MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

FIJI YEAR 12 CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2019

MATHEMATICS

Detailed Solutions

COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2019.

 2.
STRAND 1 BASIC MATHEMATICS (12 marks)

1. Debit cards are used to withdraw cash.

2.
2
log k 2log k

2 2
 log k

3.

16 x21
16 x2 2
4 4
8x 2
4

5x3
4. 7  512

5 x 3
log 7  log 512 Take log on both sides and apply
law of logarithm:
(5x  3) log 7  log 512
log 512
(5x  3) 
log 7

x  
log 512 
 3  5
 log 7 
x  0.04

(2 marks)

5. (a) Modulo 4 consists of { 0, 1, 2, 3}

(1 mark)
(b) identity = 1
(1 mark)
(c) 0 has no inverse or 2 has no inverse

(1 mark)

Four conditions for a group

 Closure.
 Unique identity.
 Unique inverses.
 Associativity

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.

 3.

STRAND 1 (continued)

6. 3  12  27 write the number under the

root sign as the product of
two factors, one of which is
3  43  93 the largest perfect square.
3 4 3 9 3

32 33 3

6 3

3  12  27  6 3

(2 marks)

7. 5 5
1 5

5  5 1 5 Multiplying by conjugate of the denominator

 
1 5 1 5
2
55 5 5 5
 2 2 Expanding denominator
1  5
a 2  b 2  a  b  a  b 
54 55

4
4 5

4
 5

(2 marks)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.
 4.
STRAND 2 ALGEBRA (18 marks)

6 2 2 2 2 2x  5  0
1.  3n  3  4  35  3 6 2.
n4 2x  5
 is used to x  5  f (5)  0
indicate a summation. 2 2

3. 4. c  2n  5
2
x  4x  7 n4

m 4 c  2n  5
2
Square both sides
2 n4
2 2
c (n  4)  2n  5
2 2
n 72
2
c n  4c  2n  5
3 2
c n  2n  5  4c
2

2 2
n(c  2)  5  4c Factorise LHS
2
n  5
2
4c
c 2

5. x  3  x  2  3
3 2

Method 1 Method 2
x  3  x  2  3
3 2
x  2
6 x  3   6  3  6
2( x  3)  3( x  2) 3 2
 3
6
2( x  3)  3( x  2)  -18
2 x  6  3x  6
 3
6 2 x  6  3 x  6  -18
 x  12
 3  x  12  18
6

 x  12  18  x  18  12

 x  18  12

x = 30

(2½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.

 5.

STRAND 2 (continued)

2
6. 2x  kx  8  0

D  b2  4ac

 (k )2  4  2  8

 k2  64

k2  64  0
(k  8)(k  8)  0

-8 8 Consider the portion of graph above the x-axis

k < 8 , k > 8
(2½ marks)

7.
n
S  [2a  (n  1)d ]
n 2

n To calculate d, take any pair of successive terms and

81 000  (2  10  (n  1)20) subtract the first from the second.
2
n
81 000  (20  20n  20)
2 7.
n
81 000  (20n)
2
81 000  10n2
8100  n2

8100  n

number of weeks = 90
(2½ marks)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.
 6.

STRAND 2 (continued)

8. (a) r  6  2 To calculate the common ratio r,

3
10 1 divide any term by the previous
3 2 term.

10th term = 1536

(b)
n
a(1  r )
S 
n 1 r

3(1  2n )
 786 429
1 2
3(1  2n )
 786 429
1
3(1  2n )  786 429
 786 429
1  2n 
3
1  2n  262 143
 2n  262 143  1
 2n  262 144
2n  262 144
log 262144
n
log 2
 18

Number of terms = 18
(2½ marks)

9. 4x  2
2
2x  9x  5

4x  2 2(2x  1)
 Factorise and cancel
2x2  9x  5 (2x  1)( x  5)

4x  2 = 2
2
2x  9x  5 x  5
(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.

