DHRUVNIRMANA

INDUSTRIAL PARK
 B.Arch. Architectural Design Thesis - 2022

INDUSTRIAL PARK

Design Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment

of requirements of the award of the Degree

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

CHITTAJALLU DEDEEPYA
Reg.No,18C11C4008
B.Arch. VIII Semester

Under the Guidance of

ASSOC.PROF.G.JAYA KRISHNA

VAISHNAVI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING, VIJAYAWADA

(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada),

Survey No.240/1, Bandar Road, Vijayawada – 520 007.

 DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICATION

This is to certify that the dissertation/project entitled INDUSTRIAL PARK submitted by

CH.DEDEEPYA bearing Hall Ticket No.18C11C4008 on this day of JUNE,
2022 in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of BACHELOR OF
ARCHITECTURE of this University is a bonafide work to the best of my/our knowledge and may
be placed before the Examination Board for their consideration.

ASSOC.PROF.G.JAYA KRISHNA ASSOC.PROF.G.JAYA KRISHNA

Thesis Guide. Thesis Coordinator.

ASSOC.PROF.SIRISHA MENTE G.SUBRAMANYESWAR RAO

Structural Feasibility Coordinator. Prinicipal.

External Examiner
 DEDICATION
This thesis ( industrial park) ids dedicated to my parents ,ch.gangadhara rao and ch,padmaja ,great models and friends ,and my
brothers ,and faculty and rest of my family ,for always believing in me ,inspired me and encouraging me to reach higher in order to
achieve my goals

Name: CH.DEDEEPYA,

Date: Roll No: 18C11C4008.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to thank and extend my deep sense of gratitude to my thesis guide ASSOC.PROF.
G.JAYA KRISHNA , whose academic excellence are acumen helped this project to take the current
shape.

I would also like to thank my parents & friends and faculty members of Vaishnavi School Of
Architecture And Planning Vijayawada for all the help and support throughout the thesis project.

CH.DEDEEPYA
1 Contents
1
.ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................................9
2.SYNOPSIS......................................................................................................................................10
2.1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE-...........................................................................................11
2.2.AIM-.........................................................................................................................................11
2.3.OBJECTIVES-.........................................................................................................................11
2.4.LIMITATIONS-.......................................................................................................................12
2.5.REQUIREMENTS-.................................................................................................................12
2.6.METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................................14
3.LITERATURE STUDY...............................................................................................................15
3.1.STUDY ON INDUSTRIAL PARK -....................................................................................16
3.2.HISTORY .............................................................................................................................16
3.3 TYPES OF INDUTRIAL PARK
3.4 PURPOSE OF INDUTRIAL PARK
3.2.3.ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION :.............................................................................19
3.2.4.ANTROPOMETRY .........................................................................................................20
3.3 SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
3.4.ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ........................................................................................21
3.5.ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION AND ACCESSIBILITY-........................................32
3.6.MATERIAL DETAILS ......................................................................................................32
4.CASE STUDIES-.........................................................................................................................37
4.1.CHANDIGARGH INDUSTRIAL AREA ...........................................................................38
4.1.1.PRINCIPLE-.....................................................................................................................38
4.1.2.FACILITIES-....................................................................................................................38
4.1.3.ADVANTAGES-..............................................................................................................39
4.1.4.SITE APPAROCH-...........................................................................................................39
4.1.5.MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PLASTIC MOULD..............................................40
4.1.7.EXISTING PLANS-.........................................................................................................41
4.1.8.FUTURE PLANS-............................................................................................................42
4.1.9.AREA STATEMENT-......................................................................................................42
4 .2. JAWAHAR INDUSTRIAL PARK
 4.2.1.AIM-..................................................................................................................................44
4.2.2.HISTORY-........................................................................................................................44
4.2.3.NEED................................................................................................................................44
4.2.4.OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................45
4.2.5.AMENITIES.....................................................................................................................45
4.2.6.SITE APPROACH-...........................................................................................................45
4.3.SITE CONTEXT .................................................................................................................48
4.3.1.AIM...................................................................................................................................48
4.3.2.SITE APPROACH-...........................................................................................................48
4.3.3.LOCATION-.....................................................................................................................48
4.3.4.FLOOR PLANS AND AREA STATEMENTS-..............................................................49
5.DESIGN BRIEF .............................................................................................................................52
6.SITE ANALYSIS-..........................................................................................................................57
6.1.SITE JUSTIFICATION-..........................................................................................................58
6.2.SITE LOCATION-..................................................................................................................59
6.3.SCALE OF THE PROJECT-6 ACRES...................................................................................59
6.4.SITE APPROACH-..................................................................................................................60
6.5.SURROUNDING CONTEXT-................................................................................................60
6.6.SITE DESCRIPTION –...........................................................................................................60
6.7.CLIMATE DATA-..................................................................................................................60
6.8.SWOT ANALYSIS-................................................................................................................62
6.9 ZONING ....................................................................................................................................63
 ABSTRACT

My Thesis topic ia about an industrial park which are a most important development bodies that
are located at a distance from cities and will be accessible to the the transport facilities, and I also
concentrated on the alternative construction technique for the reducing the environmental pollution
briefly in a way that allows the readers to get clear idea
2 SYNOPSIS
2.1 INTRODUCTION -
 An industrial park is a portion of a city that is zoned for industrial use rather than residential or commercial
needs.
 An industrial park can be thought of as a more "heavyweight" version of a business park or office park, which
has offices and light industry, rather than heavy industry
 Industrial parks are notable for being relatively simple to build they often feature speedily erected single –
space steel sheds,occasionally in bright colors
 Industrial parks help overcome business infrastructure constraints and barrier to firm entry into markets .
 Industrial parks have the capacity to generate high productivity stimulate innovation promote investment and
foster social inclusion and environmental protection
 Integrated industrial parks offer industrial ,residential and commercial areas with developed plots / pre-built
factories ,power, telecom ,water and social infrastructure

 Industrial parks are usually located on the edges of, or outside, the main residential area of a city, and are
normally provided with good transportation access, including road and rail. One such example is the large
number of industrial estates located along the River Thames in the Thames Gateway area of London.
 Industrial parks are usually located close to transport facilities, especially where more than one transport
modes coincide, including highways, railroads, airports and ports.
 Industrial parks have undoubtedly a positive impact on business in a country where they are located. They are
beneficial in the fact that they apply modern technologies and innovations in production processes, in
production of high-end goods, support of innovations and in the fact that they indirectly improve research
capacity of a particular country.
 A country furthermore profits from foreign companies located in the parks, as these bring economic and
innovative potential to a country or internationally well-proven know-how, and thus support the process of
reconstruction and modernisation of industry and simultaneously, cover the high deficit balance of trade.
 Another positive aspect of an existence of an industrial park is that it creates conditions for development of
small and medium size companies and their cooperation with foreign economic subjects, and therefore, have a
positive effect on competativeness ability, labor productivity and increase of employment.

PRINCIPLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDUSTRIAL PARK

 Preliminary or background analysis
 Site selection and acquisition
 Preparation of development plan
 Formulation of use restrictions and controls
 Preparation a district layout
 Installations of site improvements
  Building construction

PURPOSE OF INDUSTRIAL PARK

ARCHITECTURE STYLE – BIOPHILLIC ARCHITECTURE

 The biophilic concept is an approach in architecture and design that aims to increase the connection of
building occupants to the natural environment. Through elements like natural lighting, ventilation, natural
landscapes and space conditions, the building serves as the bridge allowing people to connect with nature
while indoors
 The integration of greenery, light, water and all sorts of natural elements in interiors positively affects people’s
perception of space and the time spent on it.
 Why biophilic architecture?
To improve the quality of life reconnecting humans with nature
To improve health benefits & to reduce adverse effects of industrial pollution

Interior design in biophillic design interaction with nature

PRINCIPLES OF BIOPHILLIC DESIGN

Vegetation.The first thing that comes to mind when thinking about biophilic design is plants
Natural Lighting.& natural material
Water Features. Adding water features is often forgotten or ignored
Permeable Material & biomorphic shapes
Good Ventilation & out door spaces

NEED OF PROJECT
generally the rapid growth in population leads to a rapid growth of businesses and industries for food and clothing and
to live ,but due to these industries and construction 30% of pollution ,50% of climatic change ,40% of drinking water
pollution and 50% of land fill wastes are produced ,so as construction is a fundamental part of life we need to change
the material of construction and to incorporate sustainable practices to control the pollution and to make a sustainable
development
2.2 AIM-
 The aim of this project is to provide vivification to the people who work in hectic industrial areas
 To provide them with more urban parks , gathering spaces and improves interactions between people
 To reduce the pollution of land air through usage of sustainable construction materials and practices

2.3 OBJECTIVES-.
 To study detailed user spaces and user activities of industrial park
 To study about alternative methods of construction to implement in the design
 To incorporate patterns of biophilic architecture in industrial park
 To study urbanscape for better design

2.4 SCOPE :
 The scope of this project is to over come the general perspective of a urban industrial park
 And to make keep people in closed building in a industrial area to interact with the natural scenerios
 To provide more interactive spaces and to reduce the microclimate of a urban industrial park with the design
 By concentrating dedicated infrastructure in a delimited area, to reduce the per-business cost of that
infrastructure. Such infrastructure includes roadways, railroad sidings, ports, high-power electric supplies ,
high-end communications cables, large-volume water supplies, and high-volume gas lines.
 To attract new business by providing an integrated infrastructure in one location.
 To set apart industrial uses from urban areas to try to reduce the environmental and social impact of the
industrial uses.
 To provide for localized environmental controls that are specific to the needs of an industrial area.

