]ERK HMWIFEFOER SPIL OIKMEXER
TVEOXMOHMFIRKOIP
J. Perilaku terhadap Keselamatan Kerja
1IRYVYXOEQYW3\JSVHbehaviour is the ways behaves, esp towards other people; one’s
attitude and manner.;MREVHM . QIR]EXEOER TIVMPEOY TEHE HEWEVR]E
FIVSVMIRXEWMTEHEXYNYERgoal oriented 4IVMPEOYOMXETEHEYQYQR]EXIVQSXMZEWMSPIL
OIMRKMRERYRXYOQIRGETEMXYNYERXIVXIRXY8YNYERWTIWMJMOXMHEOWIRERXMEWEHMOIXELYM
WIGEVE WEHEV SPIL MRHMZMHY 9RMX HEWEV TIVMPEOY EHEPEL WIFYEL EOXMZMXEW 7IFEKEM
QERYWMEOMXEWIRERXMEWEQIPEOYOERWYEXYLEPFIVNEPERNEPERFIVGEOETGEOETQEOER
XMHYVFIOIVNEHERWIFEKEMR]E

,ERHSOS8,ERM QIRKEXEOERTIVMPEOYXIVNEHMOEVIREEHER]E/IFYXYLER
OIFYXYLER QSXMJQSXMJ EXEY HSVSRKERHSVSRKER ]ERK QIRHSVSRK QIRIOER
QIQEGY HER QIRKYEXOER OEV]E[ER YRXYO QIPEOYOER OIKMEXER ,YFYRKER
LYFYRKER TEVE OEV]E[ER HIRKER JEOXSVJEOXSV IOWXIVREP MRWIRXMJ ]ERK
QIR]EVEROER QIR]IFEFOER QIRHSVSRK HER QIQTIRKEVYLM QIVIOE YRXYO
QIPEOWEREOEROIKMEXER*EOXSVJEOXSVIOWXIVREPWITIVXMKENMOSRHMWMOIVNELYFYRKER
OIVNEHEROIFMNEOERTIVYWELEERXIRXERKOIREMOERTERKOEXHIPIKEWMHER[I[IRERK
HER WIFEKEMR]E QIQFIVMOER RMPEM EXEY OIKYREER YRXYO QIRHETEXOER TIVMPEOY
OEV]E[ER]ERKTSWMXMJHEPEQYWELETIRGETEMERXYNYERSVKERMWEWM&IKMXYNYKETEHE
WEEX TVEOXMO HM FIRKOIP WIWISVERK EOER FIVTIVMPEOY WIWYEM QSXMZEWM ]ERK XIVHETEX
HEPEQHMVMR]E

4IRKIXELYERTIVWITWMQSXMZEWMHERTIVMPEOYEHEPELLEP]ERKWEPMRKFIVLYFYRKER
4IRIPMXMER %FHYP /EHMV HMOEXEOER FEL[E XMRKOEX TIRKIXELYER OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE
WMW[E71/HMIREQTVSZMRWM]EMXY(/-.EOEVXE.E[E&EVEX.E[E8IRKEL.E[E8MQYV
7YQEXIVE9XEVEHER7YPE[IWM7IPEXERWIGEVEYQYQQEWMLOYVERK]EMXYWIFER]EO
1IRYVYX/EQYW&IWEV&ELEWE-RHSRIWMETIRKIXELYERHMHIJMRMWMOERWIFEKEM
WIKEPE WIWYEXY ]ERK HMOIXELYM FIVOIREER HIRKER LEP XIVXIRXY 1IRYVYX /EQYW
3\JSVHHMWIFYXOERORS[PIHKIMWXLIJEGXWMRJSVQEXMSRYRHIVWXERHMRKERHWOMPPWXLEX
E TIVWSR LEW EGUYMVIH XLVSYKL I\TIVMIRGI SV IHYGEXMSR /EMXERR]E HIRKER /
TIRKIXELYER WIWISVERK EOER QIQTIRKEVYLM XIVLEHET TIVMPEOY EXEYTYR WMOETR]E
HEPEQFIOIVNE

8IPELHMOIQYOEOERHMEXEWFEL[ETIVMPEOYXIVNEHMOEVIREEHER]EQSXMJQSXMJXIVXIRXY
,ERHSOS8,ERM QIRKEXEOERQSXMZEWMHMEVXMOERWIFEKEMOIEHEERHEPEQ
TVMFEHM WIWISVERK ]ERK QIRHSVSRK OIMRKMRER MRHMZMHY YRXYO QIPEOYOER OIKMEXER
OIKMEXER XIVXIRXY KYRE QIRGETEM XYNYER 1SXMZEWM ]ERK EHE TEHE WIWISVERK
QIVYTEOER OIOYEXER TIRHSVSRK ]ERK EOER QI[YNYHOER WYEXY TIVMPEOY KYRE
QIRGETEM XYNYER HMVMR]E &IVHEWEVOER TIRIPMXMER ,IV^FIK HOO EHE HYE OIPSQTSO
JEOXSVJEOXSV ]ERK QIQTIRKEVYLM OIVNE WIWISVERK HEPEQ SVKERMWEWM *EOXSVJEOXSV
TIR]IFEF OITYEWER OIVNE job satisfaction QIQTYR]EM TIRKEVYL TIRHSVSRK FEKM
TVIWXEWM HER WIQERKEX OIVNE HER JEOXSVJEOXSV TIR]IFEF OIXMHEOTYEWER OIVNE job
dissatisfaction QIQTYR]EM TIRKEVYL RIKEXMJ *EOXSVJEOXSV TIQYEW OIVNE HM
ERXEVER]EEHEPELTVIWXEWMTIRKLEVKEERTIOIVNEEROVIEXMJHERQIRERXERKXERKKYRK
NE[EFWIVXENEQMREROIQENYERHERTIRMRKOEXER,ERHSOS8,ERM
& * 7OMRRIV HEPEQ ,ERHSOS 8 ,ERM QIRKIQYOEOER XISVM TIQFIRXYOER TIVMPEOY
operant conditioning HMHEWEVOER EXEW LYOYQ TIRKEVYL law effect ]ERK
QIR]EXEOER FEL[E TIVMPEOY ]ERK HMMOYXM HIRKER OSRWIOYIRWMOSRWIOYIRWM
TIQYEWER GIRHIVYRK HMYPERK WIHERKOER TIVMPEOY ]ERK HMMOYXM SPIL OSRWIOYIRWM
OSRWIOYIRWM LYOYQER GIRHIVYRK XMHEO HMYPERK 4IVMPEOY MRHMZMHY HM [EOXY
QIRHEXERK HETEX HMTIVOMVEOER EXEY HMTIPENEVM HEVM TIRKEPEQER HM [EOXY ]ERK PEPY
4VSWIWTIQFIRXYOERTIVMPEOYWIGEVEWIHIVLEREHETEXHMKEQFEVOERWIFEKEMFIVMOYX

Tanggapan
Rangsangan Tanggapan Konsekuensi-
diwaktu yang
(stimulus) konsekuensi akan datang

,ERHSOS8,ERM
;MREVHM . QIRKYXMT TIRHETEX .SRIW ]ERK QIRKEXEOER FEL[E QSXMZEWM
FIVOEMXER HIRKER TIVWSEPER FEKEMQERE TIVMPEOY HME[EPM HM IRIVKM HMTIVXELEROER
HMEVELOER HMLIRXMOER HER NIRMW VIEOWM WYFNIOXMJ QEGEQ ETE XIVHETEX HM HEPEQ
SVKERMWQI]ERKFIVWERKOYXERWI[EOXYWIKEPELEP]ERKHMOIQYOEOERFIVPERKWYRK

+VE]HOOHEPEQ.;MREVHMQIRKEXEOERQSXMZEWMQIVYTEOERWINYQPELTVSWIW]ERK
FIVWMJEX MRXIVREP EXEY IOWXIVREP FEKM WISVERK MRHMZMHY ]ERK QIRMQFYPOER WMOET
IRXYWMEWQI HER TVIWMWXIRWM HEPEQ LEP QIPEOWEREOER OIKMEXEROIKMEXERXIVXIRXY
.SLR 6 7GLIVQIVLSVR .V QIRKEXEOER FEL[E QSXMZEWM YRXYO FIOIVNE QIVYTEOER
MWXMPEL ]ERK HMKYREOER HEPEQ FMHERK TIVMPEOY OISVKERMWEWMER KYRE QIRIVERKOER
OIOYEXEROIOYEXER]ERKXIVHETEXTEHEHMVMWISVERKMRHMZMHY]ERKQIRNEHMTIR]IFEF
XMQFYPR]E XMRKOEX EVEL HER TIVWMWXIRWM YTE]E ]ERK HMPEOWEREOER HEPEQ FIOIVNE
1SXMZEWMEHEPELWIFYELOSWIT]ERKHETEXOMXEKYREOERYRXYOQIQELEQMQIRKETE
WYEXY TIVMPEOY XIVNEHM -RHMZMHY FIVTIVMPEOY OEVIRE EHER]E WINYQPEL OIOYEXER ]ERK
QIRHSVSRK HEVM HEPEQ QEYTYR HEVM PYEV HMVMR]E KYRE QIRGETEM OIMRKMRER EXEY
OIFYXYLERXIVXIRXY

