St. Paul University Philippines School of Arts and Sciences

St.
Paul University Philippines

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
School of Arts, Sciences and Teacher
Education
Observe the words below.

• And
• But
• For
• Or
• Neither
• However
• Either
St. Paul University Philippines
Education
I like
hamburgers.
I like hamburgers and hotdogs, but I
I like hotdogs. don’t like pizza.
I don't like pizza.

Education
Education
A conjunction is a part of speech that links words,

phrases, and clauses. Think of them as bridges that
connect ideas. Conjunctions fall into one of four
categories based on how they’re used.
Education
Examples
Word to word
Cake or bread will satisfy me.
Phrase to phrase
An old lady and the little girl were seen together this afternoon.
Clause to clause
I wanted to help her, but I had no way of telling her.
Education
Education
• Coordinating Conjunctions
• Coordinating conjunctions are single words (example:
and, but, or, so).
• They link equivalent grammatical elements, such as

nouns with nouns, and clauses with clauses. The ideas
being connected carry the same weight in a sentence.
Education
There are seven coordinating words in total:
F - for (It is used to introduce an action or relationship of the previous effect.)

A - and (It joins any two or more words.)
N - nor (It showcases the contrast or opposite relation among-st the ideas in a
sentence.)
B - but (Used when the second part of the sentence shows the exception or
contrast of the first one.)
O - or (It’s used to give the idea of choice or option amongst the words.)
Y - yet (It also shows the opposition or contrast among-st the words.)
S-So (Showing the consequence of the first idea in the second part of the
sentence.)
Education
Education
2. Correlative Conjunction
• Correlative conjunctions work in pairs (example: either/or,
both/and, not only/but also, as/as)
• Similar to coordinating conjunctions, they link grammatical

elements of similar importance.
Education
Below are some of the most common pairs of correlative

words:
• either/or
• neither/nor
• not only/but also
• so/as
• whether/or
• both/and
Education
Education
Correlative conjunctions need parallel construction. Check the words

after each conjunction and make sure they’re similarly structured.
• Correct: We should either book the tickets in advance or arrive an
hour early. (In this example, the phrase “book the tickets” is parallel
to “arrive an hour early”)
• Incorrect: We should either book the tickets in advance or be arriving
an hour early. (In this example, the phrase “book the tickets” is not
parallel to “be arriving”)
Education
3. Subordinating Conjunction
• Subordinating conjunctions are one or more words that unite
ideas in a complex sentence (example: as soon as, in case, unless,
while).
• They link dependent clauses (incomplete thoughts) to

independent clauses (complete thoughts).
Education
Here's another fun mnemonic to make this list of subordinating
conjunctions easy to remember - ON A WHITE BUS:
• O = once, only if
• N = now that
• A = as, although, after
• W = while, when, whereas, whenever, wherever, whether
• H = how
• I = if, in case, in order to, in the event that
• T = though
• E = even if, even though
• B = because, before
• U = unless, until
• S = so, so that, since, supposing
Education
• Unless we give him a ride, he won’t be able to come.

Subordinating conjunction + dependent clause + independent clause
• Here’s some cash in case your credit card doesn’t work.

Independent clause + subordinating conjunction + dependent clause
Education
NOTE:
• The subordinating conjunction is placed in front of the dependent
clause. As Cambridge Dictionary explains, subordinating
conjunctions modify the independent clause and provide a cause,
reason, result or purpose.
• Use a comma if the subordinating conjunction and dependent clause
are at the beginning of a sentence. Otherwise, the comma isn’t
required.
Ex.
As soon as she’s finished her phone call, we’ll leave for the restaurant.
We’ll leave for the restaurant as soon as she’s finished her phone call.
Education
Examples
• Whenever his wife was out working, he would take care of

the house.
• As long as she lived, she took care of the orphanage.
• I won’t be back in Mumbai until early next week.
• The child ran to her mother as soon as she saw her.
Education
4. Conjunctive Adverbs
• Conjunctive adverbs are one or more words used to join two

independent clauses (example: after all, besides, nevertheless).
• These words are technically adverbs but perform the same

linking function as conjunctions.
Education
Below are some frequently used conjunctive adverbs:

• Also • Thus
• Before • Accordingly
• Besides • Meanwhile
• However • After all
• Therefore • Consequently
• Hence • Moreover
• Otherwise • Still
• Nevertheless • Furthermore
• Eventually • Likewise
• Finally
Education
Examples of Conjunctive Adverbs in a Sentence
Note that a semicolon or period should come before a conjunctive

adverb and a comma after. Check out these examples:
• Daniel is an excellent guitarist; however, he rarely practices.
• The heavy snow covered the streets; therefore, many people were
stranded.
• I never liked eating vegetables. Nevertheless, I ask my kids to eat
them.
Education
A. Complete the following sentences using an appropriate coordinating conjunction.
1.They were poor ___ often suffered great hardship.

a)And
b)But
c)So
2.He overslept himself ___ thus missed the train.