 7.
STRAND 3 GRAPHS (12 marks)

1. Consider coefficient of x 2. 3.
y  x 1 2
x y 4
2
y  3x  3x Has x-int. of 1
x2 x is a circle of radius
y  3 2 centre at ( 0, 0)
Range :  2  y  2

4. y  ( x  h) 2  k has vertex or turning point at (h, k)

y   ( x  2)2  2
(1 mark)
5.
y=y
14 x  64
x 1 
x  20
( x  1)( x  20)  14 x  64

x  20 x  x  20  14 x  64
2

x  19 x  20  14 x  64
2

x  19 x  20  14 x  64  0
2

x  5 x  84  0
2

Method 2
Method 1
 5  5  4  1  84
2
x
( x  12)( x  7)  0 2 1

x  12 and x  7  5  361

x
2

x   5  19
2
x  12 and x  7

y =  12  1
=  13 Substitute x values into y = x  1

y = 7 1
=6
coordinates = (  12 ,  13) and ( 7 , 6 )
(3 marks)
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.
 8.

STRAND 3 (continued)

6. (a) x  int  y  0
0  log 7 x

0
7 x
x-intercept = (1, 0)
1 x (1 mark)

(b)
y-axis is an asymptote Asymptote: x = 0
(1 mark)

(c) and (d)

y

f 1( x)

f (x)

The graphs are reflection of

each other across the line y = x (2 marks)

(e)

x  log y Interchange x and y

7

y  7x Make y the subject

(1mark)

12
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATIC
 9.
STRAND 4 COORDINATE GEOMETRY (7 marks)

1. Parallel lines have the same gradient.

y  2x  0  y  2x y  2x  5  0  y  2x  5
m2 m2

2. y-int. = ( 0, 3) and m = 2 so the equation of the line is y = 2x +3

When x = 1
y = 2(1) +3
=5

3. (a)

 x1  x2 y  y2   2  1 1  5
 , 1    , 
 2 2   2 2 

mid-point = (  0.5 , 3 )
(1 mark)
(b)

Show that AC is perpendicular to BC

slope of AC: slope of BC:

y2  y1 y2  y1
m  m 
x2  x1 x2  x1
3 1 3  5
m m
2  2 2  1
2 1 m  2
m 
4 2

Product of gradient is -1
1
 2  1
2

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.

 10.

x1 y1 x2 y 2
4. (4, 3) and (-2, 0)

y2  y1
m 
x2  x1
0  3
m
2  4
3 1
m or
6 2

tan θ  m
1
tanθ 
2
1
θ  tan
-1
2
θ  26.57

(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.

 11.

STRAND 5 TRIGONOMETRY (10 marks)

1. 2.
F
s  r
r  r
c h c 1

θ
E G
5
adj
cos θ 
hyp

5
c
c 5
cos θ

3.
Area segment = Area sector – Area triangle
=½r2 –½r2
or
= ½ r 2( – )

1 5 5
=  10  (   sin  )
2
2 6 6
2
= 105.90 cm
(2 marks)

4.
Cosine Rule
2 2 2
a  b  c  2bc cos A
2 2 2
5  7  9  2  7  9 cos θ
25  130  126 cos θ
 105  126 cos θ

cos θ  105 or 5
126 6
1 1
θ  cos 105 or cos 5
126 6

θ = 33.56

(2 marks)
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© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.
 12.

STRAND 5 (continued)

5. cos 2  3
2
1 3
2  cos
2
 30

Cosine is positive in
quadrants I and IV.

2  30or 330 or 390or 690

θ = 15, 165, 195, 345

(2 marks)

6. y  2 cos(θ  45)

Y The graph of y  2 cos(θ  45) can be

obtained by translating the graph
of y  2 cos θ to the right by 45

Amplitude = 2 2

0 45 135 225 315 360

Period = 360
-2

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.

 13.

STRAND 6 MATRICES AND TRANSFORMATION (7 marks)

1.
The origin (0, 0) is always invariant under any transformation represented by a 2 x 2
matrix

2. A shear is a transformation which changes the shape of an object but not its area.
(1 mark)

3 (a)

 2  1  4   2  4   1  3 
     
1 2   3   1  4  2  3 

 11 
  
  2

P' = (11, -2 )

(1 mark)

(b)

Determinant = 2  2  11
=5

1  2 1 
5   1 2 

 2 1 
 5 5  or  0.4 0.2 
 1 2 
   0.2 0.4 
 5 5 (2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.

 14.

4.

 1 0  1 0 
B  A     
 0 1  3 1 

  11  0  3  1 0  0 1 
  
 0  1 1 3 0  0  1  1 

 1 0 
  
 3 1

(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.