*EOXSV ]ERK QIQTIRKEVYLM TIVMPEOY WIWISVERK HM ERXEVER]E EHEPEL PMRKOYRKER
TIRKIXELYERTIVWITWMETE]ERKHMERKKETEXEYHMVEWEOERWIFEKEMLEP]ERKFIREV
RSVQERSVQE WSWMEP WMOETWMOET HER EHER]E QIOERMWQIQIOERMWQI TIVXELERER
;MREVHM. 7IWISVERK]ERKTIRKIXELYERHERTIVWITWMR]EVIRHELHERXMHEO
XIVQSXMZEWMLER]EEOERQIQFIVMOERYTE]EQMRMQYQHEPEQLEPFIOIVNEFIPENEVEXEY
QIPEOWEREOER OIKMEXER PEMR WILMRKKE HETEX HMOIQYOEOER FEL[E ERXEVE
TIRKIXELYER TIVWITWM WIVXE QSXMZEWM EOER QIQFIRXYO TIVMPEOY EXEY QIRKETE
WIWISVERKQIPEOYOERTIVFYEXERXIVXIRXY
K. Upaya-upaya yang Berkaitan dengan Keselamatan Kerja
1IRYVYX 7MPEPELM &IVRIXX 2& HER 6YQSRHERK FEL[E TIRGIKELER
OIGIPEOEER OIVNE TEHE HEWEVR]E QIVYTEOER XERKKYRK NE[EF TEVE QEREKIV PMRM
TIR]IPMEQERHSVOITEPEHERNYKEOITEPEYVYWER(EPEQ9RHERK9RHERK/IWILEXER
XELYR 4EWEP HMWIFYXOER FEL[E YTE]E OIWILEXER OIVNE EHEPEL YTE]E
TIR]IVEWMER ERXEVE OETEWMXEW OIVNE FIFER OIVNE HER PMRKOYRKER OIVNE EKEV WIXMET
TIOIVNE HETEX FIOIVNE WIGEVE WILEX XERTE QIQFELE]EOER HMVMR]E WIRHMVM QEYTYR
QEW]EVEOEXHMWIOIPMPMRKR]EEKEVHMTIVSPILTVSHYOXMZMXEWOIVNE]ERKSTXMQEP

9TE]E]ERKHMPEOYOERYRXYOQIRGIKELFELE]EHEPEQPMRKOYRKEROIVNEXIRXYFER]EO
QEGEQR]E/IWIPEQEXEROIVNEQIPMTYXMFIVFEKEMYTE]ETIR]IVEWMERERXEVETIOIVNE
HIRKER TIOIVNEER HER PMRKOYRKER OIVNER]E FEMO JMWMO QEYTYR TWMOMW HEPEQ LEP
GEVEQIXSHI OIVNE TVSWIW OIVNE HER OSRHMWM PMRKOYRKER 7MXYW (ITEVXIQIR
/IWILEXERQIR]IFYXOERFEL[EYRXYOQIRKERXMWMTEWMHERQIRKIXELYMOIQYRKOMRER
FELE]EHMPMRKOYRKEROIVNEHMXIQTYLXMKEPERKOELYXEQE]EORM
4IRKIREPER PMRKOYRKER OIVNE 4IRKIREPER PMRKOYRKER OIVNE MRM FMEWER]E
HMPEOYOERHIRKERGEVEQIPMLEXHERQIRKIREP[EPOXLVSYKLMRWTIGXMSR HERMRM
QIVYTEOERPERKOELHEWEV]ERKTIVXEQEXEQEHMPEOYOERHEPEQYTE]EOIWILEXER
OIVNE
)ZEPYEWM PMRKOYRKER OIVNE XELET TIRMPEMER OEVEOXIVMWXMO HER FIWEVR]E TSXIRWM
TSXIRWMFELE]E]ERKQYRKOMRXMQFYPWILMRKKEFMWEYRXYOQIRIRXYOERTVMSVMXEW
HEPEQQIRKEXEWMTIVQEWEPELER
4IRKIRHEPMERPMRKOYRKEROIVNEQIRKYVERKMEXEYQIRKLMPERKOERÊXFELER]ERK
FIVFELE]EHMPMRKOYRKEROIVNE

/IHYEXELETERWIFIPYQR]ETIRKIREPERHERIZEPYEWMXMHEOHETEXQIRNEQMRWIFYEL
PMRKOYRKER OIVNE ]ERK WILEX .EHM LER]E HETEX HMGETEM HIRKER XIORSPSKM
TIRKIRHEPMER ]ERK EHIOYEX YRXYO QIRGIKEL IJIO OIWILEXER ]ERK QIVYKMOER HM
OEPERKERTEVETIOIVNE0IFMLPERNYXHMNIPEWOERFEL[ETIRKIRHEPMERPMRKOYRKEROIVNE
HETEXHMYTE]EOERQIPEPYM
4IRKIRHEPMERPMRKOYRKEREnvironmental Control Measures
(MWEMRHERXEXEPIXEO]ERKEHIOYEX
4IRKLMPERKEREXEYTIRKYVERKERFELERFIVFELE]ETEHEWYQFIVR]E
4IRKIRHEPMERTIVSVERKERPersonal Control Measures
4IRKKYREEREPEXTIPMRHYRKTIVSVERKERQIVYTEOEREPXIVREXMJPEMRYRXYO
QIPMRHYRKMTIOIVNEHEVMFELE]EOIWILEXER2EQYREPEXTIPMRHYRKTIVSVERKER
LEVYWWIWYEMHEREHIOYEX
4IQFEXEWER [EOXY WIPEQE TIOIVNE XIVTENERK XIVLEHET ÊX XIVXIRXY ]ERK
FIVFELE]EHETEXQIRYVYROERVMWMOSXIVOIRER]EFELE]EOIWILEXERHMPMRKOYRKER
OIVNE
/IFIVWMLERTIVSVERKERHERTEOEMERR]EQIVYTEOERLEP]ERKTIRXMRKXIVYXEQE
YRXYOTEVETIOIVNE]ERKHEPEQTIOIVNEERR]EFIVLYFYRKERHIRKERFELEROMQME
WIVXETEVXMOIPPEMRLXXT[[[HITOIWKSMH

7IXMETOIGIPEOEERLEVYWHMEREPMWMWYRXYOQIRKIXELYMTIR]IFEFOIGIPEOEERXIVWIFYX
EOMFEXR]E HER PERKOEL ETE ]ERK TIVPY HMEQFMP HEPEQ VERKOE TIRGIKELERR]E
Suma’mur (198 QIRKEXEOER FEL[E KERKKYERKERKKYER TEHE OIWILEXER
HERHE]EOIVNEEOMFEXFIVFEKEMJEOXSVHETEXHMLMRHEVOERYTE]EYTE]EXIVWIFYXERXEVE
PEMR
Subtitusi, ]EMXY QIRKKERXM FELER ]ERK PIFML FIVFELE]E HIRKER FELER ]ERK
OYVERKFIVFELE]EEXEYXMHEOFIVFELE]EWEQEWIOEPM
Ventilasi umum, ]EMXY QIRKEPMVOER YHEVE WIFER]EO QIRYVYX TIVLMXYRKER
OIEHEER VYERK OIVNE EKEV OEHEV HEVM FELERFELER ]ERK FIVFELE]E SPIL
TIQEWYOER YHEVE MRM PIFML VIRHEL HEVM TEHE OEHEV ]ERK QIQFELE]EOER ]EMXY
OEHEV2MPEM%QFERK&EXEW2%& 2%&EHEPELOEHEV]ERKTEHER]EEXEYHMFE[EL
HEVMTEHER]EETEFMPETIOIVNETIOIVNEQIRKLMVYTR]EHIPETERNEQWILEVMPMQELEVM
WIQMRKKYXMHEOEOERQIRMQFYPOERTIR]EOMXEXEYOIPEMRER

Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah :
Ventilasi keluar setempat (local exhausters),MEPELEPEX]ERKFMEWER]EQIRKLMWET
YHEVEHMWYEXYXIQTEXOIVNEXIVXIRXYEKEVFELERFELERHEVMXIQTEXXIVXIRXY]ERK
QIQFELE]EOERHMLMWETHERHMEPMVOEROIPYEV
Isolasi, ]EMXY QIRKMWSPEWM STIVEWM EXEY TVSWIW HEPEQ TIVYWELEER ]ERK
QIQFELE]EOERQMWEPR]EMWSPEWMQIWMR]ERKWERKEXLMVYOEKEVOIKEHYLER]ERK
HMWIFEFOERR]EXYVYRHERXMHEOQIRNEHMKERKKYERPEKM
Pakaian pelindung, QMWEPR]E QEWOIV OEGE QEXE WEVYRK XERKER WITEXY XSTM
TEOEMERHERPEMRPEMR
Pemeriksaan kesehatan sebelum bekerja ]EMXY TIQIVMOWEER OIWILEXER OITEHE
GEPSR TIOIVNE YRXYO QIRKIXELYM ETEOEL GEPSR XIVWIFYX WIVEWM HIRKER TIOIVNEER
]ERKEOERHMFIVMOEROITEHER]EFEMOJMWMOQEYTYRQIRXEPR]E
Pemeriksaan kesehatan secara berkala/ulanganYRXYOIZEPYEWMETEOELJEOXSVJEOXSV
TIR]IFEF MXY XIPEL QIRMQFYPOER KERKKYERKERKKYEROIPEMREROIPEMRER OITEHE
XYFYLTIOIVNEEXEYXMHEO
Penerangan sebelum bekerja EKEV TIOIVNE QIRKIXELYM HER QIRXEEXM TIVEXYVER
TIVEXYVERHEREKEVQIVIOEPIFMLFIVLEXMLEXM
Pendidikan tentang kesehatan dan keselamatan kepada pekerja secara kontinu, EKEV
TEVETIOIVNEXIXET[EWTEHEHEPEQQIRNEPEROERTIOIVNEERR]E