2.5 LIMITATIONS :
 This thesis study mainly concentrates on industrial and residential spaces
 Remaining will be provided but are not shown but not in detail
 Services will be provided but are not shown in detail

2.6 MOTIVATION :
 The motivation behind this project is scenarios of present which are leading to many kinds of pollution
industries took a major part in it ,but as we know that production and development is possible if there are
industrial areas
 As India is a developing country, it need economical support industrial is the fastest growing sector that
boosts the revenue of the economy
 So the phenomenon is to balance both the development and environment friendly design
 I have choosen biophillic architecture style in industrial park to make it possible and to reduce maximum
adverse effects of industries on nature and people
 Other reason of motivation is change the office culture of regular workman who is fixed in a closed room and
not being interacted with nature and other people that is leading to transformation of culture to a inverted
culture

2.7 BRIEF REQUIREMENTS

As the industrial park consists of three sectors
1.industrial
2.commercial
3.residential
4.recreational

requirements for industrial sector

industries
ware houses
parking
land bank

Industry ware house

Parking land bank

Requirements for commercial sector

Offices
Parking
Urban park

Urban park business offices

Requirement for residential sector

Housing
Gardens
Club house
Play area
Swimming pool

Housing club house

Requirement for recreational sector

Parks /gardens
Shopping malls
Restaurents
Open air theatre

Open air theatre garden

Shopping mall restaurant

2.8 METHODOLOGY
 3 LITERATURE STUDY

3.1 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL PARK

The Paleolithic period began about 500,000 years ago, humans began to use fire for heat and cooking. The Paleolithic
also saw humans develop language as well as a conceptual repertoire that included both the systematic burial of the
dead and adornment of the living. Signs of early artistic expression can be found in the form of cave
paintings and sculptures  made from ivory, stone, and bone, implying a form of spirituality, Paleolithic humans lived
as hunter-gatherers, and were generally nomadic. 
Beginning around 10,000 BCE, the Neolithic Revolution marked the development of agriculture, which fundamentally
changed the human lifestyle.  Cereal crop cultivation and animal domestication had occurred  by at least 8500 BCE in
the form of wheat, barley, sheep, and goats and started living native

Agriculture & animal husbandary construction of houses

Agriculture created food surpluses that could support people not directly engaged in food production ,permitting far
denser populations and the creation of the first cities and states. Cities were centres
of trade, manufacturing and political power. Cities established a symbiosis with their surrounding countrysides, , With
agriculture and new farming tools, there was more surplus of food which was used for trading in exchange for
other useful commodities (Barter System). Trading started between different communities where not only surplus
of food but also farming tools (tools made from stone) and crafts were exchanged. With this, a new social class of
merchants came into existence; they would travel thousands of miles on foot to conduct trade with other
communities. The development of cities was synonymous with the rise of  civilizations .
Based on the inhabitant region these cultural group of people started accommodating necessities based on the
availability of natural resources in the adjacent areas. Objects were now made with an aesthetic value and not just
limited to function .around 6000BCENewly settled people started importing exotic goods over distances of many
hundreds of miles

Ancient markets & industries Trading

Around 4000BCE The invention and development of ‘Wheel’ is an important part of the trading history. This
civilization that witnessed the use of wheel had a better advantage over their ancestors because they had a greater
ability to produce food, manufacture goods, and transport people and goods at a greater distance.
around 1000bce international trade on rise and around 1500ad trade routes were explored the city of vulci became
the hub of trading and manufacturing center.
EVOLUTION OF STOCK EXCHANGE
1600s: East India companies formed which changed the way business was done. The stock of these companies
would pay dividends on all the proceeds from all the voyages the companies undertook. These were the first
modern joint stock companies. This allowed the companies to demand more for their shares and build larger
fleets. The profit for investors was based on the size of the companies, combined with royal charters forbidding
competition The the evolution of industry has
began since its earliest iteration at the beginning of the industrial revolution in thE 18th century. For centuries, most of
the goods including weapons, tools, food, clothing and housing, were manufactured by hand or by using work animals.
This changed in the end of the 18th century with the introduction of manufacturing processes. The progress from
Industry 1.0 was then rapid uphill climb leading up to to the upcoming industrial era – Industry 4.0. Here we discuss the
overview of this evolution.
the first industrial park was set up in 1963 (Euro-Industrial park Munchen).during industrial revolution .A Greater
number of industrial park and parks for small and medium size industrial companies emerged no sooner than in the
second half of the 1980s and it was basically an initiative of public investors. There were 22
industrial and investment parks in West Germany in 1984. Apart from these, private parks were set up as well. These
emerged in densely populated areas, were significantly smaller when it comes to their acreage and focused on different
market areas. Haier India initiated manufacturing of
refrigerators in India in 2007 at its factory in Ranjangaon, Pune, which was further expanded into the company’s first
industrial park in India

First stocks market euro industrial park munchen

3.2 TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL PARKS

Types of industrial parks are not confined rigid they change according to the usage and segregation ,here we go with a
common types according to the management
Border economic zones
Special economic zones
Agro industrial parks
High-tech parks
Export and processing zones
Free trade zones
Bonded zones

3.3 TYPES OF INDUSTRIES

 Environmental industries
 Innovation and technology
 Cultural and creative
 Medical /chemical industries
 Heavy weight industries
 Service industries
 Small scale industries
 Mining industries
 Transport industries

3.4 FACILITIES & AMENITIES IN INDUSTRIAL PARK

The industrial parks offer as a minimum site package to the potential industrial park user ,along with protection of
investment in site the amenities and the site improvements include the following Connectivity & accessibility
Transportation & parking yards
landscape & recreational spaces
restaurents
workout facilities
play areas
ATM,banks
land banks

3.5 QUALITATIVE DATA

qualitative data is a descriptve and conceptual finding collected through experience /observation
Why senses of humans are considered ?
In recent decades though ,architects and designers have increasingly started the other senses namely
sound ,touch ,smell,and on the rare occasions even taste in their work . as there has been recognition of the
growing understanding of the multi sensory nature of human mind that has emerged from the field of cognitive
neuroscience research the reviee therefore proviveds a summary of the role of the human senses in the
architectural design

SENSE OF PLACE : sense of a place is about the context and as well as the identity or a unique
characterstic of a building or space that create meaning for an occupant to make memories

Site history

SENSE OF VISION : traditionally architectural practices has been dominated by the eye sight /vision ,the
appearance of the building surroundings have to be eye convencing and aesthetic

Greenspaces gives pleasing sense stimulus to gain attention

SENSE OF WEATHER : how to design a building that stimulates our senses follow our needs and allow us to
live in balance with nature ? a building which combines and balances both the natural day light and artificial
light use double the potential and also use the natural ventilation and avoid artificial conditioners enhance the
feeling of living in balance with nature

SENSE OF SOUND ( olfaction ) :sounds reverberate differently in spaces having different materials
acoustically reflective materials like marble ,glass ,tiles etc create a lively acoustical environment ,where as
sound absorbing materials like curtains create a calmer environment ,if the amplitude of sound increases to
uncomfortable level it causes hyperacusis

Effect of improper acoustics symptoms of hypercusis

ERGONOMICS
it is the discipline that invovles arranging of a work environment to fit the person in it
ergonomics application reduces the discomfort and fatigue significantly
Topics : general ergonomic concepts are posture ,
placement of machinery /office tools ,
spacial arrangement , leisure time intervels

Posture placements of machinery

QUANTITATIVE DATA
the quantitative data comprises data of
industries
bussiness firms
commercial facilities
residences
recreational spaces
land use ,norms and guidelines

SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES

there are many kinds of small scale like craft ,textiles,wood works, small manufacturing units etc . a small
scale industry comprises of small enterprises with less employees and comparitively light weight machines. a
small scale investment should not exceed 5 crores in machinery purchase . small scale industries uses local
resources which helps the economy, and utilize natural resources with miegre wastage

INDUSTRIES ARE
solar farms
agricultural farms
manufacturing industries
processing units
textile units
automotive industry
warehouse pottery
equipment placing and spatial arrangement counter balanced manipulator can enable operator for
the free movement of workers and place heavy loads accurately
material storage

TEXTILE INDUSTRY
textile industry is primarily concerned with the design ,production,distribution of yarn ,clothing,the raw
material maybe natural or synthetic
requires : administrative office ,hr office , raw materials, double section ,dyeing section ,warping section,power
loom section,finishing section,inspection section ,parking ,and wc

FUNCTION OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY

1.dyestuffs and auxillaries feeding

container
2.heat exchanger
3.pump fo the circulation of liquid
4.high pressure pipework
5.dyeing ,winch

FOOD PROCESSING UNIT

food processing unit is a integral part of the practices like agriculture ,horticulture , food processing unit
include the technique of mixing the raw materials and process to make consumer products like breads ,
jams ,etc
 Food processing unit layout Function of food factory

Requirements
1.receiving department 4 × 12 2 raw material storage 4×5
3 crushing department 5.8 × 6 4 peeling department 6 × 3.5
5 chopping-mixing department 3.5 × 2.7 6 chopping department 2 × 2.5
7 forming-cooking department 5.6 × 12.5 8 cooking-mixing department 2.5 × 3
9 blasting department 5 ×13.5 10 packaging department 2.4 × 6.8
11 filling department 2 × 2.5 12 food court 3×5
13 finished goods department 2.5 × 4 14 washroom & toilet 4.58 × 4.88

UPSTREAM REQUIREMENTS: DOWNSTREAM REQUIREMENTS

accessibility to raw materials. Latest processing techniques
modern extraction techniques. Latest processing machinery
good linkages with farmers. Quality testing facility
storage facilities for raw materials organized retail stores for faster
quality testing facilities. Distribution
transport facilities. Workforce

OTHER SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES

craft work unit of 175sqm manufacturing unit of 150 sqm pottery unit500sqm
emplyees : 20 approx employee : 15 approx employee :40
contains wood shapers ,rollers contains heavy machines like compressors contains pottery wheel
and storage moulding machines storage ,wood stove

EQUIPMENT IN USE WORKING SPACE(M) EQUIPMENT IN USE WORKING SPACE

METAL WORK CLOTHING

MACHINING CENTRE 6.0*4.0 SEWING MACHINE 1.2*2.2
MILLING MACHINE 3.0*3.0 LAYING UP MACHINE 7.0*14
TURRET DRILL 2.6*3.2 STEAM PRESS 2.0*2.0
SURFACEGRINDING MACHINE 2.6*2.2 IRONING BAR 2.0*2.0
CAPSTHAN LATHE 3.0*4.0 STEAM BOILER 1.2*1.2
BAR & BILLET SHEARS 2.5*3.0 ELECTRONICS
PRESS BRAKE 3.0*6.0 INSTRUMENT BENCH 1.5*4.5
ENGRAVER 2.2*3.0 MOTOR REPAIR
WELDING PLANT 2.8*2.2 EACH BAY 3.0*6.0
TOOL GRINDER 1.1*2.1 GENERAL
SHAPER 1.7*2.1 COMPRESSOR 0.75*1.2
WOOD WORK DUST COLLECTOR 1.5*2.0
BAND SAW 3.0*5.0 FURNANCE 1.5*3.0
CIRCULAR SAW 4.8*7.9 HOT DIP TANK 1.7*2.2
JOINTER 1.4*8.3 DRYING CABINET 3.0*7.0
WOOD SHAPER 2.9*1.6 UPHOLSTERY PRESS 2.5*3.5
RADIAL ARM SAW 6.5*1.8 FORGE 0.9*2.1
VENEER PRESS 5.0*4.2 KILN 0.9*2.1
POLISHER 2.2*2.6 POTTERS WHEEL 1.8*1.7
CARPENTERS BENCH 3.0*4.5

SOLAR FARMS
A tract of land in which a large number of solar panels are installed for the generation of electricity, both
photovoltaic (pv) solar panels and solar thermal energy arrays can be used in solar farm . a photovoltaic solar
panel farm uses solar panels that convert sunlight immediately into electricity. a solar thermal energy farm uses
illustrative troughs that gather, reflect, and concentrate the sun's energy. to install a solar panel the area has be
shadow free which means the area has to receive direct sunlight atleast for 5 hours . a solar panel system
generates 30-40% of electricity more in the summer season and 20-30% less in rainy and winter seasons . solar
farm acres per megawatt. when we use thin-film technology, a 1mw plant will require an average of 4.5 to 5
acres of land

