Experiment No.

9
 Title

Determination of head loss and Reynolds Number of flow in pipe for Turbulent Regimen.

Apparatus:
 Energy Losses in Pipe Equipment,
 Hydraulic Bench,
 Supply of water
 Electricity.

Energy loss in pipe apparatus.

Theory:
Energy Losses
Energy loss in pipes due to friction.
When a fluid travels in a pipe energy is dissipated by friction.
The amount of energy lost depends on a number of factors such as the
fluid's speed and viscosity.
If the flow is turbulent, it can even depend on the roughness of the
pipe walls.
 Turbulent flow
In this type of flow each of the fluid particles do not have
the definite path and path of the particles cross each other.

Reynolds number
Ratio of inertial force to viscous force. Reynolds
number are dimension less numbers.

ρvD
ℜ=
μ

ℜ< 2300 Laminar flow

ℜ> 4000 Turbulent flow
2300< ℜ< 4000 Transition flow

Procedure:
 First of all I supplied electricity to hydraulic bench and note the flow rate which
was 1.6x10−5 .
 After this I noted the value of P1 and P2 from apparatus which was 0.95bar and
0.75bar respectively.
 Then calculate the value of velocity and head loss which was 1.28m/s and
2.034m respectively.
 Then I calculate the value of Reynolds number which was 4654.54 and flow is
turbulent.
 Like this I performed the experiment 5times.
Results and Discussion:
Diameter of Pipe , D=4 mm
Length of Pipe , L=500 mm

VD
ℜ= ν=1.1 m m2 / s
ν

Sr. Flow Rate Velocity Pressure Head Pressure Head Reynolds

No Q (m3/s) V (m/s) P1 (Pa) h1 (m) P2 (Pa) Loss Number
(h1 – Re
h2 )
1 1.28 0.95x10^5 9.68 2.03 4654.5
−5 5
1.6 x 10 0.75 x 10
2 2.64 1.2x10^5 12.2 2.04 9600
−5 5
3.3 x 10 1 x 10

Conclusion:
In this experiment we calculate the head loss and Reynolds number which depends
upon the pressure and velocity of flowing fluid.
With the help of Reynolds number, we find the flow of fluid which was turbulent flow.

Comments:
1. We Should Place Apparatus is Smooth Surface
2. If we use Digital Pressure Gauge Then we get answer more accurate

Reference:
 Bird, R. Byron; Stewart, Warren E.; Lightfoot, Edwin N. (2006). Transport Phenomena. John Wiley &
Sons.  ISBN  978-0-470-11539-8.
 Dusenbery, David B. (2009).  Living at Micro Scale. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University
Press. ISBN 9780674031166