&IVRIXX 7MPEPELM 2& HER 6YQSRHERK QIRKEXEOER FEL[E TIRGIKELER
OIGIPEOEERHMTERHERKHEVMEWTIOQERYWMER]ELEVYWFIVQYPETEHELEVMTIVXEQEOIXMOE
WIQYE OEV]E[ER FIOIVNE 7IXMET OEV]E[ER LEVYW HMFIVMXELY WIGEVE XIVXYPMW YVEMER
QIRKIREM NEFEXERR]E ]ERK QIRGEOYT JYRKWM LYFYRKER OIVNE [I[IRERK XYKEW HER
XERKKYRK NE[EF WIVXE W]EVEXW]EVEX OIVNER]E (EVM EWTIO QERYWME KINEPE TIR]IFEF
OIGIPEOEER FIVQYPE TEHE OIKMEXER XMHEO WIPEQEX QERYWME MXY WIRHMVM &IFIVETE
TIVFYEXER]ERKQIRKYWELEOEROIWIPEQEXERERXEVEPEMR
7IXMETOEV]E[ERFIVXYKEWWIWYEMHIRKERTIHSQERHERTIRYRXYR]ERKHMFIVMOER
7IXMET OIGIPEOEER EXEY OINEHMER ]ERK QIVYKMOER LEVYW WIKIVE HMPETSVOER OITEHE
EXEWER
7IXMET TIVEXYVER HER OIXIRXYER OIWIPEQEXER HER OIWILEXER OIVNE LEVYW HMTEXYLM
WIGIVQEXQYRKOMR
7IQYEOEV]E[ERLEVYWFIVWIHMEWEPMRKQIRKMWMEXEYQIRKMRKEXOEREOERTIVFYEXER
]ERKHETEXQIRMQFYPOERFELE]E
4IVEPEXER HER TIVPIRKOETER OIWIPEQEXER HER OIWILEXER OIVNE LEVYW HMTEOEM EXEY
HMTIVKYREOERFMPETIVPY

9TE]E ]ERK FIVOEMXER HIRKER OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE HM ERXEVER]E ]EMXY HEVM EWTIO
QERYWMER]E HIRKER QIRMRKOEXOER TIRKIXELYER HER OIWEHEVER TIRXMRKR]E
OIWIPEQEXEROIVNEWIVXEHEVMEWTIOPMRKOYRKER]EMXYEHER]ETIVEPEXER]ERKQIRHYOYRK
OIWIPEQEXEROIVNE
L. Media Promosi K3
4IRKIQFERKER FIOIVNE HIRKER FYHE]E WIPEQEX Behavior-based safety XIPEL
QIQFIVMOER HEQTEO TSWMXMJ XIVOEMX HIRKER FEKEMQERE EWTIO OIWILEXER HER
OIWIPEQEXERHMLEVKEMWIVXETIRIVETERR]EHMPMRKOYRKEROIVNE]ERKFIVFIHE8YNYER
FIOIVNE HIRKER FYHE]E WILEX HER WIPEQEX EHEPEL YRXYO QIRKYVERKM GIHIVE HER
QIQFMEWEOER KE]E LMHYT WILEX HM XIQTEX FIOIVNE QIPEPYM TIRHIOEXER TIVMPEOY
TIVSVERKER HER QIQFERXY HEPEQ QIRKKEPM RMPEMRMPEM HER WMOET WIVXE QIRKYFEL
TIVMPEOY QIRNEHM PIFML TSWMXMJ HER YRXYO QIQTIVPERGEV TVSKVEQ XIVWIFYX TIVPY
HMPEOYOEROSQYRMOEWMFEMOWIGEVEPERKWYRKQEYTYRXMHEOPERKWYRK
1. Pengertian Komunikasi
“Komunikasi adalah suatu proses menyortir, memilih, dan mengirimkan simbol
WMQFSP WIHIQMOMER VYTE WILMRKKE QIQFERXY TIRHIRKEV QIQFERKOMXOER
makna atau respons dari pikirannya yang sama dengan komunikator. “Everett M.
6SKIVWQIR]EXEOEROSQYRMOEWMEHEPELTVSWIWHMQEREWYEXYMHIHMEPMLOERHEVM
WYQFIVOITEHEWEXYTIRIVMQEEXEYPIFMLQEOWYHR]EYRXYOQIRKYFELXMRKOEL
laku mereka.”

/SQYRMOEWM HMFYXYLOER YRXYO QIQFIVMXELYOER EXEYQIRIVERKOER to inform
4IQFMGEVE WIFEKEM OSQYRMOEXSV QIRKMRKMROER TIRHIRKEVR]E QIQTIVGE]EM
FEL[E JEOXE EXEY MRJSVQEWM ]ERK HMWEQTEMOERR]E EOYVEX HER PE]EO YRXYO
HMOIXELui” Komunikasi dilakukan melalui saluran, yaitu jalan yang dilalu pesan
OSQYRMOEXSV YRXYO WEQTEM OI OSQYRMOERR]E 8IVHETEX HYE NEPER EKEV TIWER
OSQYRMOEXSV FMWE WEQTEM TEHE OSQYRMOER ]EMXY OSQYRMOEWM XMHEO FIVQIHME
(nonmediated communication) ]ERK FIVPERKWYRK XEXET QYOE (face-to-face) HER
OSQYRMOEWMFIVQIHME(mediated communication) :EVHMERW]EL -WXMPELPEMR
HMKYREOER YRXYO QIQFIHEOER NIRMW OSQYRMOEWM XIVWIFYX]EMXY OSQYRMOEWM
PERKWYRK (direct communication) HER OSQYRMOEWM XEO PERKWRK indirect
communication).
2. Komunikasi dengan media (mediated communication)
/SQYRMOEWM FIVQIHME EHEPEL OSQYRMOEWM ]ERK QIRKKYREOER WEPYVER EXEY
WEVEREYRXYOQIRIVYWOERWYEXYTIWEROITEHEOSQYRMOER]ERKNEYLXIQTEXR]E
dan/banyak jumlahnya” Pada komunikasi ini arus baliO XMHEO HETEX PERKWYRK
HMVEWEOER /SQYRMOEXSV XMHEO HETEX QIRKIXELYM XERKKETER OSQYRMOER TEHE
WEEXME FIVOSQYRMOEWM4IPEOWEREEROSQYRMOEWM HIRKERQIRKKYREOERQIHME
OSQYRMOEXSVLEVYWPIFMLQEXERKHEPEQTIVIRGEREERHERTIVWMETERR]EWILMRKKE
OSQYRMOEWMR]EHETEXFIVLEWMP

1IHMEOSQYRMOEWMHMPMLEXHEVMNYQPELXEVKIXOSQYRMOERR]EHETEXHMFIHEOEREXEW
media massa dan nonmedia massa. “Menurut Bitter definisi sederhana
OSQYRMOEWM QEWWE EHEPEL TIWER ]ERK HMOSQYRMOEWMOER QIPEPYM QIHME QEWWE
pada sejumlah orang”. “/SQYRMOEWM QEWWE EHEPEL TIR]IFEVER TIWER HIRKER
menggunakan media yang ditujukan kepada “massa yang abstrak”, yakni
sejumlah orang yang tidak tampak oleh si penyampai pesan” Begitu pesan
HMWEQTEMOER SPIL OSQYRMOEXSV XMHEO HMOIXELYMR]E ETEOEL TIWER MXY HMXIVMQE
HMQIRKIVXMEXEYHMPEOYOERSPILOSQYRMOER

“Komunikasi massa adalah proses komunikasi yang berlangsung di mana
TIWERR]EHMOMVMQHEVMWYQFIV]ERKQIPIQFEKEOITEHEOLEPE]EO]ERKWMJEXR]E
QEWWEP QIPEPYM EPEXEPEX ]ERK FIVWMJEX QIOERMW WITIVXM VEHMS XIPIZMWM WYVEX
kabar, dan film” Komunikasi massa mempunyai kelebihan dalam hal banyaknya
OSQYRMOER]ERKHETEXHMGETEM/IPIQELERR]EEHEPELXMHEOXIVPMLEXR]EQIVIOE
WILMRKKE XMHEO HETEX HMOSRXVSP ETEOEL TIWER ]ERK HMPERGEVOER HMXIVMQE SPIL
QIVIOE EXEY XMHEO HMQIRKIVXM EXEY XMHEO =ERK NIPEW QIHME QEWWE QIQMPMOM
OIEQTYLER YRXYO QIR]IFEVOER MRJSVQEWM OEVIRE HETEX HMXIVMQE SPIL
OSQYRMOERWIGEVEWIVIQTEOHEPEQNYQPEL]ERKVIPEXMJWERKEXFER]EO

