Chemistry Phase 4

STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

 Atom is the smallest unit of matter which takes part in a chemical reaction
 Atom consists of sub-atomic particle: electrons, protons and neutrons
i. Negatively charged particles- Electrons
ii. Positively charged particles- Protons
iii. Particles having no charge- Neutrons
 Protons and Neutrons are present in a small nucleus present at the center
 Electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed circular paths called energy-
levels or shells

- Production of Cathode Rays:

Def: Stream of electrons leaving the negative electrode (cathode) in a discharge tube containing a
gas at low pressure.

Properties of Cathode Rays-

i. Travel in straight line
ii. Produce mechanical effect
iii. Negatively charged
iv. Mass is negligible when compared to the atom from which it is formed
v. Nature of these rays those not depend on the nature of gas in the discharged tube
vi. When the cathode rays strike some heavy metal at high voltage, X-rays are emitted.

When electric field was applied b/w anode and cathode a deviation was observed in the path of the
radiation and this radiation was also deflected in a strong magnetic field. These radiations had
negatively charged particles called electrons.

 e/m of cathode rays- 1.76*1011 C/kg

charge of