SOLAR FARM FUNCTION OF SOLAR PANEL

area required for panel standard solar panel size

SOLAR SYSTEM SIZE MONTHLY GENERATION

1KW 115KWH
2KW 220KWH
3KW 330KWH
5KW 550 KWH
8KW 880KWH
10KW 1100KWH
TYPES OF SOLAR FARM
there are two main types of solar projects that solar developers are actively pursuing right now all over the
united states:
1.utility solar farms : in the case of solar farms consisting of thousands or hundreds of thousands of pv
modules on your property, the developers will sell the electricity created by the solar panels to a public utility
in urban and suburban areas. in rural settings, the power will go to an electric cooperative. in these cases, the
electricity generated by sun energy hitting the pv panels travels on the electric grid for widespread use by
consumers or corporate entities located far from your farm.
2.community solar farms : solar developers could also sell the electricity created on your land to locally
organized groups of individuals who become subscribers to a community solar program. these people may not
have the means or space to purchase their own rooftop solar system but still wish to participate in the
renewable energy revolution

WARE HOUSE
they are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of cities, towns, or villages. they
usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. sometimes warehouses are designed for the
loading and unloading of goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports . they should have a large space
that effectively uses pallet racking which helps in handling supplies, maintaining inventory. warehouse
space should also be equipped with the best technology-studded gadgets including surveillance through cctvs

Function of ware house ware house layout

1.receiving 1. office
2.storage 2 .lounge
3cross docking 3.storage
4order picking 4.loading
5.packing& shipping 5.order picking

TYPES OF WARE HOUSES

public ware houses
private ware houses
bonded ware houses
PUBLIC WARE HOUSE : a public warehouse is a specialised business establishment that provides storage
facilities to the general public for a certain charge it may be owned and operated by an individual or a
cooperative society. it has to work under a license from the government in accordance with the prescribed rules
and regulations.
PRIVATE WARE HOUSE :the private warehouses are owned and operated by big manufacturers and
merchants to fulfill their own storage needs. the goods manufactured or purchased by the owner of the
warehouses have a limited value or utility as businessman . In general cannot make use of them because of
the heavy investment required in the construction of a warehouse, some big business firms which need large
storage capacity on a regular basis and who can afford money, construct and maintain their private warehouses.
BONDED WARE HOUSE : bonded warehouses are licensed by the government to accept imported goods for
storage until the payment of custom duty. the warehouse is required to give an undertaking or ‘bond’ that it
will not allow the goods to be removed without the consent of the custom authorities . the goods are held in
bond and cannot be withdrawn without paying the custom duty. the goods stored in bonded warehouses cannot
be interfered by the owner without the permission of customs authorities. hence the name bonded warehouse
WARE HOUSE LAYOUT DESIGN GUIDELINES
1.space out the loading and unloading area : the loading and unloading areas of ware house are either built into
the building or are entirely seperated from it .
2.separate the reception area
3.organize the storage area
4.create a picking area
5.adjust shipping and packing areas

WAREHOUSE SPACE when

considering how to use warehouse space the maximum should be allocated to operational storage and stock
processing purposes, while giving up the minimum of space necessary for associated functions such as offices,
working areas, empty pallets storage, battery charging, etc

COMMERCIAL
BUSINESS FIRMS /COMPANIES
Firm is a for-profit business organization—such as a corporation, limited liability company (llc), or partnership
—that provides professional services business firms are a combination of manpower, financial, and physical
resources which help in making managerial decisions of multiple means of reaching c

There are major three types of business firms they are :

1.service business

2.merchandisng business

3.manufacturing business

4.hybrid business

1.SERVICE BUSINESS :a service type business provides intangible products (products with no physical form).
service type firms offer skills,labor
example : infrastructure ,information technology ,,hospitality

Information technology Hospitality

2.MERCHANSING BUSINESS : merchandising refers to the marketing and sales of products. merchandising
is most often synonymous with retail sales, where businesses sell products to consumer. merchandising, more
narrowly, may refer to the marketing, promotion, and advertising of products intended for retail
sale.technology is changing the face of merchandising, with electronic point-of-sale terminals to targeted and
personalized

consumer durables retailshop clothing outletshop

3.MANUFACTURING BUSINESS :a business that uses raw material and components to prepare finished
product with the help of machinery is termed as manufacturing business. this raw product can be sold directly
to the consumer or to the other industry as raw material.

Manufacturing unit Research laboratory

4.HYBRID BUSINESS : a hybrid business is a type of business operation that functions with the use lients.
there are two common uses of this term to describe slightly different approaches to the business model

Hybrid business function of hybrid business

 CHARACTERSTICES OF A
BUSINESS
1.creation of utilities
2.dealings in goods and services
3.continuity in dealings
4.sale, transfer or exchange

Spacial requirement of a office

RESIDENTIAL

Alternative construction method is used for residential purpose as the houses will be located at nearer distance
to the industries people in them need to be protected so rammed earth construction technique is used reduce the
pollution and to prevent residents from the incoming pollutants through walls

ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION METHOD

there is a lot of conventional wisdom out there about what is “typical” for building construction practices. it is
important not to get stymied by routine practice with progressive thinking about sustainable design and new
ideas about how to manage construction costs .construction methods that, old or new, are considered by the
industry to be “alternative” are

1.RAMMED EARTH

2. EARTHSHIP

3.ADOBE

RAMMED EARTH CONSTRUCTION

Of the earthen techniques, rammed earth is seeing the strongest resurgence today, made of a suitable recipe of
soil that is compressed into a mold, the resulting walls are strong and durable. like the other earthen methods,
high thermal mass offsets low r-value, and the walls are generally much thicker. the resulting walls are very
beautiful as you see the strata of the material as it was compressed into the form. these walls are significantly
stronger than adobe and cob, and require much less maintenance

Rammed earth wall rammed earth house

Advantages
1.provides excellent insulating options for off-grid living
2. anyone can create a rammed earth structure.
3. buildings made from rammed earth have more durability.
4. rammed earth offers a high level of moisture resistance.
Disadvantages
1.It takes long time to cure a rammed earth
Wall
2.you may need to pay for added insulation
3.Takes time for bank loans or approval

PROPERTIES OF RAMMED EARTH

appearance. the colour of rammed earth walls is determined by the earth and aggregate used
structural capability.
thermal mass.
insulation.
sound insulation

FOUNDATION

Rammed earth foundation is suitable almost for all soil types ,the aim is to use local soil for soil mixture ,there
every soil is analyzed and sand and gravel added according to its clay content

Construction :
Site need to be drained and
protected from moist ,for
plastering bitumen paint can be
used
Remove the top soil and make a
trench ,add thick layer of earth
&make the level smooth
Put foil paper on surface & and
place the formwork

MATERIALS
soil : soil used to form rammed earth structures should be free from organic material and other non-soil
substances, such as rubbish, deleterious material, etc.
soils for rammed earth should have 50% to 70 % (can be achieved by blending see clause 5) fine gravel
and sand, 15% to 30 % silt and 5% to 15% clay
. soil mixtures should be tested by the 'roll' method, and the break off should be between 80 mm and 120 mm
quality water : it should be free from organic materials
optimum moisture content (omc): the omc is important because it has a direct bearing on the strength of the
finished wall

Material details
MIXING AND BLENDING
soils should be well mixed prior to ramming, if:
e) there is more than one source of soil to be rammed;
f) stabilizers are to be added;
g) additional water is required to achieve omc.
h)mixing by hand or by mechanical mixer should continue until there is uniform distribution of materials with
uniform colour and consistency.

STABILIZATION
stabilizing materials may be added to earth for rammed earth structures to improve strength, to improve
resistance against water, or to achieve less shrinkage. approved materials for stabilization are:
a)ordinary portland cement
lime or hydrated lime
lime combined with pozzolanas such as pulverized fuel ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag;
cement extended with pozzolanas such as pulverized fuel ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag.
such other stabilizer as approved by the building supervisor.

1. form work & ground

work
2. rising damp protection
for walls
3. super structure

Rising damp protection for walls providing drain and overhang protection
EARTH WALLS :may be eroded at their surface by driving rain, which can loosen the smaller particles. this
may happen during or after construction. walls will perform better when a good soil mix is used and the soil
well compacted at optimum moisture content always ensure 'a good hat, boots and a coat' for long life

VISUAL TEST OF WALLS

corners and exposed edges should be protected from wear either by putting a triangular fill in the formwork (to
produce a chamfered corner) or by building up the corner using concrete wedges, or stone/brick.
walls should be free of broken edges and honeycombing
joint cracks and construction holes should be filled soon after construction, unless it is planned to render the
wall, in which case holes will act as 'key' for the render
shrinkage cracks may be caused by high clay content in the soil. it can be reduced by reducing the clay content:
stabilization will also reduce shrinkage. lime and pozzolanic mixtures work well with clay

Shrinkage cracks corner crumbling and joint cracks& construction honey combing

JOINTS : rammed earth walls should be built so that the individual sections of wall bond with the rest of the
wall by staggering joints not less than the thickness of the wall. exemption: (vertical joints in wall sections are
permitted if: foundations are in reinforced concrete or if adjacent sections interlock on plan by a minimum of
25 mm.)

Bonding of corners
SURFACE TREATMENT
waterproofing
resistance to wear,reduction in verminhiding places,
thus improved health&reducedmaintanence
reduction in heat-gain by reflection ,
ease of surface cleaning
improved appearance. reasons against adding a surface include:
extra cost (acceptance of continuing maintenance);
suitable materials not available;
process is more complicated

RENDER : bitumen emulsion, where available, may be added to earth plaster by adding to the mixing water at
the ratio of 2.25 litres/45 kg of dry plaster material. this will make a plaster that is much more resistant to
driving

ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA
anthropometrics in architectural design attempts to make every individual as comfortable as possible
the core elements of anthropometry are height, weight, head circumference, body mass index (bmi), body
circumferences to assess for adiposity (waist, hip, and limbs), and skinfold thickness
anthropometric principles in design
1.design for extreme individuals
2. design for adjustable range
3. design for the average

IN INDUSTRY
application of the knowledge of physical anthropology to the design and construction of equipment for human u
se, such as automobiles

Light weight material typical rack &shelf height simple work conditions
frequent high level control floorlevel order picking
seated control zone

TOILET DETAILS
squeezing between the equipment or hitting your elbow against the wall while washing your hands is certainly
not comfortable. to avoid such situations, when designing the space, we must also take optimal distances into
account.
if you manage to find space for two washbasins in the bathroom, then a 30 cm gap between them is the
absolute minimum.
 WC dimensions & spacing human anthropometry in toilet

RESTAURENT DETAILS & HOUSING DETAILS

type of food service model, restaurant layouts attempt to optimize seating arrangements, group sizes,
circulation patterns of customers and servers, waiting areas, and degrees of comfort and privacy
OFFICE SPACING
anthropometry has become a critical factor in workplace safety, ergonomic design of the office workstation
requires some anthropometric data

WORKOUT CENTRE
anthropometry include measurements of body size, structure, and composition. there is a wide range of ideal
body shapes and compositions, depending on the sports, the playing position and the fitness level
DISABLED ANTROPOMETRY ( barrier free built environment )