%HEFIFIVETENIRMWQIHMEQEWWEMedia massa periodik1IHMEQEWWETIVMSHMO
EVXMR]EXIVFMXXIVEXYVTEHE[EOXY[EOXY]ERKXIPELHMXIRXYOERWIFIPYQR]E1IHME
QEWWE TIVMSHMOHETEXHMFIHEOEREXEW]ERKIPIOXVSRMOVEHMSXIPIZMWM HERRSR
IPIOXVSRMO EXEY GIXEO WYVEX OEFEV Media massa nonperiodik 1IHME QEWWE
RSRTIVMSHMOHMQEOWYHOERTEHEQIHMEQEWWE]ERKFIVWMJEXIZIRXYEPXIVKERXYRK
TEHE IZIRX XIVXIRXY 7IXIPEL IZIRX YWEM WIPIWEM TYPEPEL TIRKKYREER]E EVXMR]E
XMHEO FIVOEPE 1IHME QEWWE RSRTIVMSHMO HETEX HMFIHEOER EXEW QERYWME HER
FIRHE 1IWOMTYR MRXIRWMXEW QIHME QEWWE RSRTIVMSHMO OYVERK HMFERHMRKOER
HIRKERQIHMEQEWWETIVMSHMOREQYRYRXYOOITIRXMRKERXIVXIRXY1IHMEQEWWE
RSRTIVMSHMOXIXETIJIOXMJOEVIREQIQMPMOMOIEQTYLERQEWMRKQEWMRKYRXYOLEP
LEP XIVXIRXY HER OIPSQTSOOIPSQTSO XIVXIRXY ]ERK XIVKSPSRK WIFEKEM QIHME
GIXEOQIPMTYXMWTERHYOTSWXIVHERFVSWYV
3. Komunikasi dan promosi melalui Poster
4SWXIVQIVYTEOERQIHMEMRJSVQEWMWMRKOEXPIRKOETHERTIRXMRK]ERKHMPIXEOOERHM
XIQTEX YQYQ 4SWXIV QIVYTEOER WEPEL WEXY EPEX TVSQSWM HIRKER XYNYER YRXYO
QIQTIRKEVYLM WIWISVERK EKEV XIVXEVMO TEHE WIWYEXY EXEY QIQTIRKEVYLM
WIWISVERK EKEV FIVXMRHEO 8YNYER TSWXIV YRXYO QIRKMRKEX OIQFEPM HER
QIRKEVELOERTIQFEGEOIEVELXMRHEOERXIVXIRXYWIWYEMHIRKERETE]ERKHMMRKMROER
OSQYRMOEXSV4IRIQTEXERTSWXIV]ERKFIREVEOERPIFMLFER]EOSVERK]ERKQIPMLEX
QIRMOQEXM HER QIQFEGE TIWERTIWER ]ERK XIVGERXYQ HM TSWXIV 4SWXIV EHEPEL
KEQFEV]ERKFIWEV]ERKQIQFIVMXIOERERTEHEWEXYEXEYHYEMHITSOSOWILMRKKE
HETEXHMQIRKIVXMHIRKERQIPMLEXR]EWITMRXEWPEPY(ITEVXIQIR/IWILEXER6-
7IHERKOER QIRYVYX TIRKIVXMER TVSQSWM kesehatan “4SWXIV EHEPEL FIRXYO QIHME
GIXEOFIVMWMTIWERTIWERMRJSVQEWMOIWILEXER]ERKFMEWER]EHMXIQTIPHMXIQFSO
XIQFSO HM XIQTEXtempat umum, seperti di kendaraan umum”. Berikut adalah
OIPIFMLERHEROIOYVERKERTSWXIVWIFEKEMQIHMEOSQYRMOEWM
Kelebihannya :
E /LEPE]EO HETEX QIRKEXYV XIQTS HEPEQ QIQFEGE -E HETEX QIRKYPERK
FEGEERR]E OIQFEPMHERQIRKEXYVGEVEQIQFEGEQIHME]ERKHETEXHMXMRNEY
YPERKTIQFEGEHETEXHIRKERXIRERKQIQFEGEHIRKERXIPMXMWYVEXOEFEVHER
HETEXQIQFEGEOIQFEPMFEKMERFEKMERQIRYVYXOILIRHEOR]E
F /EVIRE WMJEXR]E ]ERK XIVGIXEO TIWERTIWERR]E FIVWMJEX TIVQERIR HER
OIOYEXERYXEQER]EEHEPELHETEXHMNEHMOERFYOXM
G 1IQYEXMRJSVQEWM]ERKGYOYTPIRKOET
H 7EEX TIQFEGE XMHEO TELEQ TEHE WEXY FEKMER HEVM MWMR]E TIQFEGE HETEX
QIRER]EOERR]ETEHESVERKPEMR
I (ETEX QIRMRKOEXOER OIWEHEVER XIVLEHET OIWILEXER HER OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE
WIVXEQIVERKWERKOITIVGE]EERWMOETHERTIVMPEOY
J (ETEX QIR]EQTEMOER MQJSVQEWM QIRKEVELOER SVERK QIPMLEX WYQFIV PEMR
EPEQEXRSXIPTLSRIHPP
K (ETEXHMFYEXWIRHMVMHMVYQELHERLEVKER]EVIPEXMJQYVEL
Kelemahannya
E 9RXYO QIRMOQEXMR]E HMTIVPYOER OIQEQTYER QIQFEGE HER EXIRWM EXEY
TIVLEXMER
F /EVIRE XMHEO FIVWMJEX EYHMXMJ HER ZMWYEP ME QIQMRXEOER TYPE OIQEQTYER
MQENMREWMTIQFEGEYRXYOQIRMOQEXMHERQIQELEQMR]E
G 1IQFYXYLOER TVSWIW TIR]YWYRER HER TIR]IFEVER ]ERK OSQTPIOW HER
QIQFYXYLOER[EOXY]ERKVIPEXMJPEQE
H .IRMW FELER ]ERK HMKYREOER FMEWER]E QYHEL WSFIO EVXMR]E OIQYRKOMRER
KERKKYERQIOERMWXMRKKMWILMRKKEMRJSVQEWM]ERKHMXIVMQEXMHEOPIRKOET
I (MXYNYOERTEHEEYHMIRXIVFEXEWOIGYEPMTSWXIVOSQIVWMIP
J 1EXIVM ]ERK OSQTPIO EXEY FIVOYEPMXEW XMRKKM QIQIVPYOER ELPM KVEJMW HER
TIVEPEXERGIXEO]ERKGERKKML
K &ME]ER]E VIPEXMJ QELEP OEVIRE TIVERGERKER HER XIORMO TIRGIXEOERR]E FEMO
HERTVSJIWMSREP
4. Promosi kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja
4VSQSWM OIWILEXER HER OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE QIVYTEOER OSQTSRIR ]ERK HMTEOEM
YRXYO QIQFIVMXELY HER QIQTIRKEVYLM TEWEV (M FMHERK TIQEWEVER TVSQSWM
QIRKERHYRK QEORE QIRKERNYVOER WIWYEXY WIVXE QIQFIVMOER WEVER ]ERK
QIQFYNYO HER QI]EOMROER TEHE OSRWYQIR EKEV XIVXEVMO TEHE FEVERK ]ERK
HMXE[EVOER HER TEHE EOLMVR]E XIVIEPMWEWM WYEXY TIRNYEPER 1IRYVYX
Swastha”Promosi adalah arus informasi atau persuasi satu arah yang dibuat untuk
QIRKEVELOER WIWISVERK EXEY SVKERMWEWM OITEHE XMRHEOER ]ERK
menciptakanpertukaran dalam pemasaran”. Besarnya manfaat suatu produk, tetapi
OEPEY XMHEO HMOIREP SPIL QEW]EVEOEX QEOE TVSHYO XIVWIFYX XMHEO EOER HMOIXELYM
QERJEEXR]EHERXMHEOFIVLEWMPHMTEWEV

/IKMEXERTVSQSWM]ERKWINEPERHIRKERFEMOVIRGERETIQEWEVERWIGEVEOIWIPYVYLER
WIVXEHMVIRGEREOERHMEVELOERHERHMOIRHEPMOERHIRKERFEMOHETEXFIVTIVERWIGEVE
EOXMJ HER FIVEVXM HM HEPEQ QIRMRKOEXOER TIRNYEPER TVSHYO XIVWIFYX /IKMEXER
TVSQSWM XMHEO LER]E HM FMHERK TIQEWEVER TVSHYO XIXETM NYKE HMKYREOER HEPEQ
FMHERKOIWILEXER(IXIVQMRERTSOSOOIWILEXEREHEPELEWTIOEWIOWSWMEPIOSRSQM
HER PMRKOYRKER ]ERK WIVMRK FIVEHE HM PYEV OSRXVSP TIVSVERKER EXEY QEW]EVEOEX
%WTIO TVSQSWM OIWILEXER ]ERK QIRHEWEV EHEPEL QIPEOYOER TIQFIVHE]EER
WILMRKESVERKQIQMPMOMOSRXVSP]ERKPIFMLFIWEVXIVLEHETEWTIOEWTIOOILMHYTER
]ERKQIRMRKOEXOERQIQTIRKEVYLMOIWILEXER

;,3QIRHIJMRMWMOERTVSQSWMOIWILEXERWIGEVEVMRKOEW]EORM4VSQSWMOIWILEXER
HER OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE EHEPEL TVSWIW QIQFYEX SVERK QEQTY QIRMRKOEXOER
OSRXVSP XIVLEHET OIWILEXER HER QIQTIVFEMOM OIWILEXER WIVXE OIWIPEQEXER
OIVNER]E%HEXMKEYRWYVLEP]ERKWERKEXQIRHEWEVYRXYOXYNYERTVSQSWMOIWILEXER
HER OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE ]EMXY QIQTIVFEMOM OIWILEXER HER QIQMPMOM OSRXVSP ]ERK
PIFML FIWEV XIVLEHET OIWILEXER WIVXE OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE QIVYTEOER PMRHE )[PIW
HER -RE 7MQRIXX HEVM EWTIO JMPSWSJMW OIKMEXER TVSQSWM OIWILEXER NMOE
FIVLEWMP EOER QIQTIRKEVYLM OILMHYTER WIWISVERK XIVYXEQE ]ERK FIVLYFYRKER
HIRKER OIWILEXERR]E 7IQYE ]ERK XIVPMFEX HEPEQ TVSQSWM OIWILEXER LEVYW
QIQELEQMXYNYERTVSQSWMOIWILEXER

