Unit 8:

Shapes and geometric reasoning

Class : G7
Semester :2
AL Madar private
school Teacher: Najiba Aouini
 Content and objectives

We have 5 sections to work through and there are check up audits and
fitness tests for each section from where students will be able to :

1. Recognising congruent shapes

2. Identifying symmetry of 2D
shapes .
3. Classifying quadrilaterals
4. Drawing nets of solids .
5. Making scale drawing .
4. End of unit review
AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8 1.Congruent shapes
Section1

These triangles are similar.? ?

These triangles are congruent.

They are the same shape. They are the same shape and size.
(Only rotation and flips allowed)
AL Madar private
school Congruent shapes have all sides and angles equal.
Similar shapes have all angles equal but one is an enlargement of the other
Unit8/G8
Section1
1.Congruent shapes
What makes a pair of shapes
“congruent”?
1. Same angles (corresponding angles)
2. Same side lengths (corresponding side)
3. Can be rotated or a mirror image
4. A cut-out of one shape will always fit exactly
over the other

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8
Section1
1.Congruent shapes
Example 1: (course book page 85 Q2,3

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8
Section1
1.Congruent shapes
More about right angle triangle

The longest side of the triangle, AB, is called the hypotenuse.

The hypotenuse is always the side opposite the right angle.

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8
Section1
1.Congruent shapes
Example 2 : course book page 85 Q1

Which side is the hypotenuse in each right-angled triangle?

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school
Unit8/G8 2.Symmetry of 2D shapes
Section2
The order of rotational symmetry of a shape is determined by how
many times the shape fits onto itself during a 360° turn.

Every shape has an order of rotational symmetry, even if it is order 1.

Have a look at the following shapes…

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8 2.Symmetry of 2D shapes
Section2

Order of
Rotational Symmetry
=2

A 2D shape has rotational symmetry if it can be rotated to look exactly the same.
AL Madar private
school The order of rotational symmetry is the number of positions it looks the same.
Unit8/G8 2.Symmetry of 2D shapes
Section2

A
Order of
Rotational Symmetry
=4

A 2D shape has rotational symmetry if it can be rotated to look exactly the

AL Madar private same.
school
The order of rotational symmetry is the number of positions it looks the same.
Unit8/G8 2.Symmetry of 2D shapes
Section2

Order of
Rotational Symmetry
=1

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8 2.Symmetry of 2D shapes
Section2

A
Order of
Rotational Symmetry
=8

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8 2.Symmetry of 2D shapes
Section2

Order of
Rotational Symmetry
=5

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8 2.Symmetry of 2D shapes
Section2

A
Order of
Rotational
Symmetry
= ∞

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school
Unit8/G8 2.Symmetry of 2D shapes
Section2
Example : course book page 87. Q ,5

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school
Unit8/G8 3.Classifying quadrilaterals
Section3

2D shape
with 4
sides

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8 3.Classifying quadrilaterals
Section3
Let's review: we use to classify quadrilaterals referring to the:

1. Length of sides .
2. Number of parallel lines .
3. Right angles if existing .
4. Line of symmetry .
5. Order rotational symmetry .

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8
Section3 3.1 diagonals in quadrialerals
A diagonal is a line that joins two opposite corners of a quadrilateral.
Every quadrilateral has 2 diagonals lines ,
2 diagonals lines

Bisect each others equally One bisect the other

Right angle Different angle ( not 900)

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8
Section3
3.1Special Quadrilaterals
Parallelogram: Rhombus: Rectangle: Square
• 2 equal pairs of • All sides are • 2 pairs of equal • All sides are same .
sides. same. sides. • 2 pairs of parallel
• 2 pairs of parallel • 2 pairs of • 2 parallel pairs. lines.
sides. parallel lines. • All angles 900. • All angles 900.
• Opposite angles • Opposite • 2 lines of • 4 lines of symmetry .
equal angles equal symmetry . • Order 4 rotational
• No lines of • 2 lines of • Order 2 symmetry .
symmetry symmetry . rotational • Diagonals bisect
• Order 2 rotational • Order2 symmetry each others at 900.
symmetry. rotational • Diagonals
• Diagonals bisect symmetry . bisect each
each others . • Diagonals others.
bisect each
others at 900

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8
Section3 3.2 Special Quadrilaterals
Kite: Trapezium Isosceles Trapezium
• 2 pairs of equal sides. • Sides length different. • 2 sides same length
• No parallel sides • 1 pair of parallel sides. • 1 pair of parallel sides.
• 1 pair of equal angles • Different angles. • 2 pairs of equal angles.
• 1 line of symmetry . • No line of symmetry • 1 line of symmetry .
• Order 1 rotational • Order 1 rotational • Order 1 rotational
symmetry . symmetry . symmetry .
• 1 diagonal bisect the • 2 diagonal bisect each • 2 diagonal bisect each
other at 900 others. others .

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8
Section3 4.Drawing nets of solids
To remember : a net is a 2D layout of 3D solid

AL Madar private
school
Unit8/G8
Section3 5.Drawing to scale
To remember : a drawing scale is a relation between the drawing and the real
measurement
Example : course book page 92 Q 8.5
Hassan draws a scale drawing of a playing field. He uses a scale of ‘1 cm
represents 10 m’.
a) On his drawing the playing field is 18 cm long. How long is the playing field in
real life?
b) The playing field in real life is 80 m wide. How wide is the playing field on the
scale drawing?

AL Madar private
school
Course book
page 94
UNIT REVIEW

AL Madar private
school
Course book
page 94
UNIT REVIEW

AL Madar private
school
AL Madar private
school