Anthropometry changes from time to time and country to country and person to person according their physical
conditions. the design of appropriate rehabilitation equipment based on anthropometric data results in disabled
empowerment, decreased health expenses, and allows disabled individuals to live and act in the society like other
healthy citizens. The purpose of this study was to determine anthropometric dimensions of disabled male and female
cases (wheelchair users) and compare this with healthy individuals
bathroom safety should be a top priority when it comes to making the home more accessible when you are in a
wheelchair
First is the Outdoor element which includes-
Car Parking
Accessible route
Outdoor-Corridors and Pavements
Stairs ,Handrails and Grab bars
Ramps and Curb Ramps
Floor and Ground surfaces
The second is the indoor elements which include-
Entrances ,Indoor-Corridors
Corridors finishing &Elevators
Fixed or built in seating and tables
Toilet

Wheel chair dimensions wheelchair person movement & spacing

Spacing of wheelchair person using washbasin toilet dimension & spacing with grab bar
Dimension of walkway of wheelchair to access car handicap ramp slope ratio - 1: 12 (max)

DESIGNREQUIREMENTS

1.Width of passage for crutch users (min. 900 mm)

2.Finishes of floor surface with non slip floor material.
3.Installation of handrail to support the body weight at the critical places e.g. staircase, toilet, ramp, 4.passage with a
change of level (800-850 mm).
5.Extension of handrail on the flat landing at the top and bottom of the stairs (300 mm )

SERVICES
building services play a central role in contributing to the design of a building, not only in terms of
overall strategies and standards to be achieved, but also in the position of vertical service risers, routes for the
distribution of horizontal services, drainage, energy sources, sustainability, and so on

SERVICES IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

electricity
water supply
sewage system
hvac
lighting
acoustics
sustainable practices

HVAC
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (hvac) is the use of various technologies to control the temperature,
humidity, and purity of the air in an enclosed space. its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable
indoor air quality. hvac system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of
thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer

principle theory of hvac

HVAC BASIC COMPONENTS
an hvac system may include the following basic components or units.
1 .hvac water chillers and heaters
2.hot water generator (if chiller does produce chilled water only) or furnace chilled water pumps
3.cooling water pumps
4.electrical power supply control or motor control center (mcc)
5.cooling towers
6.piping for chilled water and cooling water or condenser side water
7.valves for chilled water and cooling water sides
8..air handling units (ahus), heating coils and cooling coils
9..ducts in ventilation system (supply ducts and return ducts)
10.fan coil units (fcus) and thermostats
11.hvac diffusers and grills
12.hvac controls (instrumentation & control components) installed at various locations
13.hvac software for building hvac control or building management system (bms)
14.an assembly of all above components forms an hvac system.

function of hvac

LIGHT
Because of varying intensity of daylight in countries ,with humid and temprature climate in practise most
usefulto basew daylighting design on concept of daylight factor ,daylight factor : defines as ratio of indoor
illuminance to outdoor illuminance and given as percentage

Recommended daylight factor for residence

ACOUSTICS
"acoustics" in architecture means improving sound in environments. although it is a complex science,
understanding the basics - and making efficient and effective decisions - is much easier than you might think.
the first step is to understand that there are two technical categories used in acoustics: soundproofing and
acoustical treatment.
Noise produced by industrial equipments sound levels from safe to danger level

Sounds that ar above 80 decibles which are harmful to the hearing system of human by causes like
1.psychological issues
2.behaviour changes
3. physical problems
Noise pollution also impacts the health and well-being of wildlife. as shown that loud noises cause caterpillars’
hearts to beat faster and bluebirds to have fewer chicks. animals use sound for a variety of reasons, including to
navigate, find food, attract mates, and avoid predators

WASTE MANAGEMENT

WASTE MANAGEMENT : Waste management (or waste disposal) includes the processes and actions required to
manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of
waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process and waste-related laws, technologies,
economic mechanisms
TYPES OF WASTES :
1.INDUSTRIAL WASTE
2.LIQUID WASTE
3.SOLID GARBAGE
4.RADIO ACTIVE
5.RECYCALABLE WASTE

1.INDUSTRIAL WASTE & ITS TREATMENT .

There are many causes of Industrial waste. Although industries have proved to be very helpful to our society, it
has various drawbacks, and one of the most important ones is pollution caused by Industrial waste!  So, what is
Industria waste? The waste produced by the factories, mills, and mining operations to name a few and has been
rendered useless.
Wastes generated by manufacturing or various industrial processes are known as industrial wastes. The waste
produced is of three kinds – solid, liquid and gas. Some industrial wastes may be toxic and hazardous like
industrial effluent, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Hence, we need proper management for their disposal. In
this article, we will talk about industrial waste management in detail
Industrial wastes are posing a threat in today’s world as they have become one of the major causes of pollution.  
The three types of industries that generate a majority of industrial waste are:
Metallurgy,
Non-metallurgy, and
Food processing

BIODEGRADABLE INDUSTRIAL WASTE :

Those industrial waste materials which can be broken down or decomposed to non-toxic substances in nature with
time by the action of micro-organisms such as certain bacteria are called biodegradable industrial waste.
In short, we can say that a biodegradable waste decomposes naturally and becomes harmless or non-toxic after
some time. Common biodegradable industrial waste examples are cattle dung and compost, animal bones, tea
leaves, wool, paper, leather, etc.

biodegradable waste dustbin

Many industrial wastes are biodegradable but some are not. Thus, all the biodegradable industrial wastes should be
treated to make them harmless before disposing of them in soil or water
NON BIODEGRADABALE WASTE
The industrial waste materials which cannot be broken down or decomposed into non-toxic or harmless substances
in nature are called non-biodegradable industrial waste.
Since these wastes cannot be decomposed easily by micro-organisms like bacteria; hence they are major pollutants
to the environment. These non-biodegradable substances accumulate in the ecosystem and finally get absorbed by
the plants and animals. The chemicals absorbed are retained in our bodies. They can enter into the living organisms
through respiration, intake of food or drink, or even by direct absorption through the skin.

Micro plastic waste Macro plastic waste

INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE

Industrial solid wastes may include trash, the garbage that includes medical equipment, abandoned automobiles,
construction debris, electrical equipment, and many more. They lead to long-term pollution issues in the
environment. Therefore, efforts are necessary to be made for controlling pollution that arises due to the disposal of
wastes by conversion of these unwanted wastes into utilizable raw materials for various uses.
The large and medium scale industries still have some arrangements to dispose of their solid waste. But, the small-
scale industries have no such planning. Such industrial wastes along with domestic wastes are intermingled and
disposed of here and there in local bodies. Thus, a proper strategy for organising proper collection and disposal of
industrial solid waste is needed by municipal bodies.

Old equipment Solid waste

 WASTE TREATMENT
Industrial solid wastes can be reduced by taking the following measures:
1.Recycle and Reuse the wastes – Most of the solid wastes produced by industries, household activities, paper
wastes, etc., should be recycled and reused to reduce solid wastes
2.We should promote the use of reusable bags instead of plastic bags for shopping for vegetables, groceries, etc.
3.Avoid using packaged water bottles made up of plastic.
4.Contact local repair shops for reusing your old appliances instead of throwing them as thrash

Waste minimilization techniques

INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSAL

Industrial waste disposal can be done in numerous ways based on their types. Solid waste can be collected by
regular waste disposal and collection methods, though it should be ensured that solid waste is recycled, wherever
possible.
Chemical wastes should be disposed of by following all legal guidelines by the municipality. Failing to do this we
can be responsible for contributing hazardous and toxic chemicals to our environment.  Some of the most
predominant and commonly practised methods for industrial wastes disposal are:
1.Landfill (for solid wastes)
2. Incineration (for medical wastes)
3. Composting (for organic wastes
INCINERATION : Usually used for non-recyclable non biodegradable waste, biohazardous waste from hospitals, etc. It
involves decomposition of waste using high heat, i.e. above 500⁰C. The residual ash contains metals which can be
recovered using separate treatments.
SANITARY LANDFILLS :These are similar to landfills but are built in a planned and methodical way. Normal landfills
do not prevent leaching or leakage of waste and toxic substance along with water into the ground. Sanitary landfills are
built using concrete, are closed areas with facilities to collect the leachate and gases released. These also prevent pest
breeding and pathogen spread.
PLASMA ARC FURNACES :These are specialized furnaces which directly convert waste to plasma, the fourth state of
matter.
ENCAPSULATION : In this method, the waste is packed compactly in an inert cover called a capsule, which does not
allow any exchange of gases other substances. These capsules can be used for burying the waste deep down into the
ground

INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

As a consequence of industrial activities, a wide range of industrial wastes is generated which  needs to be disposed
of properly. Most industries dispose of their wastes in the water bodies resulting in industrial waste water pollution.
But before this, proper sustainable treatment of wastes is necessary to avoid any toxic substances being introduced
into the water bodies. Some of the industrial waste management techniques are:
1. Biological Treatment – Biodegradable wastes containing elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. can be removed
by this technique which is a very efficient and low-cost technique. Treatment may be aerobic as well as anaerobic.
2. Vacuum Evaporation – Liquid industrial wastes can be treated by the vacuum evaporation technique. It  is
a wastewater treatment method that separates water from the contaminants having high boiling points. In this
method, wastewater is fed into a hot boiling chamber and heated until the water molecules vaporize.
3. Physicochemical Treatment – Physicochemical treatment involves a combination of processes that may be
performed in a single unit or separate units consecutively. These processes include coagulation, flocculation, and
sedimentation

INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS

Various prevention methods of industrial wastes mainly include the ‘three R’s rule’ that stands for Reduce, Reuse
and Recycle. Let us discuss the various prevention methods in detail.
1. Firstly, we should try to reduce the amount of waste we throw away and reduce landfill space, natural resources as
well as energy.
2. New upgraded equipment should be used by industries that produce less scrap.
3. Good quality raw materials should be used as starting materials as they will not produce harmful gases on
combustion or further reactions.
4. Packaging materials should be minimized. Packing tiny objects in a large box is useless and will increase solid
waste.
5. Unnecessary steps in the manufacture of products should be cut off and this will help to minimize wastage.

SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
the philosophy of sustainability in architecture is embodied through different practices that aim to reduce the
negative impact of a house or building on its environment and to take care of the quality of life of its users  and
neighboring community.
the implementation of a sustainable architecture is manifest with choices of techniques, methods of management,
the selection of materials and the internal organization of functions and spaces, in order to control, in particular, the
consumption of energy and the life environment of users
SOME OF THE EFFECTIVE SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES ARE :
1.thermal insulation
2.the orientation of the building
3.shape of building
4.management of water and sewage waste
5.heat recovery
6.energy production
7.vegetation
8.design of roads and pathways in sustainable way
9.vegetation
10.alternative construction technique

MANAGEMENT OF WATER AND SEWAGE WASTE

1.waste minimisation technique
2. sewage water treatment unit 3.
rain water harvesting
4. soak pits

Function of soak pit :  filtration, the greywater passing through the soak pit is subjected which results in the settlement
of smaller particles of effluents at the bottom of the soak-pit and by the microorganisms, these smaller particles are
digested. Then through the porous wall of the soak-pit, the filtered water is then discharged out.