8YNYEROYRGMHEVMTVSQSWMOIILEXEREHEPELQIQFIVMXELYSVERKXIRXERKGEVEGEVE
TVMPEOYHERKE]ELMHYT]ERKHETEXQIQTIRKEVYLMOIWILEXERR]EQIQFIVMXELYHER
QIR]EHEVOER FEL[E MRJSVQEWM MXY TIVPY HMQIRKIVXM KYRE QIQFERXY HEPEQ
QIRKKEPMRMPEMRMPEMHERWMOETWIVXEQIRKYFELTIVMPEOYQIRNEHMPIFMLTSWMXMTPMRHE
)[PIWHER-RE7MQRIXX
5. Pendidikan dan bidang promosi kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja
7SIOMHNS 2SXSEXQSHNS QIRKIQYOEOER FEL[E 6YERK PMRKOYT TIRHMHMOER
OIWILEXERHEROIWIPEQEXEROIVNEHETEXHMPMLEXHEVMFIFIVETEHMQIRWMERXEVEPEMR
HMQIRWMWEWEVERTIRHMHMOERHMQIRWMXIQTEXTIPEOWEREERETPMOEWMR]EHERHMQIRWM
XMRKOEX TIPE]ERERR]E 4IRHMHMOER OIWILEXER HEVM dimensi sasarannya HETEX
HMOIPSQTSOOERQIRNEHMXMKE]EMXY
E 4IRHMHMOEROIWILEXERMRHMZMHYHIRKERWEWEVERMRHMZMHY
F 4IRHMHMOEROIWILEXEROIPSQTSOHIRKERWEWEVEROIPSQTSO
G 4IRHMHMOEROIWILEXERQEW]EVEOEXHIRKERWEWEVERQEW]EVEOEX

4IRHMHMOEROIWILEXERHEVMdimensi tempat pelaksanaannyaHETEXFIVPERKWYRKHM
FIVFEKEMXIQTEXWITIVXM
E 4IRHMHMOEROIWILEXERHM7IOSPELHIRKERWEWEVERWMW[EQYVMH
F 4IRHMHMOER OIWILEXER HM VYQEL WEOMX HIRKER WEWEVER TEWMIR HER OIPYEVKE
TEWMIR
G 4IRHMHMOEROIWILEXERHMXIQTEXOIVNEHIRKERWEWEVERTIOIVNEEXEYOEV]E[ER
]ERKFIVWERKOYXER

4IRHMHMOER/IWILEXERHEVMdimensi tingkat pelayananHETEXHMPEOYOERFIVHEWEVOER
PMQEXMRKOEXTIRGIKELERfive levels of prootion ]EORM
a. Promosi Kesehatan (health promotion)
%HEXYNYLFMHERKOIKMEXERTVSQSWMOIWILEXERHERWIGEVEKEVMWFIWEVHETEX
HMPMLEXTEHEHMEKVEQFIVMOYXMRM0MRHE)[PIWHER-RE7MQRIXX


Pelayanan Kebijakan publik yang
Program Pendidikan Kesehatan Kesehatan Preventif
Primer,sconder,dan tersier sehat
Bidang Kegiatan Pengembangan

Kegiatan ekonomi dan
Promosi organisasi
peraturan
Kesehatan
Tindakan Kesehatan Kegiatan berbasis

Enviromenntal pada masyarakat
Gambar 92. Tujuh Bidang Kegiatan Promosi Kesehatan Dan Keselamatan Kerja
b. Perlindungan khusus (Specifik Protection)

c. Diagnosa Dini (Early diagnosis)
d. Pengobatan segera (Prompt trethment)
e. Pembatasan Cacat (Disability limitation) dan Pemulihan (Rehabilitation)
6. Media Promosi kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja (K3)
1IHME PEXMR EHEPEL FIRXYO NEQEO HEVM QIHMYQ %WWSGMEXMSR JSV )HYGEXMSR ERH
'SQQYRMGEXMSR 8IGLRSPSK] %)'8 QIRHIJMRMWMOER QIHME WIFEKEM WIKEPE FIRXYO
]ERK HMQERJEEXOER HEPEQ TVSWIW TIR]EPYVER MRJSVQEWM 2EXMSREP )HYGEXMSR
%WWSGMEXMSR 2)% QIRHIJMRMWMOER QIHME WIFEKEM WIKEPE FIRHE ]ERK HETEX
HMQERMTYPEWM HMPMLEX HMHIRKEV HMFEGE EXEY HMFMRGERKOER FIWIVXE MRWXVYQIR YRXYO
WYEXY OIKMEXER 1IHME TVSQSWM OIWILEXER HER OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE EHEPEL WIQYE
WEVEREEXEYYTE]EYRXYOQIREQTMPOERTIWEREXEYMRJSVQEWM]ERKMRKMRHMWEQTEMOER
SPIL OSQYRMOEXSV FEMO MXY QIPEPYM QIHME GIXEO IPIOXVSRMOE HER QIHME PYEV VYERK
WILMRKKE WEWEVER HETEX QIRMRKOEXOER TIRKIXELYERR]E ]ERK EOLMVR]E HETEX
FIVYFEL TIVMPEOY OI EVEL ]ERK PIFML TSWMXMJ XIVLEHET OIWILEXER HER OIWIPEQEXER
OIVNE 1IHME MRM HMWYWYR FIVHEWEVOER TVMRWMT FEL[E TIRKIXELYER ]ERK EHE TEHE
WIXMETQERYWMEHMXERKOETHERHMXIVMQEQIPEPYMTERGE MRHIVE1IHME TIRHMHMOERMRM
HMQEOWYHOER YRXYO QIRKEVELOER MRHIVE OITEHE WYEXY SF]IO WILMRKKE
QIQTIVQYHEL TIVWITWM WIWISVERK 1IHME EOER WERKEX QIQFERXY HM HEPEQ
QIPEOYOER TIR]YPYLER EKEV TIWERTIWER OIWILEXER HER OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE HETEX
HMWEQTEMOERPIFMLNIPEWHERWEWEVERHETEXQIRIVMQETIWERXIVWIFYXHIRKERNIPEW
TYPE

1IHMEQIQFYEXSVERKPIFMLQIRKIVXMJEOXEOIWILEXERHEROIWIPEQEXEROIVNE]ERK
HMERKKET VYQMX WILMRKKE HETEX QIRKLEVKEM FIXETE FIVRMPEMR]E OIWILEXER HER
OIWIPEQEXEROIVNEFEKMWYEXYOILMHYTER1IHMEEHEPELTEHELEOMOEXR]EEHEPELEPEX
FERXYTIRHMHMOER%:% OEVIREEPEXEPEXXIVWIFYXQIVYTEOERWEPYVERchannel YRXYO
QIR]EQTEMOERMRJSVQEWMOIWILEXERHEROEVIREEPEXEPEXXIVWIFYXHMKYREOERYRXYO
QIQTIVQYHELTIRIVMQEERTIWEROIWILEXERFEKMQEW]EVEOEX

1ERJEEX QIHME TVSQSWM / 1IRMQFYPOER QMREX WEWEVER TIRHMHMOER 1IRGETEM
WEWEVER ]ERK PIFML FER]EO 1IQFERXYHEPEQ QIRKEXEWM FER]EO LEQFEXER HEPEQ
TIQELEQER1IVERKWERKWEWEVERTIRHMHMOERYRXYOQIRIVYWOERTIWERTIWER]ERK
HMXIVMQE OITEHE SVERK PEMR 1IQTIVQYHEL TIR]EQTEMER FELER
TIRHMHMOERMRJSVQEWM SPIL TEVE TIRHMHMOTIPEOY TIRHMHMOER 1IRHSVSRK OIMRKMRER
YRXYOQIRKIXELYMOIQYHMERPIFMLQIRHEPEQMHEREOLMVR]EQIRHETEXOERTIRKIVXMER
]ERK PIFML FEMO 1IQFERXY QIRIKEOOER TIRKIVXMER ]ERK HMTIVSPIL 'MVM QIHME
4VSQSWM]ERKFEMO1YHELHMFYEX&ELERFELERR]EHETEXHMTIVSPILHMFELERFELER
PSGEP(MXYPMWHMKEQFEVHIRKERWIHIVLERE1IQEOEMFELEWEWIXIQTEXHERQYHEL
HMQIRKIVXM SPIL QEW]EVEOEX 1IQIRYLM OIFYXYLEROIFYXYLER TIXYKEW OIWILEXER
HER QEW]EVEOEX OSQYRMOEXMJ HER QIREVMO (EPEQ TIQFYEXER QIHME ]ERK LEVYW
HMTIVLEXMOERXIRXERKWEWEVERERXEVEPEMR-RHMZMHYEXEYOIPSQTSO/EXIKSVMOEXIKSVM
WEWEVER WITIVXM OIPSQTSO YQYVHER TIRHMHMOER &ELEWE ]ERK HM KYREOER %HEX
MWXMEHEXWIVXEOIFMEWEER1MREXHERTIVLEXMER4IRKIXELYERHERTIRKEPEQERWEWEVER
XIRXERKTIWER]ERKEOERHMXIVMQE

