Quarter Second

GRADE 9 Learning area Science

Teaching date and time Week 8 Day 3 - 4

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards The learners demonstrate an understanding of…
the type of bonds that carbon forms that result in the diversity of carbon compounds
B. Performance Standards The learners shall be able to:
analyze the percentage composition of different brands of two food products and decide on the products’
appropriate percentage composition.
C. Learning The learners should be able to:
Competencies/Objectives
Recognize the general classes and uses of organic compounds. ( S9MT-IIh18)
Write LC Code for each
At the end of the session, the learners are expected to:
Describe hydrocarbons;
Identify the types of bonds formed in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes; and
Illustrate the structural formula of specified hydrocarbons.
II. CONTENT TOPIC/TITLE: The Hydrocarbons
III.LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pp. 134-137
 2. Learner’s Material pp.160-162
3. Textbook -
4. Additional Materials
from Learning Resource
(LR) portal
B. Other Learning Curriculum guide, Learner’s Material in Science 9, Teacher’s Guide in Science 9
Resources
http://youtu.be/1UE3hZ7cOP0
Ball and stick model, Manila Paper, Powerpoint Presentation, Periodic table of Elements
IV. PROCEDURES (ANNOTATIONS)
PPS Indicators/KRA
Objectives/Rubric Indicators to be
Observed
A. Reviewing previous ELICIT
lesson or presenting the
 Teacher will review student’s background in covalent bonding for them INDICATOR 1
new lesson
to be able to complete the task in this topic.
Applies knowledge of content
 Teacher will ask the following questions: within and across curriculum
teaching areas.
 How do atoms by non-metal elements form their compounds?
MOV: The teacher incorporates
Ans. By bonding through sharing of electrons with other elements or
past lesson within the curriculum
with the same elements.
teaching area to activate students’
 What type of bonds do non-metals form in prior knowledge.

compounds? Ans. Single bond, double bond, and triple

bond

 What type of Bonds is bonding through sharing of

electrons with other elements?

Ans. Covalent Bond

B. Establishing the purpose ENGAGE
for the lesson.  The teacher will group the class into five. Each group will perform the INDICATOR 6
activity for five minutes.
Establish a learner-centered
Task 1: Reveal the Word culture by using teaching
strategies that respond to learners’
Direction: Read the definition of the following terms. Reveal the answer by
linguistic, cultural, socioeconomic
arranging the scrambled word.
and religious backgrounds.
1. ROCARHYDBONS - are organic compounds that contain carbon
MOV: The teacher will let
and hydrogen atoms only
students develop their skills in
2. SCTALRURUT FORUALM - a formula for a molecular compound vocabulary.
that indicates the atoms present and the bonding sequence of the
atoms. Ans. STRUCTURAL FORMULA
3. NESEDNDCO FORUALM - a formula for a molecular compound
that indicates the bonding sequence without showing all the bonds.
Ans. CONDENSED FORMULA
4. ILNGIBO OITNP - the temperature at which a liquid evaporates or
becomes vapor.
Ans. BOILING POINT

C. Presenting  Teacher will present the lesson briefly. INDICATOR 1

examples/instances of the  Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain carbon and
Applies knowledge of content
new lesson. hydrogen atoms only. Hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane
within and across curriculum
and butane are components of natural gas. Hydrocarbons are
teaching areas.
grouped into families namely, alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. The
compounds in each group have certain structures that make their MOV: The teacher introduces the
properties different from the other. basic concepts needed in the
 Teacher will clearly discuss the meaning of the terms from the task # 1. lesson.
The meanings of these terms are very important because the students will
be drawing the trends about these properties from the given tables of
information in the learning module.
 Structural formula is a formula for a molecular compound that
indicates the atoms present and the bonding sequence of the
atoms. The covalent bonds between atoms are conveyed as lines
connecting the symbols of the bonded atoms. This formula gives
a
clear illustration about the structure of a compound.
  Condensed Formula is a formula for a molecular compound that
indicates the bonding sequence without showing all the bonds. It
should be clear that the carbon atoms are bonded together in
sequence, and each carbon is bonded to the hydrogen atoms next
to the formula.
 Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid evaporates or
becomes vapor.
D. Discussing new EXPLORE
concepts and practicing
 Teacher will distribute activity sheets to every group. Before starting the INDICATOR 3
new
skills activity, teacher should give clear instructions about what they are going
to do exactly in the activity. Teacher will explain to them the objectives
Display proficient use of Mother
#1 of the task and make clarifications on some questions they are likely to
Tongue, Filipino and English to
get confused with, without leading them to the exact answers.
facilitate teaching and learning.
 Teacher will give rubric to the class and encourage participation and
cooperation from every members of the group. MOV: During the activity proper,
students are free to use any
Activity 1: The Hydrocarbons language they are comfortable
Objectives: with.

alkynes and their uses.

INDICATOR 4
Establish safe and secure learning
environments to enhance learning
Materials: bond paper & pen, manila paper & marker through the consistent
implementation of policies,
Procedure guidelines and procedures.
1) With your groupmates, use the data in Tables 1 to 3 to answer the MOV: The teacher always
questions in this activity. presents first the implementing
policies, direction and procedures
 for them to be guided.

INDICATOR 5
Table 1. Alkanes
Maintain supportive learning
environments that nurture and
inspire learners to participate,
cooperative and collaborate in
continued learning.
MOV: The students are exposed
to group activity which
encourages them to work with
their teams and develop
cooperative learning.
Guide Questions:
Q1. What are the types of bonds present in the following: alkanes, alkenes,
and alkynes?
Ans. Compounds in the alkanes group only have single bonds between carbon atoms.
Alkenes have at least one double bond between carbon atoms in the compounds. Alkynes
have at least one triple bond between carbon atoms in the compounds.