1. From the primary treatment unit, soak pit serves the purpose of receiving the effluent water.
2. It undertakes the partial treatment of the effluent water coming out of the primary treatment unit.
3. To the ground, soak-pit discharges clear and non-harmful water.
4. The treated water comes out of the porous walls of the soak pit because of its design.
5. To recharge the groundwater bodies, the soak-pit helps
 Soak pit soak pit function

RAINWATER HARVESTING
Rain water harvesting is a technique of collection and storage of rain water at surface or in sub surface aquifiers ,before it is lost as
surface run off the augmented resource can be harvested in the lime or need
Methods
1.recharge pit
2.recharge well
3.recharge trench
4.tubewell

Rain water harvesting function

Function of rain water harvesting

the water collected from the roof top will be filtered in layers and stored in underground tanks and when needed will be
filtered again in reverse osmosis system and sent to overhead tanks

IMPORTANCE OF RAINWATER HARVESTING :

Over 85 percent of the cultivated area in India is either directly dependent on rain or depends on rain to
recharge its groundwater. Seasonal rain provides water for irrigation, drinking, and household needs. It
provides water to livestock and is necessary to grow fodder for animals.
Harvesting rainwater is a great way of lessening your carbon footprint and becoming self-sufficient in your
water needs. Harvested water can tide you through dry periods and can be used for a variety of household
needs.
Rainwater harvesting is a viable and affordable technology in an urban setting to ensure water self-sufficiency
It helps meet the ever-increasing demand for water.
Rain water harvesting improves the quality and quantity of groundwater
Reduces urban flooding

WASTE RECYCLE : Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. The
recovery of energy from waste materials is often included in this concept. The recyclability of a material depends on its
ability to reacquire the properties it had in its original state
1.RECYCLE OF BIODEGRADABLE WASTE : Biodegradable waste is animal or plant matter that breaks down
naturally with exposure to microorganisms, heat, and oxygen. Recycling biodegradable waste into a nutrient-
rich, usable material is often called composting. The material created through composting can later be
added to soil

On ground composting underground composting

2. RECYCLE OF NON BIODEGRADABLE WASTE :

Iron materials: Among metals, Iron is the most recycled one. It can be easily separated by magnetic
methods, molten in a...
Non-Iron materials: Other metals like Aluminium, copper, and alloys like brass etc. These materials are
ground into fine...
Glass: Things like glass bottles, jars, etc. are crushed, decolourized and put into the furnace for melting. This
can be...
Plastic: There are various types and grades of plastics that all cannot be mixed together for treatment

RECYCLE UNIT
Plastic is one of most used non biodegradable material which need to be reused and recycled so recycling
units can be placed in the industrial park for recycling waste produced in the industrial park for self
sustainability

Recycling unit Recycled plastic bricks

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY : Fossil fuels provide 85% of the world's energy consumption and the energy system is
responsible for 76% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Around 790 million people in developing countries lack access to electricity and 2.6 billion rely on polluting fuels such as
wood or charcoal to cook. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions to levels consistent with the 2015 Paris Agreement will
require a system-wide transformation of the way energy is produced, distributed, stored, and consumed.
The burning of fossil fuels and biomass is a major contributor to air pollution, which causes an estimated 7 million deaths
each year.
Therefore, the transition to a low-carbon energy system would have strong co-benefits for human health.
Pathways exist to provide universal access to electricity and clean cooking in ways that are compatible with climate
goals, while bringing major health and economic benefits to developing countries.
Usage of renewable resources like solar energy reduces the emission of green house gases and prevent fossil fuel from
extint
as use hydropower causes water pollution and usae of nuclear power releases harmful radio active elements if any
accident occurred it destroys lots of lives so solar energy will be feasible
SUSTAINABLE ROAD DESIGN

1.use of low carbon materials

2.using more recycled concrete
3.integrating sustainability into design process

1.multi layrer vegetation

2.curb notches
3.bio retention swale
4.mulch,gravel base

PARKING & TRANSPORTATION

TRANSPOTATION
According to the indian standards
road width of carriage way is :
single lane :0.75metres
two lanes (without raise kerbs ) : 7.0 metres
two lanes (with raise kerbs ) : 7.5metres
multi lane pavement : 3.5 metres per lane
note : no vehicle shall have width exceeding 2.44metres and height for normal vehicle 3.8 metres & length 18.7m

transport in industrial area vehicular dimensions & turning radius

TRANSPORT IN INDUSTRIAL AREA

transport used by industrial enterprises to move objects worked on and products in the production area . industrial transport is
both integral part of production process & an important link in the general transportation systems
Turning space dimensions
the turning path of a medium-sized
semi truck measures the minimum
possible turning radius necessary for
performing a u-turn in a vehicle with
a 0’ (12.2 m) wheelbase
Car turn angle and area
The inner outer radii of the outer turn
a minimum radius of 11.6 and
maximum radii of 19.2 should
be provided
circlular drive way drop off dimension
PARKING
industrial park provides internal infrastructure and external infrastructure and connectivity
desirable parking area according to the type of building

RAMP DIMENSION & SLOPE

slope ratio of ramp - rise /run =slope (ratio)
ideal slope (ratio ) at commercial and public uses is : 1;10 for short distances
ideal slope (ratio) at public places for user is
1:20 for long distances
ideal slope (ratio) at public places for wheel chair users is 1:12

Ramp design & dimensions Parking bay allotment

PARKING BAYLAYOUT WITH ANGLES

45 Degrees angle 90 Degrees angle 30 Degrees angle

SPACE REQUIREMENTS
space/car with driving lanes but without main access and exit
90 degress parking approx 20sqm
45 degrees parking approx 23sqm
usually preffered foe ease of parking
VISITING TRAFFIC TRAFFIC
parking space for 7-9 % of vehicles regular visitors visitors town centre parking space needed (including drive
in ) 20-25 sqm /car
 LIGHTING
well-designed parking lot led lighting can help prevent accidents, deter crime, make your employees and guests
feel more secure while still maintaining an attractive community environment. Mean service illumination for
parking is 20

FIRE SAFETY AND PROTECTION

parking garage fire safety is something all businesses need to be aware of.
if your building has a parking garage, it requires precautions for safety and compliance with

FIRE SAFETY TIPS

1.ventilation
2.fire extinguishers
3.clear signages
4.removal of flammable materials
5.install smoke detection systems
6.provide adequate means of escape Fire extinguishers Parking signages

LANDSCAPE IN DESIGN

Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-
behavioural, or aesthetic outcomes.
It involves the systematic design and general engineering of various structures for construction and human use,
investigation of existing social, ecological, and soil conditions and processes in the landscape, and the design of other
interventions that will produce desired outcomes.
landscape design  .site planning; stormwater management; erosion control; environmental restoration; parks, recreation
and urban planning; visual resource management; green infrastructure planning and provision; and
private estate and residence landscape master planning and design; all at varying scales of design, planning and
management.
Landscape plans include natural elements like flowers, trees, and grass as well as man-made elements such as lawn
furniture, fountains, and sheds. Landscape designs may also include overlays for irrigation and lighting
Landscape design comprises of hardscape like seating areas ,lighting, pathway etc
The term hardscape design refers to very specific components employed the in designing and creation of your
landscape. Long story short, your hardscape is essentially all of the non-living element of a landscape design such
as wood, stone, concrete, bricks, rocks and boulders, pavers, etc

Landscape in design hardscape ( pathway)

LANDSCAPE IN DESIGN PRINCIPLES

This principle applies to any landscape scheme, whether residential or commercial.
If the design is to be successful, then it must blend the building seamlessly into its environment.
To achieve this, the designer needs to be able to combine symmetry with biology,
landscape gets more fame with native plants and use of vernacular materials in hardscape
vegetation should be done according to the climate and soil type
  NORMS AND GUIDELINES TO BUILT A INDUSTRIAL PARK
 Norms and guidelines to be followed to built a industrial are
 To follow the state corporation norms (APIIC,TSIIC)
 Industrial park should have minimum of 10 industries or service units and minimum land of 40 acres
 according to industrial park policy
 pollution checks should be done regularly

LAND USE

 1.INDUSTRIAL – 50-55%
 2.RECREATIONAL ,BUFER ZONES – 10-12 %
 3.RESIDENTIAL - 15-20 %
 4.COMMERCIAL- 2-3%
 5.SERVICES - 8-10%
 LANDSCAPE – 10-15 %
4. CASE STUDIES-
DESKTOP STUDY

CHANDIGARH INDUSTRIAL AREA

LOCATION
chandigarh industrial area is located on the south – eastern side of the city. proximity to the railway station and the
national highway

COORDINATES :

SITE CONTEXT
SITE INTRODUCTION
site area : 1200 developed phase wise with three phases
areas of phases : phase 1= 776.14 acres
phase 2 =486.0 acres
phase 3 = 153 acres
while phases 1&2 are nearly fully developed phase 3 is yet to get developed
year of planning : 1977

SITE ACCESIBILITY
chandigargh railway station - 7kms
chandigargh bus station - 8.7kms
chandigargh airport -10kms - -
nearest highway - nh5,nh7,nh152
nearesthospitals - 3 within park
nearest gas station - 7 stations in park
nearest water body - sukna lake ,new lake accessibility
 Industrial park masterplan

SITE HISTORY
The site a agricultural land before the construction of industrial area
While the city planning the industrial area is segregated to end of city near to the transport facilities
like airport, railway station and bus station
The site has land with less contours
TOURIST ATTRACTIONS

Palace of assembly Jallianwallabagh

CITY HISTORY :
chandigargh used to be called as ambala in 1800’s
the city was planned by architect le courbuiser in 1951
basic planning concepts the city plan was conceived as post war ‘garden city’ wherein vertical and high rise buildings
were ruled out, keeping in view the living habits of the people. le corbusier conceived the master plan of chandigarh as
analogous to human body
the city is well planned in sectors for easy access

TOPOGRAPHY
ELEVATION : AVERAGE OF 489 METRES (1053FT) ABOVE SEA LEVEL
MAXIMUM OF 2220METRES ABOVE SEA LEVEL
MINIMUM OF259METRES ABOVE SEA LEVEL
COORDINATES : 30°44′N 76°47′E / 30.74°N 76.79°E / 30.74; 76.79.
AREA OF COVER : 114SQKM
SOIL TYPE : CLALEYSILT SOIL ON TOP SANDYSILT IN DEPTH
IN NORTHERN PARTS THE SOIL IS SANDY TO SANDY LOAM WHERE AS IT IS LOAMY TO SILT LOAM
IN SOUTHERN PARTS.
SESIMIC ZONE : 4TH ZONE

Site Contourmap

ELEVATION DATA OF SITE

MINIMUM : 321M
MAXIMUM : 343M
URBAN TRANSIT DENSITY

ACOUSTICS
less vehicular noise in city sectors
heavy noise industrial area due to heavy vehicles
,airport and railway transit
chandigargh has a less transit density

METROLOGICAL DATA
CHANDIGARGH
CLIMATE : HUMID SUB TROPICAL CLIMATE
AVERAGE TEMPRATURE : MAX
MIN
AVERAG PRECIPITATION : MAX
MIN
AVERAGE HUMIDITY : MAX
MIN

Day light wind flow

Number of daily hours of sunshine is measured highest average wind speed is in may ( 10.6KM/H)
onaverage. in may of 12.24 hours of sunshine a day lowest average wind speed is in august ( 6.6KM/H)
Lowest number of daily hours of sunshine is measured
onaverage. in january of 8.73 hours of sunshine a day
 Wind rose diagram Temprature table
highest wind towards north east Highest temperatures are in june (39.4C)
lowest towards south west Lowest tempratues are in january (18.9C)

Rainfall table cloud cover

Highest rain fall in august (196MM) the most cloud cover is august (cloud cover 34).
Lowest rainfall are in october &November(7MM) the least cloud cover is october (cloud cover 5)

MICRO CLIMATE OF SITE

more noise level compared to the city region
more degrees of temprature due to heat released from factories
landscape area causes shade and decrease in temprature

INFRASTRUCTURAL DETAILS
CHANDIGARGH INDUSTRIAL AREA IS OF 1400 ACRES
IT IS DEVELOPED IN THREE PHASES
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
PHASE 3
INDUSTRIAL PLOTS
TOTAL PLOTS PLANNED IN PHASE 1&2 = 1966 PLOTS
THSES PLOTS RANGE FROM 0.03 ACRES ( 121.4SQM) TO 44 ACRES (178062SQM)
( CABLE ORDINAL FACTORY )
THE INDUSTRIES PROVIDE EMPLOYMENT MPLOYME T N TO ABOUT 23340 PERSONS.