8IQTEX QIQEWERK QIRKKYREOER QIHME TVSQSWM / (M HEPEQ OIPYEVKE
OYRNYRKERVYQEL[EOXYQIRSPSRKTIVWEPMRERQIVE[EXFE]MHERPEMRWIFEKEMR]E
(MQEW]EVEOEXTIVE]EERLEVMLEVMFIWEVEVMWEREVMWERTIRKENMERHERWIXIVYWR]E(M
MRWXERWMMRWXERWMTYWOIWQEW67/ERXSVOERXSVWIOSPELHERWIXIVYWR]E %PEX%PEX
&ERXYTIVEKEQIHME FIPENEV XIVWIFYX HETEX HMTIVKYREOER SPIL 4IXYKEWTIXYKEW
TYWOIWQEWOIWILEXER /EHIV OIWILEXER +YVYKYVY WIOSPEL HER XSOSLXSOSL
QEW]EVEOEX 8YNYER TVSQSWM HER XYNYER TIRKKYREER QIHME 4VSQSWM ERXEVE PEMR
1IREREQOER TIRKIXELYERTIRKIVXMER TIRHETEX HER OSRWITOSRWIT 1IRKYFEL
TIVWITWMWMOETHERTIVMPEOY]ERKPIFMLTSWMXMJ1IREREQOERXMRKOELPEOYOIFMEWEER
]ERK FEVY 8YNYER TIRKKYREER QIHME TVSQSWM WIFEKEM EPEX FERXY HEPEQ
PEXMLERTIREXEVERTIRHMHMOER HER TIR]YPYLER YRXYO QIRMQFYPOER TIVLEXMER
XIVLEHET WYEXY QEWEPEL YRXYO QIRKMRKEXOER WYEXY TIWERMRJSVQEWM YRXYO
QIRNIPEWOER JEOXEJEOXE TVSWIHYV HER XMRHEOER QIQTIVQYHEL TIR]EQTEMER
MRJSVQEWMQIHME HETEX QIRKLMRHEVM OIWIPELER TIVWITWM HETEX QIQTIVNIPEW
MRJSVQEWM QIHME HETEX QIQTIVQYHEL TIRKIVXMER QIRKYVERKM OSQMRMOEWM ]ERK
ZIVFEPMWXMO QIREQTMPOER SF]IO ]ERK XMHEO FMWE HMXERKOET QEXE QIHME HETEX
QIQTIVPERGEVOSQYRMOEWM

1EGEQQEGEQ%PEX&ERXYTIVEKEQIHME4VSQSWM/TEHEHEWEVR]EEHEXMKENIRMW
QIHMETVSQSWMEXEYTIQFIPENEVER/]EORM%PEXFERXYTIVEKEQIHMEFIPENEVPMLEX
ZMWYEPEMHW ]ERKFIVKYREHEPEQQIRWXMQYPEWMMRHVEQEXETIRKPMLEXER TEHE[EOXY
XIVNEHMR]E TIRHMHMOER HEPEQ FIRXYO EPEX ]ERK HMTVS]IOWMOER WPMHI JMPQ JMPQ WXVMT
HWF HER EPEXEPEX ]ERK XMHEO HMTVS]IOWMOER HYE HMQIRWM KEQFEV TIXE TSWXIV
FEKER XMKE HMQIRWM FSPE HYRME FSRIOE HWF %PEX FERXY HIRKER EYHMS EMHW
TMVMRKERLMXEQTMXEWYEVE%PEXFERXYPMLEXHIRKEVWITIVXMXIPIZMWMHERvideo casset
Media Promosi K3 juga dapat digolongkan menjadi tiga macam, yaitu:

a. Media elektronik
=EMXY WYEXY QIHME FIVKIVEO HER HMREQMW HETEX HMPMLEX HER HMHIRKEV HEPEQ
QIR]EQTEMOERTIWERR]EQIPEPYMEPEXFERXYIPIOXVSRMOE'SRXSL8IPIZMWM6EHMS
*MPQ/EWIX'(:'((:(Slide Show
Kelebihan: WYHEL HMOIREP QEW]EVEOEX QIPMFEXOER WIQYE TERGE MRHVE PIFML
QYHEL HMTELEQM PIFML QIREVMO OEVIRE EHE WYEVE HER KEQFEV FIVXEXET QYOE
TIR]ENMER HETEX HMOIRHEPMOER NERKOEYER VIPEXMJ PIFML FIWEVPYEW WIFEKEM EPEX
HMWOYWMHETEXHMYPERK–YPERK
Kelemahan: FME]EPIFMLXMRKKMWIHMOMXVYQMXQIQIVPYOERIRIVKMPMWXVMOHMTIVPYOER
EPEX GERKKML HEPEQ TVSWIW TVSHYOWM TIVPY TIVWMETER ]ERK QEXERK TIVEPEXER
]ERK WIPEPY FIVOIQFERK HER FIVYFEL TIVPY OIXIVEQTMPER TIR]MQTERER TIVPY
OIXIVEQTMPERHEPEQTIRKSTIVEWMER
b. Media luar ruang
=EMXY WYEXY QIHME ]ERK QIR]EQTEMOER TIWERR]E HM PYEV VYERK WIGEVE YQYQ
QIPEPYM QIHME GIXEO HER IPIOXVSRMO WIGEVE WXEXMW 'SRXSL TETER VIOPEQI
WTERHYOTEQIVERFERRIV8:PE]EVPIFEV
Kelebihan: WIFEKEMMRJSVQEWMYQYQHERLMFYVERQIPMFEXOERWIQYETERGEMRHVE
PIFMLQIREVMOOEVIREEHEWYEVEHERKEQFEVEHER]EXEXETQYOETIR]ENMERHETEX
HMOIRHEPMOERNERKOEYERVIPEXMJPIFMLPYEW
Kelemahan: FME]EPIFMLXMRKKMWIHMOMXVYQMXEHE]ERKQIQIVPYOERPMWXVMOHEREXEY
EPEX GERKKML TIVPY OIWMETER ]ERK QEXERK TIVEPEXER ]ERK WIPEPY FIVOIQFERK HER
FIVYFELTIVPYOIXVEQTMPERTIR]MQTERER
c. Media Cetak
=EMXYWYEXYQIHMEWXEXMWHERQIRKYXEQEOERTIWER–TIWERZMWYEP4EHEYQYQR]E
XIVHMVM HEVM KEQFEVER WINYQPEL OEXE KEQFEV EXEY JSXS HEPEQXEXE [EVRE 'SRXSL
4SWXIV PIEJPIX FVSWYV QENEPEL WYVEX OEFEV PIQFEV FEPMO *YRKWM 9XEQE 1IQFIVM
MRJSVQEWMHERQIRKLMFYV
Kelebihan: XELERPEQEQIRGEOYTFER]EOSVERKFME]EXMHEOXIVPEPYXMRKKMXMHEOTIVPY
IRIVKM PMWXVMO HETEX HMFE[E QIQTIVQYHEL TIQELEQER QIRMRKOEXOER KEMVEL
FIPENEV
Kelemahan : 8MHEOHETEXQIRWMQYPEWMIJIOWYEVEHERIJIO1YHELXIVPMTEX

1IHME GIXEO WIFEKEM EPEX FERXY QIR]EQTEMOER TIWERTIWER OIWILEXER WERKEX
FIVZEVMEWMERXEVEPEMRWIFEKEMFIVMOYX
BookletMEPELWYEXYQIHMEYRXYOQIR]EQTEMOERTIWERTIWEROIWILEXERHEPEQ
FIRXYOFYOYFEMOFIVYTEXYPMWERQEYTYRKEQFEVKEQFEV
Leafleat MEPEL FIRXYO TIR]EQTEMER MRJSVQEWM EXEY TIWERTIWER OIWILEXER
QIPEPYMPIQFEV]ERKHMPMTEX
Flyer WIPIFEVER MEPELFIRXYOWITIVXMPIEJPIEXXIXETMXMHEOFIVPMTEX
Flip chatPIQFEVFEPMO QIHMETIR]EQTEMERTIWEREXEYMRJSVQEWMOIWILEXER
HEPEQFIRXYOPIQFEVFEPMOHERFIVMWMKEQFEVTIVEKEER
Rubrik atau tulisan8YPMWERTEHEWYVEXOEFEVEXEYQENEPEL]ERKQIQFELEW
WYEXYQEWEPELOIWILEXEREXEYLEPLEPPEMR]ERKFIVOEMXERHIRKEROIWILEXER
PosterMEPELFIRXYOQIHMEGIXEO]ERKFIVMWMTIWEREXEYMRJSVQEWMOIWILEXER
]ERK FMEWER]E HMXIQTIP HM XIQFSOXIQFSO HMXIQTEXXIQTEX YQYQ EXEY HM
OIRHEVEERYQYQ

