Communication - process of exchanging
information, ideas, thoughts, feelings and
emotions through speech, signals, writings, and
behavior.
Communication is effective only when the
message is understood and when it
stimulates action or encourages the receiver to
think in new ways.
Characteristics of Comm.
 Two or more persons
 Exchange of ideas
 Mutual understanding
 Direct and indirect communication
 Continuous process
 Use of words as well as symbols
Skills of Human Comm.
 Self- presentation skills - enable you to
present yourself as confident,
likable, approachable, and credible
person.
 Relationship skills - help you build
friendships, enter into love
relationships, work with colleagues, and
interact
with family members.
 Interviewing skills - enable you to
interact to gain information, to
successfully present yourself to get
the job
 Group interaction and leadership - helps
you participate effectively in
relationship and task groups-
informative, problem-
solving, and brain-storming groups, at
home or at
work- as a member and as a leader.
 Presentation or Public speaking -
enables you to manage your fear and
make it
work for you, rather than against you.
Forms of Comm.
 Intrapersonal Comm - yourself-
when you talk with, learn about, and
judge yourself
 Interpersonal Comm - occurs when you
interact with a person with
whom you have some kind of
relationship;
 Small-group comm - occurs when you
interact with a person with
whom you have some kind of
relationship.
 Public Comm - communication
between a speaker and an audience.
 Computer mediated comm - includes all
forms of communication between
people with the use of computer or
smartphones or internet.
 Mass Comm - refers to communication
from one source to
many receivers who may be scattered
throughout the world.
Comm Context
 Physical - tangible or concrete
environment.
 Cultural - lifestyles, beliefs,
values, behavior, and communication of
a group.
 Socio-psychological - has to do
with the status relationships among
speakers,
the formality of the situation, or the
norms of a group or organization.
 Temporal - message’s position
within a sequence of events
Types of Comm
 Verbal - the form of communication in
which message is transmitted verbally.
 Oral - Spoken words are used.
It includes face-to-face conversations,
speech, telephonic conversation, video,
 radio, television, voice-over The
Internet. In oral communication,
communication influence by pitch,
volume, speed and clarity of speaking.
 Written - written signs or symbols are
used to communicate.
 Non-verbal - sending or receiving
of wordless messages like gestures,
body language, posture facial
expression.
Principles of comm
 Communication is purposeful
 Communication involves choices
 Communication is Ambiguous
 Communication involves content and
relationship dimensions
 Communication has a power dimension
 Communication is punctuated
 Communication inevitable, irreversible,
and unrepeatable
7 contexts in comm field:
Contexts - environments in which
communication takes place
Situational contexts - environments that are
limited by such factors as the number of
people present, the feedback, the space
between communicators, among others.
7 Contexts:
 Intrapersonal - Impression formation
and decision making; symbols and
meaning; observations and attributions;
ego involvement and persuasion
 Interpersonal - Relationship
maintenance strategies; relational
intimacy; relationship
control; interpersonal attraction
 Small group - Gender and group
leadership; group vulnerability; groups
and stories; group decision making; task
difficulty
 Organizational – hierarchy and power
 Public/Rhetorical - Communication
apprehension; delivery effectiveness;
speech and text criticism; ethical
speechmaking; popular culture analysis
 Mass/Media - Use of media;
affiliation and television programming;
television and values; media and need
fulfillment; effects of social networking
sites
 Cultural - Culture and rule-setting;
culture and anxiety; hegemony;
ethnocentrism
Communication apprehension- a generalized
fear or anxiety regarding communicating in
front of others.
Mass media-channels or delivery modes for
mass messages.
Mass Communication- communication to a
large audience via various channels (e.g., radio,
Internet, television, etc.)
New media- computer-related technology
Culture- a community of meanings with, among
other things, a shared body of knowledge.
Cultural communication- communication
between and among individuals whose cultural
backgrounds vary.
Co-cultures- groups of individuals who are part
of the same larger culture, but who can be
classified around various identities