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Creative Commons “Attribution – Partage dans les mêmes conditions

4.0 International”. https://www.immae.eu/cours/

! "

• # $
&π
! → % = '!
+∞
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= −∞
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, % .

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0 = $ '
=& "$ % '
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+∞ +∞
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, = = * + +
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, 4 5

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, = − + + '''
π &
7 &6

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ω
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0

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−
∈ %
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−
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&
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, , / /
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, /
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−
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π = −

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&
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&π

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δ, − = − *

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−∞

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−
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= *

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&π −∞

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→ δ, −
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* − *

+∞ +∞
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= − , *−

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*
−∞ −∞

+∞
δ, − = − , − *

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*
−∞

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→ % * → *
=
,
/ C;C δ, − * =
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+ *

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= &π
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&

6
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•
+∞
∪F , = δ, − ' , ∪F G H% B
= −∞

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+∞ +∞ +∞
∪=F , = −
δ, − = −

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= −∞ &π = −∞
+∞
& π' '
∪F , =
= −∞

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%∪ = ∪F ,
&π &π
A &π

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,

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& ?π =
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→ , % % = ' ' , % %
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= +∞ +∞ − +∞ −
−
, % % = ' ' ' , % %
, &π 1A & −∞ −∞ −∞

−, + +
= , % %
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=, % % % =, % %
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,
,&π 1A &

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= =
, % % % → , % % %ω % , % → , %ω '

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 =
, %ω = 1
' " ,− , ⋅ − ω ' , %
?π &

, "
=
, % = 1
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?π &

% & → = ⊗ &
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−∞ − ∞
+∞ +∞
= , & , − = , − & ,
−∞ −∞

2 L
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$ (4 " '
, / '

! % , = ,
%

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0 " , G H $
"% % &, − *
"

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+∞
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8
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∪F ⊗π

−& &

+ ∞ +∞ − +∞
−
∪F ⊗π = δ, − ×π = π
−∞
= −∞ = −∞

, >

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+∞
, ⊗δ , = , δ, − = ,
−∞

• , ⊗ &= &π ' , × , &

= ⊗ &
= +∞ +∞ +∞
, = −
, , / δ, − − / /
&π
&
−∞ −∞ −∞

+∞
= / , , / −
δ, − − /
&π
&
−∞
− , + /

+∞ +∞
− −
= ' , /' /
, /
&π −∞ −∞

• N O % , × = , ⊗ ,
&π
& &

>

= × & %
= &π
, = , * % , = ,δ , − * −δ , + *
&
=
, =π % , =
&π
& &
&
= = &π , −
% , = ⊗ = *
− '''
&π &π &π
&
& &

7
 ,

'
, { % ∈ } - = ,

, = , × ∪F

& > ω* '

• !
=F ω &π
= ,ω = &π = ,ω ⊗ ∪ &π
,Ω =
Ω
C = ,ω
ω* − ω*
= ω* = , +
&
= ,ω = &π ,δ ,ω − ω* + δ ,ω + ω*
&
= ,ω

− ω* ω* ω

C =F ω &π =
∪ ∪F
ω
Ω &π Ω
= ,ω = &π ω
C ,δ ,ω − ω* + δ ,ω + ω* ⊗ ∪F
& Ω
= ,ω

− ω* ω * ω
Ω − ω* Ω + ω*

*
 • D
ϕ
C C( ,ω =

−ω ω ω
ϕ

C !
: ω ω * < ω < Ω − ω*
= ,ω

− ω* ω * ω
−ω ω
: ω* < Ω − ω* % / C;C '

1 (
=,ω

ω ω ω

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= ,ω

Ω ω

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: ω < ω < Ω −ω % Ω > &ω '
• # $ !
#
Ω > &ω -ω 4
'

τ
• , = ''' × π
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