4SWXIVQIVYTEOERQIHMEMRJSVQEWMWMRKOEXPIRKOETHERTIRXMRK]ERKHMPIXEOOERHM
XIQTEXYQYQ4SWXIVQIVYTEOEREPEXTVSQSWMHIRKERXYNYERYRXYOQIQTIRKEVYLM
WIWISVERK EKEV XIVXEVMO TEHE WIWYEXY EXEY QIQTIRKEVYLM WIWISVERK EKEV
FIVXMRHEONEHMTSWXIVEHEPELYRXYOQIRKMRKEXOIQFEPMHERQIRKEVELOERTIQFEGE
OI EVEL XMRHEOER XIVXIRXY WIWYEM ]ERK HMMRKMROER OSQYRMOEXSV FIREV EOER SVERK
PIFMLFER]EO]ERKQIPMLEXQIRMOQEXMHERQIQFEGETIWERTIWER]ERKXIVGERXYQ
FMPE TIRIQTEXERR]E HMPEOYOER HIRKER FEMO 1IRYVYX (ITEVXIQIR /IWILEXER 6-
TSWXIVEHEPELKEQFEV]ERKFIWEV]ERKQIQFIVMXIOERERTEHEWEXYEXEY
HYEMHITSOSOWILMRKKEHETEXHMQIRKIVXMQIPMLEXR]EWITMRXEWPEPY

4IVFIHEERQIRHEWEVTSWXIVHIRKERQIHMETVSQSWMPEMRR]EEHEPELTSWXIVHMFEGE
SVERK]ERKWIHERKFIVKIVEOQYRKOMRWIHERKFIVOIRHEVEEXEYFIVNEPEROEOM&VSWYV
FSSOPIX JP]IV HMVERGERK YRXYO HMFEGE WIGEVE OLYWYW QYRKOMR HYHYO EXEY WIWEEX
WEQFMP FIVHMVM 4SWXIV LEVYW HETEX QIREVMO TIVLEXMER TIQFEGER]E WIOIXMOE HER
HEPEQLMXYRKERHIXMOTIWERR]ELEVYWHMQIRKIVXM4SWXIVHMKYREOERYRXYOFIVFEKEM
QEGEQ OITIVPYER WITIVXM FIVMOYX MRM QIRKYQYQOERQIQTIVOIREPOER WYEXY
EGEVEQIQTVSQSWMOERPE]ERERNEWEQIRNYEPWYEXYTVSHYOQIQFIRXYOWMOETEXEY
TERHERKER
1) Tipikal poster yang baik
1IRYVYX0MRHEI[PIWHER-REWMQRIXX XMTITSWXIV]ERKFEMOERXEVE
PEMRFIVLEWMPQIR]EQTEMOERMRJSVQEWMWIGEVEGITEXMHIHERMWM]ERKQIREVMO
TIVLEXMER QIQTIRKEVYLM QIQFIRXYO STMRMTERHERKER QIRKKYREOER
[EVRE[EVRE ]ERK QIR]SPSO HER QIREVMO QIRIVETOER TVMRWMT
’simplicity’WIHIVLERE HER PYKEW XIOEROER LEPLEP ]ERK TIRXMRK HIRKER
QIRKYFELLYVYJWX]PIEXEY[EVREKYREOERFELEWE]ERKHMQIRKIVXMWEWEVER
FIWEVLYVYJLEVYWQEWYOHEPEQNERKOEYERQEXEKYREOERPIXEOHMWTPE]HIRKER
STXMQEPHERKYREOER[EVRE

1IQFYEX TSWXIV TIVPY QIQTIVLEXMOER TW]GSPSKM [EVRE EXEY TIQEOREER
[EVREEKEVTIWERHERKEQFEV]ERKHMFYEXPIFMLETVIWMEXMJHEPEQQIVERGERK
TIQFYEXER TSWXIV HIWEMRIV KVEJMWR]E TIVPY QIQTIVLEXMOER TW]GSPSKM [EVRE
HEPEQ XEXE TIR]ENMER TIWERR]E EKEV PIFML QIR]IRXYL VEWE HER PIFML
OSQYRMOEXMJWIVXEQIQFIVMOERHE]EXEVMO]ERKXMRKKM(EPEQTWMOSPSKM[EVRE
HETEX QIQMPMOM QEORE HER OIWER QEWMRKQEWMRK WITIVXM FIVYOYX MRM ;EVRE
QIVELQIQMPMOMFIVFEKEMEVXM1IVELHETEXFIVEVXMFIVLIRXM[EVREQIVELNYKE
WIVMRK HMKYREOER YRXYO QIPEQFERKOER OIQEVELER VEWE QEPY HEVEL
OIOIVEWERTIVERKREJWYETMHERFMWENYKEHMKYREOERWIFEKEMXERHEFELE]E
FIWEV HEPEQ FIRHIVE OIFERKWEER -RHSRIWME [EVRE QIVEL HEPEQ FIRHIVE
-RHSRIWMEQIPEQFERKOEROIFIVERMER(M'MRE[EVREQIVELFIVEVXMTIVE]EER
OIFIVYRXYRKER HER OIQEOQYVER HEPEQ HIWEMR VEKEQ LMEW [EVRE QIVEL
FIVEVXMEHETIRIOEREREXEYEHE]ERKLEVYWHMTIVLEXMOER

;EVRE FMVY WIVMRK HMEWSWMEWMOER WIFEKEM [EVRE PERKMX EXEY[EVRE PEYXER &MVY FMWE
QIPEQFERKOER TIVWEXYER OIXIRERKER TIVGE]E HMVM OIFMNEOWEREEER MHIEPMWQI
PS]EPMXEW GELE]E TPERIX &YQM YHEVE XIORSPSKM OSRWIVZEXMWQI OIHEQEMER
OIFIREVER HER OIVEQELXEQELER &ER]EO ]ERK FIVTIRHETEX FMVY EHEPEL [EVRE
XIVFEMOHIRKERFIVFEKEMWMJEXTSWMXMJ/YRMRKEHEPEL[EVRE]ERKQIPEQFERKOERWMREV
QEXELEVMOIGIVMEEROIKIQFMVEERSTXMQMWQIOIOE]EERIQEW LEVETERPMFIVEPMWQI
OIXMHEONYNYVERVEQELOIWIVEOELEROIPIQELERGIQFYVYFIVKEMVELHERPEMRPEMR(M
1IWMVOYRMRKFIVEVXMFIVOEFYRKHM.ITERKFIVEVXMOIFIVERMER;EVREOYRMRKWIVMRK
NYKEHMEVXMOERWIFEKEMPEQFERKOIEKYRKER[EVREOYRMRKQIQMPMOMOIWERWIQERKEX
HERTEREW

;EVRETMROWIVMRKWIVMRKWIOEPMHMLYFYRKOERHIRKERGMRXEVSQERXMWQIOIOEKYRKER
YRKOETER XIVMQE OEWML HER WMQTEXM ;EVRE TMRO NYKE HETEX QIR]MQFSPOER
OI[ERMXEER OIWILEXER HER TIVRMOELER 7IKMXMKE FIV[EVRE TMRO QIR]MQFSPOER
LSQSWIOWYEPMXEW HER FMWIOWYEPMXEW 4MXE FIV[EVRE TMRO FMEWE HMKYREOER YRXYO
QIR]IQERKEXMTIRHIVMXEOEROIVTE]YHEVE4EPIVQSWEPELWEXYXMQOYHELMXEQ7IVMI
% QIRKKYREOER OSWXYQ [EVRE TMRO ;EVRE LMNEY EHEPEL [EVRE HEYR HER VYQTYX
PETERKERWITEOFSPE;EVREMRMWIVMRKHMEWSWMEWMOERHIRKERTIVXYQFYLEROIPELMVER
LEPLEPEPEQMELOIWILEXEROIWIMQFERKERHERWXEFMPMXEW1EWMLLMNEYFIVEVXMFIPYQ
FIVTIRKEPEQER(M%QIVMOELMNEYFIVEVXMYERKHM'MREFIVEVXMEMFEXEYQEPYHM%JVMOE
9XEVE QIR]MQFSPOER OSVYTWM 4EHE ÊQER TIVXIRKELER (M -RKKVMW -VPERHME HER
%QIVMOE [EVRE MRM HMERKKET WIFEKEM [EVRE TIQFE[E WMEP ;EVRE LMNEY QIQMPMOM
OIWERQIR]INYOOER

'SOPEX QIPEQFERKOER OIXIRERKER OIHEPEQER OIOE]EER WXEFMPMXEW XVEHMWM
OIQMWOMREROIOEWEVER&MWENYKEYRXYOQIPEQFERKOERSVKERMWQIREXYVEPEXEYLEP
LEP EPEQMEL ;EVRE GSOPEX HETEX QIRHSVSRK SVERK YRXYO QIQMPMOM OIMRKMRER
OIWILEXEROIWIXMEEROIWIHIVLEREEROIVEQELXEQELERHERWMJEXFIVXERKKYRKNE[EF
4YXMLQIPEQFERKOERWEPNYTIVHEQEMEROIFIVWMLEROIWYGMERXEOFIVWEPELWXIVMPHER
OIWIHIVLEREER&IRHIVETYXMLHMKYREOERWIFEKEMXERHEQIR]IVEL(M-RHMEHER'MRE
TYXML FIVEVXM FIVOEFYRK %FYEFY FMWE FIVEVXM OIQI[ELER OIVIRHELER LEXM
TIRKLSVQEXER OIWIMQFERKER OIFMNEOWEREER RIXVEPMXEW JSVQEPMXEW OILEPYWER
OIVYWEOERHERIQSWM]ERKOYEXWIVMRKHMEWSWMEOERHIRKERHIFYEWETHERTSPYWM
;EVREMRMNYKEFMWEFIVEVXMFIVOEFYRK

