TUGAS RANGKUMAN

Nama : Husnani Rachmawati

NIM : 12221028

Tanggal Penyerahan : 2 Februari 2023

Dosen : Prof. Ir. Pudji Permadi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Pahala Dominicus Sinurat, S.T, M.Sc., Ph.D.
Ivan Kurnia, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.

TUGAS PETROFISIKA PRAKTIKUM

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

2023
A. Deskripsi Ukuran Butiran Berdasarkan Analisis Core
Table 1.1 The result of grain distribution of the sands samples

Fig. 1.1 Particle size distribution curves for the sand samples
From fig. 1.1, it can be observe that the entire sample are uniformly granted.
The percentage of medium sand is between 35.02 and 36.92 in Okitipupa while its
coarse sand have the highest percentage range between 56.50% and 59.44%. Sands
from Igbokoda are of high percentage of medium sand and no gravel, while its fine
sand ranges from 4.98% to 5.79% as shown in the Table 1.1. The percentage medium
sand of the Owena sand is between 38.20% and 47.01% while its coarse percentage
ranges from 44.36% to 46%. Akure sand have the highest percentage of gravel and
lowest percentage of fine sand. Generally, it is clear from Fig. 4, that the grain size
distribution of the Igbokoda sand is very closely related to that of the Ottawa sand.
 The porosity from hight to low compared to Ottawa are IGKS, OWNS, AKRS, and
OKPS. (Oluwapelumi O. Ojuri and David O. Fijabi, 2012)
B. Jenis-Jenis Perangkap Hidrokarbon
Hidrocarbon traps depending by the origin : (Djebbar Tiab, Erle C. Donaldson, 2016)
1. Structural traps, formed by tectonic processes on sedimentary beds after their
deposition. They may generally be considered as distinct as: (a) fold traps formed
by compression or compaction anticlines, (b) fault traps by displacement of
blocks of rucks due to unequal tectonic pressure, and (3) diapiric traps by
intrusion of salt or mud diapirs.

Fig. 2.1 Elementary traps in sectional view. (a) Stratigraphic pinchout trap (b) trap
sealed by the salt dome (c) trap formed by a normal fault (d) domal trap
2. Stratigraphic traps, produced by facies changes around the porous, permeable,
formation such as pinchouts and lenticular sand bodies surrounded by
impermeable shales. Stratigraphic traps may develop from off shore bars, reef, and
river chanel. The processes of formation are more complex than those structural
traps because they involve changes of the depositional environment that lead to
the isolated of permeable zones by different lithologies. Distictions are made
between those that are associated with unconformities and those that are not.
Trap indicators are grouped as follows : (James W. Amyx, Deniel M.Bass, Jr., Robert
L. Whiting, 1988)
1. Convex trap reservoirs, which are completely surrounded by edge water, as the
porosity extends in all directions beyond the reservoir areas. The reservoir
peripheries are therefore defined by uninterrupted edge water limits. The trap is
due to convexity alone.
 Fig. 2.2 Elementary traps in sectional view. (a) Simple convex trap (by folding);
(b) Simple convex trap (by differential thickness)
2. Permeability trap reservoirs, with a periphery partly by edge water and partly by
the barrier resulting from the loss of permeability in the reservoir layer. In the
extreme case, the reservoir may be entirely surrounded by such a permeability
barrier.

Fig. 2.3 Elementary traps in sectional view. (c) Permeability trap

3. Pinchout trap reservoirs, with the periphery partly defined by edge water and
partly by the margin due to the pinchout of the reservoir bed.

Fig. 2.4 Elementary traps in sectional view. (d) Pinchout trap

4. Fault trap reservoir, with the periphery partly defined by edge water and partly by
a fault trap.

Fig. 2.5 Elementary traps in sectional view. (e) Fault trap

5. Piercement trap reservoirs, with the periphery partly defined by edge water and
partly by piercement contact.

Fig. 2.6 Elementary traps in sectional view. (f) Piercement trap

 REFERENSI

Djebbar Tiab, Erle C. Donaldson. (2016). Petrophysics Theory and Practice of Measuring Reservoir
Rock and Fluid Transport Properties. Waltham: Elsevier Inc.

James W. Amyx, Deniel M.Bass, Jr., Robert L. Whiting. (1988). Petroleum Reservoir Engineering
Physical Properties. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Oluwapelumi O. Ojuri and David O. Fijabi. (2012). Standart San for Geotechnical Engineering
Geoenvironmental Research in Nigeria : Igbokoda Sand. Advances in Environmental
Reasearch, 305-321.