CONVERSION OF INDUSTRIAL TO COMMERCIAL LAND

in july 2005, the chandigarh administration announced a scheme ‘conversion of landuse in the industrial area phase-i &
ii from industrial to commercial’ with the objective of revitalizing the area.
the permitted commercial activities include tertiary sector: malls, shops, offices, banks, hotels, restaurants, training
institutions etc. the policy was however
DISCONTINUED FROM 18-09-2008.
2074 micro, small & medium industries in chandigarh employing 18128 workers
which have increased to 2488 units in the 2009-10 employing 23340
WORKERS.
total industrial sites in phase-i & ii = 1884 total covered area of industrial sites in phase-i & ii = 987370 sq. yds. total
sites allowed conversion to commercialsites in industrial area phase-i & ii = 82 total covered area of commercialsites in
industrial area phase i & ii = 788640 sq. yds. total enhanced area in industrial area phase i & ii = 680845sq.yds.

THE INDUSTRIAL UNITS ARE MAINLY ANCILLARY IN NATURE AND INCLUDE

manufacturing of sanitary fittings,
paper and paper products,
printing,
industrial fasteners (nuts, bolts and screws), auto & tractor parts,
steel fabrication,
wooden and steel furniture
electrical appliances, lathes, job tools and dyes,
repairing and servicing of cars etc

Industrial fastners wood furniture electrical appliances

NUMBER 0F MNC IN CHANDIGARH INDUSTRIAl AREA ARE

10 MNC COMPANIES
quantum solutions
sark
pharma franchise kart
ventus pharma
outline system pvtltd
 OTHER LAND USES
chandigarh transport undertakings of punjab & haryana covering around 26.09 acres
slaughter house/poultry/flour mills/ broiler farm/dairy farm covering 24.63 acres
public health stores /hot mix plant covering 28.34 acres grid substations on area of 22.20 acres
printing & stationary department/ telephone workshop on 6.50 acres 6 parking lots (9.71 acres).
godowns of railways/central warehousing (14.73 acres) community services (6.34 acres

RESIDENTIAL AREA
no residential accommodation for the industrial workers was provided in the industrial area
a large unauthorized labor colony 4 occupying nearly 25.5 acres of land has developed adjoining phase i of the
industrial area over 40 years

Un authorized community housing Improper sewrage and road planning

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PARK

 Information technology park

Area statement

 in 2002, chandigarh administration set up phase i & ii of an information technology (it) park, over an area of
123.43 acres and 228.49 acres respectively..

 empolyement capacity 10000persons at beginning

LIST OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COMPNIES

 OTHER AMENITIES

 BUS STATIONS

 SHOPPING CENTRES

 HOSPITALS/DISPENSERIES -7

 BANKS AND ATMS

 HOTELS/RESTAURENTS - 31

 PARKS /GARDENS -26

 INSTITUTIONS - 10

 THEATRES /AMPHE THEATRES -3

 POOLS AND PLAYGROUNDS

 PUBLIC SPACES

AMENITIES/COMMERCIAL FACILITIES
 HOSPITALS/DISPENSERIES -7
 BANKS AND ATMS
 HOTELS/RESTAURENTS - 31
 BUS STATIONS - 12

FACILITIES
TRANSPORTATION

ROADS AND ACCESS

PARKING

SERVICES

LANDSCAPE

TRANSPORTATION :
provision of cycle tracks and pedestrian pathways –
safe mobility for pedestrians and cyclists by providing dedicated lanes/tracks and paths /pavementsshall be planned.
provision of underground parking lots, taxi stand sites in industrial area phase-ii on the sites earmarked for parking.
provision of low cost dhabas/eating joints for the workers/ labourers in phase i and ii of the industrial area.
tree plantation along the railway line the railway line passing through the industrial area has industrial plots on either
side which shall be protected by thick plantation of indigenoustrees species.

PARKING
underground parking lots
taxi stands
outdoor parking
visitors parking
 double layer parking Taxi stand
overall width: 2424 mm
lifting height: 1600mm/1800 mm
power: 220 v
overall length: 4256 mm
lifting capacity: 2200kgs

SERVICES
electricity
water suppy
drainage system
sewerage tratment
plant
fire safety

ELECTRICITY
hydro electric power supply is mantained in the park
a very few units use solar electricity in phase 2 due to availability of solar panel factory

High power lines substation in industrial area

WATER SUPPLY

LEGEND
GREEN - green spaces covered with
existing tt water distribution network –
RED - existing trunk mains
-
BLUE - green spaces to be covered with
tt water distribution network under separate
estimate
LIGHT RED - existing rising mains

Water supply map of chandigargh

  The industrial area has existing trunk mains and rising mains for distribution of water
 Trunk main means a main constructed for the purpose of conveying water from a source of supply to a filter or
reservoir

SEWAGE MANAGEMENT
Uunderground drainage system
The industrial area consists of sewage water treatment plant
FIRE SAFETY
There are no fire safety measure followd in the industrial park
FIRE ACCIDENTS : : goods destroyed in blaze at factory in chandigarh sewage water treatment plant
industrial area
a major fire broke out at the first floor of a factory in phase 1,
industrial area due to short circuit

Fire in industries damaged goods in fire

Fire safety is mantained in the commercial areas like companies and bussiness firms in parking and for building
Fire extinguishers
Water sprinklers
Fire safety alarms
DUMPYARD
no city sewerage treatment plant is existing at site for discharging of internal sewerage of the proposed industrial area.
a site for a sewerage treatment plant adjacent to the existing cremation ground with an area of 6200 sq m. is
recommended.

GREEN BELT
green buffer around the village raipur kalan a green buffer shall be provided around raipur kalan village located in the
middle of the industrial area phase iii to act as a buffer from the industrial activity together with land for augmentation
of social infrastructure and residential requirement of the village

CRIME PREVENTION
crime prevention measure like installing cctv cameras in the streets are not taken
darks spaces area found where there are chance of crime
adequte street lighting is provided
unauthorized residentials colonies can become crime target

MAJOR VIOLATIONS IN ALL INDUSTRIAL UNITS 

no emergency exit points 
isi mark fire extinguishers not installed 
hose reels with accessories not provided 
automatic detecting alarm system not installed 
loose electricity wiring found in most of the units 
fire smoke check door not installed 
underground static water storage tank with 75,000 litre capacity, with diesel and electric pump, not provided

POLLUTION EFFECT
moderate pollution
sensitive groups likely not to do outdoor activities
pm2.5 concentration in chandigarh air is currently 6.3 times above the who annual air quality guideline value

Pollution concentration check table

pm2.5 produced by
combustion of gasoline
burning fossil fuel for energy
wood works in minute quantity
green house gases by chemical reactions

SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
storm water drainage system
solar power
storm water drainage is the process of draining excess water from streets, sidewalks, roofs, buildings and other areas.
a system which use to drain storm water at various places it has different names like sewers and drainage wells. storm
water can be any rainfall, such as rain, snow and sleet that falls on the surface of the earth.

Storm water drain inlet chandigargh storm water drain in map

BENEFITS OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE

Recharges the ground water
Prevent soil erosion
Prevent flooding of water

LANDSCPE
large variety of outstanding trees have been used to beautify chandigarh. prominent among these trees are:
 chukrasia tabularis (modern neem), 
swietenia macrophylla (mahogani), 
azadirachta indica (neem),
 schleichera oleosa (kusum), 
bischofia javanica (bishop wood), 
kigelia pinnata (sausage tree), 
terminalia bellirica (bahera), 
alstonia scholaris (scholar tree), 
pterospermum acerifolium (kanak champa), 
haplophragma adenophyllum (maror phali),  Bishofia javanica Mitragyna parviflora
mitragyna parviflora (kaim), 
ficus infectoria (pilkhan), 
terminalia arjuna (arjun tree) 
sterculia alata, and eucalyptus citriodora.

MATERIAL USED IN INDUSTRIAL PARK CONSTRUCTION

Reinforced cement concrete
Stainless steel
Wood
Glass
Cogulated metal
Fibre cement

MERITS
accesibility and coonectivity
infrastructure
good percentage of green spaces
well planned storm water drainage system
wide roads for heavy vehicle transport
traffic less patterning of road system
DEMERITS
unauthorised residentiasl area that formed a slum
no firesafety and violation fire safety rues
increase in air pollution
lack of soid waste tratment plant
lack of sustainable practices
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH : the strength of the industrial area is its accessibility
the chandigargh industrial area is very nearest to the transit points like
railway station
airport
bus station and a very good connectivity to the phases and all the industrial units to the main roads
WEAKNESS : the weakness of the industrial area is the unauthorized residential area and lack of solid waste management
plant
OPPURTUNITY : the oppurtunity of the industrial are is its transloading bays and ware housing and less road trafficing
pattern
THREAT : the threat in the industrial area is violation of fire saftey rulles and not providng fire safety to the industrial
units causes the below
destruction goods
injuries in large scale
cause of deaths
loss of money
other notable threat is lack of crime prevention measures
threat also include the increasing pollution in the industrial area
INFERENCES
The industrial area has a good infrastructure ,wide roads with a convinient connectivity to all othrer places
The industrial area also alloted sufficient green spaces but still there are pollution records due to heavy pollutants from
chemical industries
The industrial area need to improve sustainable practives like using solar energy , waste recycling unit removal of top soil ,
usage of recycled materials and need authorized housing and fire safety

CASE STUDY
JAWAHAR AUTONAGAR INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
VIJAYAWADA
LOCATION
jawahar autonagar industrial estate is located in the eastern side of vijayawada ,andhra pradesh
it is established in 1966 ,completed 55 years
area of city : 73 sqm
elevation of city : 39m above sea level
city coordinates : 16 31’ n latitude and 80 39’ e
the northern, north-western, and southwestern parts of the city are covered by a low range of hills,
while the central south-western and north-western parts are covered by rich and fertile agriculture lands with three
major irrigation canals.

