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18EC45 - Signals and Systems
18EC45 - Signals and Systems
Lecture Notes on
Signals AND SYSTEMS (18EC45)
Prepared by
Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Belawadi, Sriranga Pattana Taluk, Mandya – 571 477
Vision/ ಆಶಯ
“To be recognized as a premier technical and management institution promoting extensive
education fostering research, innovation and entrepreneurial attitude"
ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ, ಆವಿಷ್ಕಾ ರ ಹಾಗೂ ಉದ್ಯ ಮಶೋಲತೆಯನ್ನು ಉತೆತ ೋಜಿಸುವ ಅಗ್ರ ಮಾನ್ಯ ತಾಂತ್ರರ ಕ ಮತ್ತತ ಆಡಳಿತ
ವಿಜ್ಞಾ ನ್ ಶಕ್ಷಣ ಕಾಂದ್ರ ವಾಗಿ ಗುರುತ್ರಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳು ವುದು.
Mission/ ಧ್ಯ ೇಯ
To empower students with indispensable knowledge through dedicated teaching and
collaborative learning.
ಸಮರ್ಪಣಾ ಮನೋಭಾವದ್ ಬೋಧನೆ ಹಾಗೂ ಸಹಭಾಗಿತವ ದ್ ಕಲಿಕಾಕರ ಮಗ್ಳಿಾಂದ್ ವಿದ್ಯಯ ರ್ಥಪಗ್ಳನ್ನು
ಅತಯ ತಾ ೃಷ್ಟ ಜ್ಞಾ ನ್ಸಂರ್ನ್ು ರಾಗಿಸುವುದು.
To advance extensive research in science, engineering and management disciplines.
ವೈಜ್ಞಾ ನಿಕ, ತಾಂತ್ರರ ಕ ಹಾಗೂ ಆಡಳಿತ ವಿಜ್ಞಾ ನ್ ವಿಭಾಗ್ಗ್ಳಲಿಿ ವಿಸತ ೃತ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಗ್ಳೊಡನೆ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ
ಹಾಂದುವುದು.
ii
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
“To be recognized by the society at large as offering value based quality education to groom the
next generation entrepreneurs, leaders and researchers in the field of electronics and
communication to meet the challenges at global level”.
iii
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Program Outcomes
iv
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Course Overview
The course on “Signals and Systems” is fundamental to the study of many fields that constitute
the ever-expanding discipline of electrical engineering. The topic also forms an integral part of
engineering systems in many diverse areas, including seismic data processing, communications,
speech processing, image processing, defence electronics, consumer electronics, and consumer
products. The course provides the necessary background needed for
understanding analog and digital signal processing, automatic control, analog and digital
communications, and probability and random processes. The signals and systems are studied in
two domains: Time and Frequency.
The course presents and integrates the basic concepts for both continuous-time and discrete-time
signals and systems. It addresses the following topics: classifications of signals and systems, basic
signal operations, linear time invariant (LTI)systems, time-domain analysis of LTI systems, signal
representation using Fourier series, continuous time Fourier transform, discrete-time Fourier
transform and Laplace transform.
The course objective is to make the students of Electronics and communication engineering to
understand the basic concepts for continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems, linear
time-invariant systems and their characterization using impulse response, Fourier series for the
analysis and representation of periodic continuous time signals, Fourier series and its infinite sum,
discrete-time Fourier transform and its properties and Laplace transform and concepts such as the
region of convergence. Students will be able to compute the output of a continuous-time or
discrete-time linear time-invariant system using convolution in the integral or sum form and obtain
the continuous-time Fourier transform from the Fourier series.
Prerequisite: Engineering Mathematics
Course Objectives
This course will enable students to:
1. Understand the mathematical description of continuous and discrete time signals and
systems.
2. Analyze the signals in time domain using convolution difference/differential equations
Classify signals into different categories based on their properties.
3. Analyze Linear Time Invariant (LTI) systems in time and transform domains.
4. Build basics for understanding of courses such as signal processing, control system and
communication.