 15.

STRAND 7 STATISTICS (6 marks)

1. mode: is the most common score

Median is the middle score
Mode of 1,3,3,8 is 3 and the median is also 3.

2. R=H–L
= H+5 – (L+5)
=H+5 – L – 5
= H–L
The new range remains the same.

3. (a)
x
fx
f Mid-points of intervals

 40  7.5  60  12.5  20  17.5

40  60  20

mean  1400
120

mean = 11 2
3
(2 marks)

(b)

s
 f x  x 
2

f

40(7.5  11 2 )  60(12.5  11 2 )  20(17.5  11 2 )

2 2 2

s 3 3 3
40  60  20

Mid-points of intervals
1416 2
 3
120

 425
36

5 17
standard deviation = or 3.44
6
(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.

 16.

STRAND 8 PROBABILITY (10 marks)

1. Mean = mode = median

2. There are total of 25 students. 10 students play only rugby so the probability is 10
25

3. (a) (b)

Probability = 5 Probability = 18 or 1
36 36 2
(1 mark) (1 mark)

4.

4
7 R
5 R 3
8 7 G
5 R
3 7
8 G
2 G
7

P(RG) + P(GR) = 5  3  3  5
8 7 8 7

Probability = 15
28
(2 marks)

5. (a)

P( x  55)  P( z  x  x)

55  60
 P( z  )
4 -1.25
 P( z  1.25)
 0.3944  0.5

Probability = 0.8944
(3 marks)
(b) E = np
= 0.8944  2500
expected number = 2236

(1 mark)
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.
 17.
STRAND 9 CALCULUS (18 marks)

f ( x  h)  f ( x)
1. f ' ( x)  lim 2.
h 0 h
2
f ( x)  x  x  10
f ' ( x)  2x  1

d ( xn )  nxn  1
dx

3. lim x2
x  2 4  x 2

lim x2
x  2 (2  x)(2  x)

lim 1
x  2 (2  x) f ' (4)  2
The gradient at a point on a curve is
1
(2  2) the same as the gradient of the
tangent at that point.
1
Limit =
4

a 2  b 2  a  b  a  b 

(2 marks)

4.
2
2x
A  9 2  1 3 2
 x  1 dx
0

2
 x4 3
x x 
 18    
 8 3 0
 4 3   4 3 
 18   2  2  2    0  0  0 
 8 3  4
  3 

 18  203  0
 34 or 111 or 11.33
3 3

(3 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2019: MATHEMATICS.

 18.

STRAND 9 (continued)
f ( x)  x(3x  2).
5. Expansion
 3x  2 x
2

 3x
2
y   2x dx

y  x3  x 2  C n n 1
 x dx  n  1  C
x

3 2
0  2  2  C

0  4 C

C  4
f (x) = x3  x2 4
(3 marks)
3
6. y   2 x  6x  7

( x )  nx n  1
d n
y  6 x2  6 dx
To differentiate: multiply the coefficient by the
 6 x2  6  0 power and then reduce the power by one.
 6 x2  6

x2  1
x  1
Substitute the x-values and check for the smaller y- value
When x = 1 When x = -1
3 3
y   21  6 1  7 y   2  (1)  6  1  7
 11 : Maximum  3 : Minimum
Coordinates of local minimum = ( -1 , 3 )

Or Use the Second Derivative Test

y  12x
When x = 1 When x = -1
y   12  1 y   12  1
 0  maximum  0  minimum
coordinates = ( -1 , 3 )

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS
 19.

STRAND 9 (continued)

7. (a)
2
C ( x)  3.6 x  x
2
C (15)  3.6  15  15

cost = $825
(1 mark)

(b)
Revenue ( money received) from selling x mats is 73x

Profit = Revenue  Cost

2
 73x  (3.6x  x)
2
 73x  3.6x  x Expansion

profit  72x  3.6x2

(2 marks)

(c)

profit  72 x  3.6 x
2
Take the derivative of the total profit
equation with respect to quantity.
p   72  7.2 x
dp
0
dx
Set the derivative equal to zero and
72  7.2 x  0 solve for x

 7.2 x  72

x   72
 7 .2

Number of mats = 10

(2 marks)

THE END 18
COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2019.