SITE CONTEXT
TOPOGRAPHY
COORDINATES :
ELEVATION : 19m above sea level
SOIL TYPE : vijayawada has four types of soils they are
1. black cotton (57.6%)
2. sand clay loams (22.3%)
3. red loams (19.4%
autonagar consists of red loamy soil
Loamy soils are an intermediate soil halfway between sand and clay. This soil typically has a mix of organic
material, sand and clay. Loamy soils are considered by builders to be adequate for building on, which means
that they are better than clay but worse than sand
SESIMIC ZONE : 3rd zone ( moderate type of effect due to earth quake )
vijayawada is a seismically vulnerable area
according to a seismologist, in the vijayawada region, earthquake of magnitude 5 to 4.5-5 o 
it is safe when the constructions and structures are built according to the government rules and guidelines

India seismic zone map

 contour map

GANNAVARAM AIPORT
VIJAYAWADA RAILWAY STATION
BUS STATION
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS
PETROL BUNK
HOSPITAL
WATER BODY
INSTITUTIONS

CITY HISTORY
 the city was the capital of andhra desam which was ruled by the satavahana and vishnukundina dynasties. the capital
region of satavahanas consisted of the surrounding towns of eluru, guntur, nuzvid and gudiwada
vijayawada has been the center of the vishnukundina kingdom in the 5bc -6bc and the headquarters of the early
chalukyas of badami
it stretches 1223.5 m across the krishna river connecting krishna and guntur districts. it is one of the first major
irrigation projects of south india and was completely successful in its mission. completed in 1855 it helps irrigating
over 1.2 million acres of land annually.

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
prakasam barrage
bhavani islands
moghulrajpuram caves
gandhi hills
bapu museum

Bapu museum moghulrajpuram caves

METROLOGICAL DATA

VIJAYAWADA
CLIMATE : TROPICAL CLIMATE
AVERAGE TEMPRATURE : MAX
MIN
AVERAG PRECIPITATION : MAX
MIN
AVERAGE HUMIDITY : MAX
MIN

HOURS OF SUNSHINE PER A DAY ANNUAL TEMPRATURE TABLE

i number of daily hours of sunshine is measured highest temperature is recorded in may 45degrees
on average. in may of 12.24 hours of sunshine a lowest temperature is recorded in January 29degrees
day i lowest number of daily hours of sunshine is
measured on average.
in january of 8.73 hours of sunshine a day
 PRECIPITATION TABLE WIND SPEED GRAPH
precipitation amounts to 980 millimeters highest avaerge wind speed is recorder in may
(38.6 inches) per year: so, it is at an intermediate level. (10.6KM/H)
it ranges from 7 mm (0.3 in) in the driest month (january) lowest average wind speed id recorded in
to 195 mm (7.7 in) in the wettest one (july). here is the august &September (6.6KM/H)
average precipitation.

ANNUAL RAINFALL GRAPH ANNUAL RELATIVE HUMIDITY

Highest rain fall is recorded in august (186MM) Highest relative humidity is recorded in
Lowest rainfall is recorded in November & December august (89%)
( 6.9MM) Lowest relative humidity is recorded in
May ( 52%)

WIND ROSE DIAGRAM CLOUD COVER

Highest monsoon winds are towards south direction The most cloud cover is in august (cloud cover 34)
Lowest monsoon winds are towards west direction The least cloudcover is in October (cloudcover 5)

MICRO CLIMATE OF SITE

More noise level compared to the city region
More degrees of temprature due to heat released from factories
Landscape area causes shade and decrease in temprature

INFRASTRUCTURAL DETAILS
JAWAHAR INDUSTRIAL PARK IS OF 53 ACRES IN THE EASTERN PART OF VIJAYAWADA
Jawahar industrial park is developed in one phase
Number of plots : 120 units for industries
There are ware houses
A bus station is located adjacent to the industrial park
There are approximately 10,000 people working in the industrial park
APIIC is exercising/performing the statutory powers/functions of the local bodies with effect from 01-10-1994
onwards in 287 nos. industrial areas (phase wise)/ housing complexes/mini industrial estates/commercial complexes
falling under municipalities, municipal corporations and gram panchayats in the state, through its officers nominated as
executive authority under the relevant acts
To promote “local self-governance” of the industrial areas, apiic has evolved the concept of industrial areas service
Societies involving the tax payers community in the notified industrial areas in the management/maintenance of
Industrial areas
Plot area : 33.86 sqm
Number of companies in membership : 40

Jawahar autonagar industrial estate

SITE HISTORY
The area of jawahar autonagar industrial park is established by apdc in 1960
The land in autonagar before the construction of industrial park is agricultural land
After some years the industrial park is taken by apiic & iala

SITE
TYPE OF INDUSTRIES IN JAWAHAR AUTONAGAR INDUSTRIAL PARK
1.MANUFACTURING OF UTENSILS
2. FOOD PROCESSING UNITS
3. AUTOMOBILES
4. PRINTING PRESS
5. DIGITAL AND GRAPHICING UNIT
6. DISTRIBUTION UNITS
7.WOOD FURNSHING SHOPS
8.STEEL MANUFACTURING UNITS
9.TYRE MANUFACTURING

Industrial estate master plan

OFFICES / LAND BANKS IN THE INDUSTRIAL AREA

1.DISTRICT INDUSTRIES CENTRE
2.AP TOURISM OFFICE
3.CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OFFICE COMPLEX
4.INDUSTRIAL WORKERS ASSOCIATION
5. APIIC ZINAL OFFICE
6. IALA CO DISTRICT INDUSTRIAL CENTRE
BUSSINESS FIRMS
FINANCE COORPORATION
STALIN COMPANY
WARE HOUSE
jawahar autonagar industrial estate offers ware houses ranges from
1400 sft to 7000sft
ware houses are located near the main road for a good accessibility
ware houses are maximum of 2 floors with 5 to 12 metres
ware houses have access to load the
products in to the transport trucks

WARE HOUSES LOCATION OF WARE HOUSES IN MAP

HOUSING
A single complex of housing is given by the government for the workers through housing scheme
capacity : 489 houses
The housing unit name is lic complex
Schooling is available beside the housing complex
Single and double bedroom flats are given
But only 489 houses are not sufficient for the workers in the industrial aprk

Apiic housing complex single bedroom flats

INDUSTRY IN DETAIL
VIZAYA ALUMINIUM UNTENSILS MANUFACTURING UNIT
Total area / alloted area : 900sqm
Built up area : 700sqm
Number of people working : 40 members
Storage of scrap aluminium : 10 tons
Timber used in furnance per day : 1 ton
Microclimate : very hot
Equipment used : compressors ,moulding , furnance , metal punching machines
No.of equipment 5 large machines ,10 small machines ,10 handy machines
ventilators are given but in
a less number
there is lot of heat releasing
from the furnance and sent out through chimney
vegetation is planted on outside of factory
finished product is polished by acid for shine and texture

Compressor & moulding Metal scrap Generator ( 10kwh )

Polishing of metal Furnance Chimney out let

SERVICES AND FACILITIES

Electricity
Water supply
Sewerage system
Sustainable practices
Transportation
Parking
Fire safety
Survaillance

ELECTRICITY
the industrial estate is using hydropwer
the industrial estate is not using solar energy for electricity
every lane has a transformer heavy manufacturing units like aluminium
are having their own trnasformer for more power consumption

WATER SUPPLY
There is no water supply in the jawahar industrial park
Tanker water supply is arranges in times of need
The industrial park doesn’t have any underwater sumps or tanks

PARKING
there is no organized and a particular area for parking
vehicles are parked on the road sides & infront of building due to lack of parking
 Temporary parking lot for trucks vehicles parked in front of building

SEWAGE SYSTEM
there are no undr water drainage systems in the industrial estates
there are no waste collecting bins on roads and the litter is thrown on the roads

Trash on roads Trash in drainage

ROADS & TRANSPORT

roads are wide enough for heavy vehicles movement like trucks and vans
concrete roads are laid
100ft wide roads are laid for the industrial purpose
Roads are maintained clean

SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
There is only one sustainable practice
That is storm water system
There is no sustainable road design
No sustainable electricity

SURVAILLANCE
The industrial area has no cctv survaillance
Industrial area has no proper security

CRIME PREVENTION
There no proper crime prevention practices
Due to empty plots and unconserved old buildings there are more chances of crime
There are notable dark spaces in the industrial park

LANDSCAPE
According to thr guidelines given by the government
Area for green space is 33% of total area
Landscape in the industrial area
 Vegetaion in site landscape

Existing flora and fauna

vijayawada has a humid and hot weather ficus and indica trees grow more here for climate and soil
there are many varieties of flora
in the industrial park they are
azardirachta indica
ficus religiousa
ficus benghalensis
cocos nucifera
mangifera indica

FIRE SAFETY
in the industrial park there is no fire safety precaution are taken
there are no :
fire extinguishers
fire alert alarms

SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH : the strength of the industriak park is its connectivity
the industrial park is planned in a grid style of planning
WEAKNESS : jawahar autonagar industrial park is lacking a good hygiene and waste management that is causing a
bad effect for people passing the area and people working in it
OPPURTUNITY : autonagar lies in the prime location which has a good access with all transport facilities with nearly
equal distances
TRET : this industrial park has great tret with lacking of fire safety measures and high chances of crime due to lack of
survaillance and crime prevention measures and pollution is being increased

DEMERITS
there no prper hygiene and sewerage system
there are no fire safety practices
there is no water supply
notable amount of pollution rate
insufficient hosing for the workers
no pollution control practices
no sustainablity practices
no underground drainage system
no parking facilities given
no survaillance
no crime prevention practices
there are no dustbins on roads
no government guidelines are been follwed in the industrial park
MERITS
Good road connectivity & green spaces
Low pollution
Location of industrial estate

INFERENCES
The industrial park has a good accessibility and connectivity
Located in a prime area
need to improve sew erage system
need to ex tend housing for workers
industrial park need to install services and survaillance
ineed to improve pollution control practices
the industrial park has good number of ware houses
it need to restore old ware houses and industrial plots
need to install parking facilities
need to install dustbins on roads
need to improve lanscape
 COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS
S,. CHANDIGARGH JAWAHAR STANDARD DESIGN REQUIREMENT
N INDUSTRIAL AREA INDUSTRIAL
O ESTATE
VIJAYAWADA

1. PROJECT 1977 1966 --------------------------

YEAR

2. LOCATION CHANDIGARGH VIJAYAWADA --------------------------

3. AREA 1000ACRES 50 ACRES MIN 40 ACRES 185 ACRES

4. SECTORS INDUSTRIAL INDUTRIAL INDUSTRIAL IS INDUSTRIAL

COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL MANDOATORY COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL

5. USER GROUP  WORKERS  WORKERS DEPENDS ON

 OFFICERS  OFFICERS INDUSTRIAL
 VISITORS MANAGEMENT

6. FACILITIES  BANKS ,ATMS  BANKS ,ATMS  BANKS ,ATMS  BANKS ,ATMS

 TRANSPORT  TRANSPORT  TRANSPORT  TRANSPORT
 PARKING  PARKING  PARKING  PARKING
 CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY
 PUBLIC TOILETS  PUBLIC PUBLIC TOILETS PUBLIC TOILETS
 LAND BANKS TOILETS LAND BANKS LAND BANKS
 ADMINISTRATIVE  LAND BANKS ADMINISTRATIV ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES
OFFICES  ADMINISTRAT OFFICE SERVICES
 SERVICES IVE OFFICES SERVICES LANDSCAPE
 LANDSCAPE  SERVICES LANDSCAPE SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
 LANDSCAPE SUSTAINABLE RESIDENCES
 RESIDENCES PRACTICES