;EVRE NMRKKE SVER]I QIPEQFERKOER ,MRHYMWQI &YHHLMWQI IRIVKM OIIPSOER
EVSKER OIWIMQFERKER IQSWM XMRKKM WYOE FIVQEMR HER ERXYWMEWQI 7ITIVM [EVRE
OYRMRK [EVRE NMRKKE NYKE QIQMPMOM OIWER TEREW ;EVRE LMXEQ WIVMRK HMLYFYRK
LYFYRKOER HIRKER QMWXIVM WIXER OIXEOYXER HER OIQEXMER ;EVRE ]ERK FMEWE
HMKYREOERWIFEKEM[EVREXMRXEMRMNYKEHETEXFIVEVXMQSHIVRMXEWOIOYEXERHYRME[M
OIWIHMLERJSVQEPMXEWHYOEGMXEHEROIQI[ELER[EVRELMXEQFIVOIWERWIVEQEXEY
KSXMG[EVRELMXEQFIVOIWERQIRKIGMPOER

9RXYOQIRKLEWMPOERTSWXIV]ERKFEMOTIVPYQIRIVETOERTVMRWMTTVMRWMTHIWEMRHEPEQ
TIQFYEXERTSWXIVXIVWIFYXERXEVEPEMR
a) Balance (keseimbangan)
%HENIRMWOIWIMQFERKER]ERKFMWEHMXIVETOEROIWIMQFERKERFMWEHMGETEMWIGEVE
WMQIXVMW KEVMWKEVMW MQENMRIV FEMO ZIVXMOEP EXEY LSVMWSRXEP HETEX HMKYREOER YRXYO
QIRGETEMOIWIMQFERKER[EPEYTYRXMHEOWMQIXVMW
b) Movement, (alur baca).%PYVFEGE]ERKHMEXYVWIGEVEWMWXIQEXMWSPILHIWEMRIVYRXYO
mengarahkan ‘mata pembaca’ dalam menelusuri informasi, satu bagian ke bagian
PEMRTEHETSWXIV
c) Emphasis, (penekanan). 4VMRWMT MRM ]ERK XIVTIRXMRK HEPEQ QIRHIWEMR TSWXIV
4IRIOERERFMWEHMGETEMHIRKERQIQFYEXWPSKERNYHYPEXEYMPYWXVEWMJSXSNEYLPIFML
QIRSRNSPHEVMIPIQIRHIWEMRPEMRFIVHEWEVOERYVYXERTVMSVMXEW
Penekanan bisa dicapai dengan:
4IVFERHMRKERYOYVER
0EXEVFIPEOERK]ERKOSRXVEWHIRKERXYPMWEREXEYKEQFEV
4IVFIHEER[EVRE]ERKQIRGSPSO
Memanfaatkan ‘white space’ atau bidang kosonK
4IVFIHEERNIRMWYOYVERHER[EVRELYVYJ
d) Unity, (kesatuan). &IFIVETE FEKMER HEPEQ TSWXIV LEVYW HMKEFYRK EXEY HMTMWEL
WIHIQMOMER VYTE QIRNEHM OIPSQTSOOIPSQTSO MRJSVQEWM 1MWEPR]E REQE KIHYRK
LEVYW HIOEX HIRKER XIOW EPEQEX7TPEWL HMWOSR NERKER FIVNEYLER HIRKER TVSHYO
]ERK HMQEOWYH Kesatuan dapat dicapai dengan: 1IRHIOEXOER FIFIVETE IPIQIR
desain, dibuat ‘overlapping’, Menggunakan bidang kotak/lingkaran, Memanfaatkan
KEVMWYRXYOTIQMWELERMRJSVQEWM4IVFIHEER[EVREFEGOKVSYRH
e) Specific appeal, (penampilan/kesan). 4SWXIV HMVERGERK YRXYO OITIVPYER OLYWYW
berdasarkan suatu tema. Hal ini untuk memberikan ‘kesan’ suatu sentuhan yang
WIWYEMHIRKERTVSHYOEGEVEEXEYPE]ERER4SWXIVYRXYOTEVJYQ[ERMXEWIFEMOR]E
XIVOIWER JIQMRMR PIQFYX EXEY HIOSVEXMJ 4SWXIV YRXYO QIRNYEP XVYO WIFEMOR]E
QIRKKYREOER [EVRE[EVRE ]ERK FIVEX LYVYJLYVYJ ]ERK XIFEP HER QEWMJ 4SWXIV
YRXYOTVSQSWM/WIFEMOR]EQIQMPMOMOIWER]ERQI]EOMROERHERHETEXQIQSXMZEWM
SVERK YRXYO QIVYFEL TIVMPEOY WIWISVERKOIPSQTSO QIRNEHM PIFML TSWMXMT HER
QIR]EHEVOER YRXYO PIFML QIRKYXEQEOER OIWILEXER HER OIEQERER OIVNE safety
first

Buku Manajemen Bengkel Fix Ban 2

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BAB II

KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA

A. Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja

MANAJEMEN BENGKEL DAN LABORATORIUM YANG SEHAT DAN SELAMAT BERBASIS 5S 95

96 MANAJEMEN BENGKEL DAN LABORATORIUM YANG SEHAT DAN SELAMAT BERBASIS 5S

MANAJEMEN BENGKEL DAN LABORATORIUM YANG SEHAT DAN SELAMAT BERBASIS 5S 97

98 MANAJEMEN BENGKEL DAN LABORATORIUM YANG SEHAT DAN SELAMAT BERBASIS 5S

Jumlah Maksimum Pekerja Jumlah WC Jumlah Washbasin

Jumlah Maksimum Pekerja Jumlah WC

MANAJEMEN BENGKEL DAN LABORATORIUM YANG SEHAT DAN SELAMAT BERBASIS 5S 99

Gambar 52. Sumber Bahaya

Gambar 53. Bahaya Saat Kerja

&ELE]EOIWIPEQEXEROIVNE WEJIX]LE^EVH EHEPELNIRMWFELE]E]ERKFIVHEQTEO

Gambar 54. Bahaya Kesehatan

6IWMOS HMHIJMRMWMOER WIFEKEM OIGIRHIVYRKER EOER XIVNEHMR]E WYEXY OINEHMER ]ERK

Gambar 56.Pencahayaan Langsung

b. Pencahayaan Semi Langsung (semi direct lighting)

c. Sistem Pencahayaan Difus (general diffus lighting)

Gambar 58. Pencahayaan Semi Tidak Langsung

e. Sistem Pencahayaan Tidak Langsung (indirect lighting)

Gambar 59. Pencahayaan Tidak Langsung

1IRYVYX &EQFERK 7YLEHVM  FEL[E HEPEQ WMWXIQ TIRGELE]EER HM

Gambar 60. Instruktur Lampu Pijar

Tabel 9. Karakteristik Kinerja Pencahayaan dari Luminer yang

Tabel 10. Tingkat Pencahayaan

Gambar 63. Pemasangan Canopyhood

Gambar 64. Ventilasi Sistem Slot

Gambar 65. Ductwork

Gambar 66. Pipa Membelok

Gambar 67. Bentuk Pipa Cabang

Gambar 68. Smoke Detector

Gambar 69. Fire Alarm

Lokasi Bahaya Peringatan dan Pencegahan

Warna Makna Keterangan

 4IRERHE MRJSVQEWM OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE TIVWIKM TERNERK EXEY FYNYV WERKOEV

Kondisi/material Reaksi tubuh

.MOE XIVLMVYT HETEX QIR]IFEFOER pneumokoniosis VEHERK TEVY

8IQTEX OIVNE [EPEYTYR QIRKERHYRK WYQFIVWYQFIV FELE]E FEKM OIWILEXER REQYR

Bagian Tubuh Bahaya PPE

8IPMRKE 8YXYT XIPMRKE HIRKER (ear muff) EXEY

(IFY OIVWMO TEVXMOIPTEVXMOIP /EGEQEXETIPMRHRYRK(goggles)TIPMRHYRK

H. Petunjuk Keselamatan jika terjadi kebakaran 7YQFIV,SXIP7ERXMOE7IQEVERK 

I. Pembudayaan Perawatan dan Keselamatan Kerja

Tasliman (1993:19-27) juga sependapat dengan Suma’mur bahwa kecelakaan dapat

Bidang Kegiatan Pengembangan

Tindakan Kesehatan Kegiatan berbasis

b. Perlindungan khusus (Specifik Protection)

Media Promosi K3 juga dapat digolongkan menjadi tiga macam, yaitu:

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&ELE]EOIWIPEQEXEROIVNEWEJIX]LE^EVH EHEPELNIRMWFELE]E]ERKFIVHEQTEO

6IWMOS HMHIJMRMWMOER WIFEKEM OIGIRHIVYRKER EOER XIVNEHMR]E WYEXY OINEHMER ]ERK

1IRYVYX &EQFERK 7YLEHVM FEL[E HEPEQ WMWXIQ TIRGELE]EER HM

4IRERHE MRJSVQEWM OIWIPEQEXER OIVNE TIVWIKM TERNERK EXEY FYNYV WERKOEV

.MOE XIVLMVYT HETEX QIR]IFEFOER pneumokoniosisVEHERK TEVY

8IQTEX OIVNE [EPEYTYR QIRKERHYRK WYQFIVWYQFIV FELE]E FEKM OIWILEXER REQYR

8IPMRKE 8YXYT XIPMRKE HIRKER (ear muff) EXEY

(IFY OIVWMO TEVXMOIPTEVXMOIP /EGEQEXETIPMRHRYRK(goggles)TIPMRHYRK

H. Petunjuk Keselamatan jika terjadi kebakaran7YQFIV,SXIP7ERXMOE7IQEVERK