a)And
b)But
c)So
3.That coat cannot be mine ___ it is too big for me.

a)But
b)So
c)And
Education
4.As a boy he had never been to school, and ___ he had no opportunity of learning to read
and write.
a)Yet
b)Therefore
c)For
5.This must not happen again, ___ you will be dismissed.

a)And
b)But
c)Or
6.He is rich, ___ he is not happy.

a)But
b)Therefore
c)And
Education
7.Hurry up, ___ you will be late.
a)Or
b)And
c)Yet
8.He must have done his duty, ___ he is a conscientious man.

a)So
b)For
c)Therefore
9.He tried hard, ___ he did not succeed.

a)And
b)But
c)So
10.The parents were horrified ___ they saw blood stains on the floor and no sign of their child.
a)For
b)Therefore
c)So
Education
B.Complete the following sentences using an appropriate subordinating
conjunction.
1.We were happy ___ we received the first prize.

a)If
b)Because
c)Before
2.The people were listening eagerly ___ the leader was speaking.
a)While
b)After
c)Since
3.This is the place ___ we were attacked.

a)When
b)Where
Education
4.___ she is beautiful, she is not intelligent.
a)As
b)Because
c)Though
5.___ he worked hard, he failed

a)Though
b)Although
c)Even if
6.She will not come ___ we compel her.

a)Unless
b)If
c)Whether
7. You wait here ___ I come.
a) Until
b) Unless
c) Before
7.You wait here ___ I come. Education
a)Until
b)Unless
c)Before
8.There was a silence ___ the guests had gone.

a)After
b)Until
c)Whether
9.She began to cry ___ she had lost her golden chain.
a)Whether
b)Because
c)If
10.___ you work hard, you will get the first prize.
a)Unless
b)If
c)Whether
Education
C .Complete the following sentences using an appropriate correlative
conjunction.
1.Chase is ___ polite ___ funny.

a)Whether/or
b)Neither/nor
c)Not/only
d)Either/yet
2.___ that is the case, ___ I’m not surprised about what’s happening.
a)If/then
b)No sooner/than
c)Scarcely/when
d)Whether/or
3.Have you made a decision about ___ to go to the movies ___ not?
a)If/then
b)What with/and
Education
4.___ had I put my umbrella away, ___ it started raining.
a)If/then
b)No sooner/than
c)What with/and
d)Neither/nor
5.This salad is ___ delicious ___ healthy.

a)Rather/than
b)Both/and
c)Scarcely/when
d)Whether/or
6.I like ___ to sing opera, ___ to spend my spare time practicing
ballroom dances.
a)Not/but
b)Neither/nor
c)Not only/but also
d)Whether/or
7.The test was ___ very short ___ quite easy. Education
a) not / but
b) both / and
c) whether / or
d) scarcely / when
8. ___ Joe ___ his sisters could understand what their parents were saying when they spoke
French.
a) Whether / or
b) No sooner / than
c) Rather / than
d) Neither / nor
9.He is ___ intelligent, ___ also very funny.

a)Not only/but
b)Neither/nor
c)Either/or
d)Whether/or
10.Would you ___ go shopping ___ spend the day at the beach?
a)Rather/or
b)Neither/nor
c)Either/or
Education
In ten (10) to thirteen (13) sentences, write the highlights of your

2022 using the conjunctions that were discussed. Underline the
conjunction used.
Education
A. Instructions: Circle the conjunctions in the sentences below.
Then, identify what type of conjunctions by circling the
correct word at the end of the sentence.
1. Emilio could not eat his dessert until he had finished his
dinner. (Coordinating,
Correlative, Subordinating)
2. Theresa ate her pecan pie on the porch whenever she could.
(Coordinating,
3. Mike and Keith were best friends. (Coordinating, Correlative,
Subordinating)
4. I am neither a ballerina nor a tap dancer. (Coordinating,
Correlative,
Subordinating)
Tuguegarao
A. Instructions: Circle the conjunctions City, Cagayan
in the sentences below.3500
Then, identify what type of
conjunctions by circling theSchool
correctof Arts,
word at Sciences
the end ofand Teacher
the sentence.
Education
5. The baby cried and wailed to get its mother’s attention.
(Coordinating,
6. I will have both the apple pie and the pumpkin pie for desert
on Thanksgiving
day. (Coordinating, Correlative, Subordinating)
7. While in the classroom, you need to keep your voice down.
(Coordinating,
8. After recess, the children hurried inside. (Coordinating,
Correlative,
Subordinating)
9. The painting was either too wide or too tall to hang on the
wall. (Coordinating,
B .Directions: Determine which conjunction Education
best completes each sentence. Circle your response.
1. Lucy stared at the ocean ________ remembered her father's crazy experiments.
a) as b) once c) nor d) and
2. Sandy put on her gear ________ the emergency buzzer sounded in the Aqua Friends' headquarters.
a) than b) when c) how d) that
3. Sue ensnared the great white shark in her net ________ it lunged at her with deadly intentions.
a) so that b) as much as c) just as d) than
4. Judy peered through her magic spyglass to see ________ the starfish went.
a) unless b) where c) whenever d) yet
5. Jon steered his rickety skiff toward the shore ________ the tide was rising, and the waves were
crashing. a) during b) or c) whether d) because
6. Sandy would have drowned under the ocean's mighty waves ________ the Sea People had not her
welcomed her to their kingdom.
a) how b) so c) if d) that
7. You cannot enter the Sea People's kingdom ________ you are invited by an honorable Sea Person.
a) unless b) for c) ever since d) or
Education
8. Neither Jon ________ Robert had any luck catching fish for the banquet with the
Sea People.
a) or b) nor c) and d) for
9. The Sea People taught Lucy ________ to tame sharks and breathe underwater.
a) and b) because c) although d) how
10. Robert put on his wetsuit ________ loaded his speargun to prepare for his
meeting with Tridon the King of the Sea People.
a) yet b) once c) and d) because
11. Sue was a physician and knew ________ the wounded walrus needed first aid
immediately.
a) but b) though c) as d) that
Education
Assignment
Write five sentences each of:

a) Coordinating conjunction
b) Correlative conjunction
c) Subordinating conjunction
d) Conjunctive adverbs
Education
Jahnavi, N. (2021, May 17). Coordinating Conjunctions FANBOYS List with Examples - EnglishBix. EnglishBix. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from
https://www.englishbix.com/fanboys-coordinating-conjunctions-list/M.Ed. Education, J. G. (n.d.).
Coordinating Conjunctions: Essential Joining Words. Coordinating Conjunctions: Essential Joining Words | YourDictionary. Retrieved January 5,
2023, from https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/conjunctions/coordinating-conjunctions.htmlD’Eletto, V. (2021, April 13).
4 Types of Conjunctions: Definitions and Examples. WordAgents. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.wordagents.com/types-of-
conjunctions/Dohan, L. (2015, August 31).
Types of Conjunctions: What They Are and How to Use Them - Crowd Content. Crowd Content. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from
https://www.crowdcontent.com/resources/writer/university/grammar/types-of-conjunctions/
CONJUNCTIONS || COORDINATING || SUBORDINATING || CORRELATIVE. (2021, January 31). YouTube. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvh1fqtHNxACoordinating conjunctions worksheet. (2016, August 30).
Home of English Grammar. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.englishgrammar.org/coordinating-conjunctions-

worksheet/Subordinating conjunctions worksheet. (2016, March 27). Home of English Grammar. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from
https://www.englishgrammar.org/subordinating-conjunctions-worksheet/Correlative Conjunctions - Examples & Exercises. (n.d.).
Correlative Conjunctions - Examples & Exercises. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-
rules/conjunctions/correlative-conjunctions/
Conjunctions Worksheets and Activities | Ereading Worksheets. (n.d.). Conjunctions Worksheets and Activities | Ereading Worksheets. Retrieved
January 5, 2023, from https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/languageartsworksheets/parts-of-speech-worksheets/conjunctions-worksheets-
and-activities/

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St.

Paul University Philippines

Observe the words below.

I don't like pizza.

A conjunction is a part of speech that links words,

• They link equivalent grammatical elements, such as

F - for (It is used to introduce an action or relationship of the previous effect.)

• Similar to coordinating conjunctions, they link grammatical

Below are some of the most common pairs of correlative

Correlative conjunctions need parallel construction. Check the words

• They link dependent clauses (incomplete thoughts) to

• Unless we give him a ride, he won’t be able to come.

• Here’s some cash in case your credit card doesn’t work.

• Whenever his wife was out working, he would take care of

• Conjunctive adverbs are one or more words used to join two

• These words are technically adverbs but perform the same

Below are some frequently used conjunctive adverbs:

Examples of Conjunctive Adverbs in a Sentence

Note that a semicolon or period should come before a conjunctive

1.They were poor ___ often suffered great hardship.

2.He overslept himself ___ thus missed the train.

3.That coat cannot be mine ___ it is too big for me.

5.This must not happen again, ___ you will be dismissed.

6.He is rich, ___ he is not happy.

8.He must have done his duty, ___ he is a conscientious man.

9.He tried hard, ___ he did not succeed.

1.We were happy ___ we received the first prize.

3.This is the place ___ we were attacked.

5.___ he worked hard, he failed

6.She will not come ___ we compel her.

8.There was a silence ___ the guests had gone.

1.Chase is ___ polite ___ funny.

5.This salad is ___ delicious ___ healthy.

9.He is ___ intelligent, ___ also very funny.

In ten (10) to thirteen (13) sentences, write the highlights of your

Write five sentences each of:

Home of English Grammar. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.englishgrammar.org/coordinating-conjunctions-

You might also like

1.Chase is _ polite _ funny.

5.This salad is _ delicious _ healthy.

9.He is _ intelligent, _ also very funny.