7. TYPOLOGY INDUSTRIAL – INDUTRIAL-G+1 INDUSTRIAL – INDUSTRIAL –GROUND LEVEL

GROUND LEVEL COMMERCIAL – MAX G+2 COMMERCIAL –G+3
COMMERCIAL – G+3 COMMERCIAL – RESIDENTIAL –G+ 2
G+3 G+5

8. ROOFING FLAT& PITCHED FLAT & ----------------------- FLAT ROOF

ROOFS PITCHED ROOF
9. MALLS ---------------- -------------- MALLS
AMENITIES AMPHE THEATRE AMPHE THEATRES
PARKS PARKS /GARDENS
RESTAURENT
PLAY AREA

10. NO .OF 1966 120 UNITS --------------------- 200 PLOTS

INDUSTRIES

11. ADMINISTRA YES YES --------------- WILL BE PROVIDED

TIVE
OFFICES

12. RESTAUREN YES ---------------- ----------------------- WILL BE PROVIDED

TS

13. MANUFACT 1000SQM 1300 SQM 900SQM 1000SQM

URING

14. TEXTILE ------------------------ ----------------- 500SQM 500SQM

INDUSTRY

15. WORKSHOPS 119 SQMTS(4 NO’S) 30 SQM ----------------- 92 SQM

16. COMMERCIA 123ACRES 2 ACRES -------------------- 20 ACRES

L INDUSTRY

17. TOILETS ARE PROVIDED NOT PROVIDED NEED TO BE • THE MINIMUM SIZE SHALL
PUBLIC PROVIDED BE 1500 X 1750 MM.
• MINIMUM CLEAR OPENING
OF THE DOOR SHALL BE 800
MM. AND THE DOOR SHALL
SWING OUT.
• THE W.C. SEAT SHALL BE
400MM. FROM THE FLOOR.

18. RESIDENTIA NO 3000SQM DEPENDS ON 20 ACRES

L AREA THE NO OF
PEOPLE

19.  SWIMMING NOT THERE NOT THERE NEEDED WILL BE ALLOTED IN

POOL ACCORDING TO RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
 INDOOR THE
SPORTS REQUIREMENTS
COMPLEX
 BASKETBA
LL COURT
 7 COURSE
 WHEELCH
AIR
RACING

20. PARKING 2 ACRES OUTSIDE NO PARKING 10-15% 0F OF  ACCORDING TO THE

FOR CARS GROUND COVER STANDARDS
4 ACRES FOR PARKING IS
BUSES REQUIRED

21. RAMPS YES YES REQUIRED  REQUIRED

22. STAIRS COMMERCIAL AND NO STAIRS IN NEEDED IN RESIDENTIAL AND

IN G+ 1 INDUSTRIAL STAIRS ARE COMMERCIAL AND IN G+ 1
INDUSTRIES DOGLEGGED IN BUILT INDUSTRIES
RESIDENTIAL ACCORDING TO  RISER –12 TO 15
WITH RISER -15 THE THE
BUILDING
TYPES

23. LIFTS YES NO PASSENGER AND  PASSENGER AND SERVICE

PASSENGER AND SERVICE LIFTS LIFTS
SERVICE LIFTS

24. SUSTAINAB STORM WATER STORM WATER THERE ARE SOLAR POWER
LE DRAIN DRAIN MANY STORM WATER DRAIN
PRACTICES SOLAR POWER SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION
PRACTICES TECHNIQUES
THAT CAN BE MORE VEGETATION
PRACTISED TO SUSTAINABLE ROAD DESIGN
REDUCE
POLLUTION

25. FIRE SAFETY NO NO VERY WILL BE ADOPTED

ESSENTIAL

26. LANDSCAPE YES BUT IN LESS YES BUT IN NEED 33% OF WILL BE PROVIDED
QUANTITY LESS SITE AREA ACCORDING TO STANDARDS
QUANTITY

27. DISABLED NO NO REQUIRED WILL BE PROVIDED

PROVISIONS
 4 SITE ANALYSIS-

4.1 SITE JUSTIFICATION-

The site is having a good accessibility and is located in a prime location and situated in
industrial zone of amaravati ,
As the site is a agricultural land before conversion It is unfit for highrised building so industrial
park can be good option as there will be only 2 floors maximum in a industry
As the site is not curvilinear it is suitable for grid pattern of roads and services and can serve the
industrial function
As the new capital will get rapidly deveopled the infrastructure around the site will be very
convenient for transport

4.2 SITE LOCATION-

CAPITAL CITY AMARAVATI
LOCATION
amaravati is the capital city of andhra pradesh
it is located on the banks of river krishna in palnadu district
area of city : 217sqkm

4.3 SCALE OF THE PROJECT-

The scale of the project big
The area of the site is 185 acres
The project consists industries ,commercial offices , residential area and recreational spaces

4.4 SITE APPROACH :

The site is has adjancent road access which is connected to the amaravati main road and to mangalgiri high way
There is only one road access at present to the site

4.5 SITE CONTEXT

SITE COORDINATES :
ELEVATION : 31M ABOVE SEA LEVEL
SOIL TYPE : BLACK COTTON SOIL ( THIS TYPE SOIL IS LOOSE AND DOES NOT BIND )
VERY FERTILE SOIL USED FOR AGRICULTURE
SESIMIC ZONE : 3 ( MODERATE TYPE OF EFFECT DUE TO EARTH QUAKE )
HIGH RISE BUIDING CAUSES ADVERSE EFFECTS
CONTOUR S :
 SESIMIC ZONE : THE site is in 3rd seismic zone
according to a seismologist, in the amaravathi region, earthquake of magnitude 5 to 5.5 o 
it is safe when the constructions and structures are built according to the government rules and
guidelines

ACCESSIBILITY

GANNAVARAM AIPORT

MANGALGIRI RAILWAY STATION

MANGALGIRI BUS STATION

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS

PETROL BUNK

HOSPITAL

WATER BODY

INSTITUTIONS

4.6 SITE DESCRIPTION :

CITY HISTORY
amaravati formerly known as ''dhānyakatakam'' is an important city to the cultural
heritage and history of andhra pradesh.
its history dates back to 2nd century bce when it was the capital of the satavahana dynastyof the
(andhras)
the city was also once a holy site of mahayana buddhism.
the city used to have a large buddhist stupa known as mahachaitya (also known as amaravati stupa)

SITE HISTORY

The site is an agricultural land until 2016

In 2016 after the announcement of capital the land is aquisized by the government for the industrial
development
after the conversion of land through NALA act the land is converted to industrial area

ZONING OF AMARAVATI
AMARAVATI ZONES ARE DEFINED AS
COMMERCIAL ZONE - BLACK
RESIDENTIAL ZONE - BLUE
PARKS AND OPEN SPACES ZONE
INFRASTRUCTURE RESERVE _ WHITE
INSTITUTIONAL ZONE - RED
INDUSTRIAL ZONE - VIOLET
LANDSCAPE - GREEN
WATER BODY -WATER BODY
 AMARAVATI ZONNING MAP

4.6 CLIMATIC DATA

CHANDIGARGH
CLIMATE : TROPICAL CLIMATE
AVERAGE TEMPRATURE : MAX
MIN
AVERAG PRECIPITATION : MAX
MIN
AVERAGE HUMIDITY : MAX
MIN
 monsoon winds are more towards Highest rainfall in august
Highest temperature is recorded in southeast (186MM)
May ( 40degrees ) monsoon winds are less towards Lowest rainfall in nov &
Lowest temperature is recorded in northwest october (6.9MM)
January (29 degrees )

FLORA AND FAUNA

flora that grow in amaravati region
philodendrons
mangifera indica
azadirachta indica
ocimum tenuiflorum
phyllanthus emblica Ficus religiosa Azardirachta indica
ficus religiosa
tinospora cordifolia ,etc

LOCALLY AVAILABLE BUILDING MATERIALS

GRAVEL
SAND
WOOD
GRANITE
MARBLE

4.7 SWOT ANALYSIS :

STRENGTH : The site has a good acoustics and climatic conditions and access to transport facilities like railway
station ,airport , bus station ,highway
WEAKNESS : As the site is an agricultural land ,highrise buildings are to prevented ,if built it need more maintance
and there are no roads connected to site

OPPURTUNITY : location of the site is a very good opportunity ,as it is a developing capitalcity ,the site is located at
centre to the two big cities they are Vijayawada and Guntur

THREAT : The site has threat of earthquakes if the region changes from zone 3 to 4 as it is a rapid developing city and
has already once changed from 2 to 3rd zone in seismic zoning
 DESIGN PROJECT BRIEF

NAME OF PROJECT : DHRUVNIRMANA

INDUSTRIAL PARK

DIVIDED INTO THREE SECTORS

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

COMMERCIAL SECTOR

4.8 ZONING-

Site, zoning means a parcel of landwith frontageon a street, laneor right-of-wayand of at least sufficientsizeto
providethe minimum requirements for use, area, requiredyards. A zoningsite can includemore than one holdingto
allowthe constructionof a structureover boundarieswithout the needfor variations
 SITE ZONNING MAP

4.9 BIBILOGRAPHY-

AmaravatiZoningPlan.pdf (ap.gov.in)

Landscaping for Industrial Buildings and Warehouses (levelgreenlandscaping.com)

11 Important Government Regulations on Business You Must Know (fundera.com)

african-rammed-earth-harmonised-standard-en.pdf (rammedearthconsulting.com)

Simulated historical climate & weather data for Bengaluru - meteoblue

(PDF) Production Layout Optimization for Small and Medium Scale Food Industry
(researchgate.net)

Landscape Designing : Introduction (iasri.res.in)

Hamsa's House / Biome Environmental Solutions | ArchDaily

Literature study on Industrial Ecology (core.ac.uk)

industrial-area (chandigarh.gov.in)

Microsoft Word - 20150626_Planning of Sustainable and Environment-frienldy Industrial Parks

(urban-industrial.in)

Contour Map Creator (urgr8.ch)

Rammed earth - Wikipedia

F - File.pmd (gndec.ac.in)

https://www.bing.com/search?q=landscape+in+design++rules&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-
1&pq=landscape+in+design+rule&sc=3-24&sk=&cvid=992B119C69404E4

MOA-and-AOA.pdf (apiic.in)

Sustainable Development Goals | United Nations Development Programme (undp.org)

Industrial Waste: Types, Causes, Effects & Prevention - Embibe

Industrial Waste - Introduction, Types, Effects and Management (vedantu.com)

Biodegradable Waste & Non-Biodegradable Waste | Definition, Differences (toppr.com)

Biodegradable Waste - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

What is Non-Biodegradable Waste: Define, advantages and disadvantages (okcredit.in)