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Course Outcomes
CO’s DESCRIPTION OF THE OUTCOMES
18EC45.1 Apply the basics of signals and systems to perform mathematical operations on
Continuous and Discrete Time signals.
Apply the convolution operator and its properties to characterize the LTI system
18EC45.2
for Continuous and Discrete signals.
Apply the frequency domain properties to reduce the system complexity and to
18EC45.3
determine the system response.
Analyze the Characteristics and properties of Linear Time Invariant (LTI)
18EC45.4
system in Time domain.
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Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Syllabus
Subject: Signals and Systems Subject Code: 18EC45
RBT
Module – 1
Level
Introduction and Classification of signals: Definition of signal and systems,
communication and control systems as examples. Sampling of analog signals,
Continuous time and discrete time signal, Classification of signals as even, odd, periodic
and non-periodic, deterministic and non-deterministic, energy and power. Elementary
L1,
signals/Functions: Exponential, sine, impulse, step and its properties, ramp,
L2,
rectangular, triangular, signum, sync functions. Operations on signals: Amplitude scaling,
L3
addition, multiplication, differentiation, integration (Accumulator for DT), time scaling,
time shifting and time folding. Systems: Definition, Classification: linear and non-linear,
time variant and invariant, causal and non- causal, static and dynamic, stable and
unstable, invertible
Module – 2
Time domain representation of LTI System: System modeling: Input-output
relation, definition of impulse response, convolution sum, convolution integral, L1,
computation of convolution integral and convolution sum using graphical method for L2,
unit step to unit step, unit step to exponential, exponential to exponential, unit step to L3
rectangular and rectangular to rectangular only. Properties of convolution.
Module -3
System interconnection, system properties in terms of impulse response, step response
L1,
in terms of impulse response. Fourier Representation of Periodic Signals:
Introduction to CTFS and DTFS, definition, properties (No derivation) and basic L2,
problems (inverse Fourier series is excluded) L3
Module -4
Fourier Representation of aperiodic Signals: FT representation of aperiodic CT
signals - FT, definition, FT of standard CT signals, Properties and their significance. FT L1,
representation of aperiodic discrete signals-DTFT, definition, DTFT of standard L2,
discrete signals, Properties and their significance. Impulse sampling and L3
reconstruction: Sampling theorem (only statement) and reconstruction of signals
Module -5
Z-Transforms: Introduction, the Z-transform, properties of the Region of L1,
convergence, Properties of the Z-Transform, Inversion of the Z-Transform, Transform L2,
analysis of LTI systems. L3
Text Books:
Simon Haykins and Barry Van Veen, ―Signals and Systems‖, 2nd Edition, 2008, WileyIndia.
ISBN 9971-51-239-4.
Reference Books:
1. Michael Roberts, ―Fundamentals of Signals & Systems‖, 2nd edition, Tata McGraw-Hill,
2010, ISBN 978-0-07070221-9.
2. Alan V Oppenheim, Alan S, Willsky and A Hamid Nawab, ―Signals and Systems‖
Pearson Education Asia / PHI, 2nd edition, 1997. Indian Reprint 2002.
3. H. P Hsu, R. Ranjan, ―Signals and Systems‖, Scham„s outlines, TMH, 2006.
4. B. P. Lathi, ―Linear Systems and Signals‖, Oxford University Press, 2005.
5. Ganesh Rao and Satish Tunga, ―Signals and Systems‖, Pearson/Sanguine Technical
Publishers, 2004.
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Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Index
Subject: Signals and Systems Subject Code: 18EC45
3. Program Outcomes iv
4. Course Overview v
5. Syllabus vii
viii
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SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS | MODULE 1- INTRODUCTION 18EC 45
Module – 1
Introduction and Classification of signals:
Module – 2
Properties of LTI system
Convolution Sum
Convolution Integral
Module – 3
LTI system Properties in terms of Impulse response& Fourier series
Module – 4:
DTFT [Aperiodic signals] and Properties of Fourier Transform
Module – 5
Z-Transforms
Properties and problems on ROC
Inverse Z-Transform