Q2. Using Tables 1 to 3, what pattern do you observe in terms of the phase,
number of carbon atoms, structure and boiling point of the alkanes, alkenes,
and alkynes? Explain the patterns you observe.
Ans. The physical state of the alkanes from methane to butane is gas, and from pentane to
octane: liquid. The reason for this is related to the structure of the compounds. If the
molecule of the compound is small it interacts less with each other. Just like methane, it is
likely to be a gaseous compound. When the molecules become bigger in size or structure,
they can closely interact with each other and they will become more likely to be liquid just
like in the case of octane. Octane molecule has a very long chained structure that makes it
too heavy to be a
gaseous compound. The trend in the phase of the compounds is also the same with the alkenes
and the alkynes. The phase of the alkenes and alkynes is a gas when the molecules is small
and becomes liquid as the molecules become bigger. The trend in the structures of the
compounds in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes is the same. The size of the structures of the
compounds is increasing because the compounds become bigger or longer.

Q3. What do you think will be the boiling point of the next alkane, alkene,
and alkyne? Will the boiling point of each hydrocarbon be higher or lower?
Explain your answer.
Ans. The trend in the boiling point of the compounds in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes is also
in an increasing pattern. This is because of their structures. As the structures of the
compounds become bigger, they also interact more with each other. Bigger molecules that
interact with each other more strongly require higher temperature to evaporate. That is why
they have a higher boiling point.

Q4. Why do you think some hydrocarbons are gases and others are liquids?
Ans. The reason why there are hydrocarbons that are gases and liquids is because of the
structure or the size of the molecules of the compounds. When the molecules are small, they
tend to interact less among each other. Smaller molecules are usually gases. And when
molecules have bigger structures, they interact more with each other. Thus, bigger
molecules then tend to settle in liquid state.

Q5. Why do you think there are many hydrocarbon compounds?

Ans. The reason for so many hydrocarbon compounds is the carbon atom. Carbon atoms
have four valence electrons. This atomic structure of the carbon makes it possible to form
many types of bonds with other elements and with other carbon atoms. The formation of
these bonds results in many different hydrocarbons.

Q6. What hydrocarbon compounds are gases and liquids? What are the uses
of gaseous hydrocarbon compounds and liquid hydrocarbon compounds?
Ans. Common examples of gaseous hydrocarbon compounds are methane, butane, propene,
and ethyne (acetylene). Methane gas is the most common hydrocarbon. It is used as fuel for
cigarette lighters and LPG. It is also mixed with other fuel for vehicles. Butane gas is used
as fuel, blended with other hydrocarbons to produce liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and is
also used as fuel cigarette lighter. The color of the flame when butane is used in cigarette
lighter is blue. Ethyne gas or commonly known as acetylene is used commonly in flame
torch that is
used in welding of iron, and it is also used for hastening the ripening of fruits. Examples of
 common liquid hydrocarbons are octane and pentene. Octane and pentene are used as
components of gasoline.

E. Discussing new concepts
and practicing new skills
#2
 To understand better about the structure of hydrocarbons, let the
learners to create a model using the improvised hydrocarbons model.
 The teacher will distribute the materials to every group. If there is no
available “Ball and stick model” in the laboratory, teacher will use
other materials found in the locality. (e.g. straw & styroball/clay)
 Before the learners will do the task, the teacher will show one
example to the class.
Ex:
Ethene = CH2=CH2 =

Task 2: Look-A-Like
Direction: Given the following names and condensed structural formula of
different hydrocarbons, make a 3D model from the materials provided by the
teacher.
1. Methane = CH4
2. Propene = CH2=CHCH3
3. Ethyne = C2H2

F. Developing mastery EXPLAIN

(Leads to formative  After the activity, each group will post their output in the board. A INDICATOR 7
assessment.) representative from every group will present their answers to the
Use strategies for providing
activity. Note: Encourage other members of the group to present aside
timely, accurate and constructive
from their leader & secretary.
feedback to improve learner
  When the group is done with its presentation, teacher will clarify or performance.
correct some answers regarding the trends of the properties of the
MOV: The teacher gives
compounds in the tables of data.
constructive feedback and correct
misconceptions of the learners.
G. Finding practical ELABORATE
applications of the concepts
 Teacher will show to the class a video clip entitled “Hydrocarbons” by INDICATOR 2
and skills in daily living.
It’s Aumsum Time. Video link: http://youtu.be/1UE3hZ7cOP0
Ensure the positive use of ICT to
 After the video presentation, teacher will ask the following to the students:
facilitate the teaching and
1. What are hydrocarbons?
learning process
Ans. Compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon
2. What are the two types of hydrocarbons? MOV: The teacher uses online
Ans. Saturated hydrocarbons and Unsaturated hydrocarbons source for the video presented.
3. Differentiate saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated
hydrocarbons.
Ans. Saturated hydrocarbons are also called Alkanes in which the
carbon atoms are connected by single bonds only. Meanwhile,
carbon in unsaturated hydrocarbons are connected by double or
triple bonds.
4. What hydrocarbon that is connected by at least one double bond?
Triple bond?
Ans. Double bond-Alkenes, Triple bond- Alkynes

H. Making generalizations  Teacher will discuss with the class the information about the common INDICATOR 1
and abstractions about the groups of hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Use the
Applies knowledge of content
lesson. information below.
within and across curriculum
 Alkanes are hydrocarbon compounds that only have single bonds in teaching areas.
the compounds. Alkanes are also known as saturated hydrocarbons
MOV: The teacher discusses the
because additional hydrogen atoms can no longer bond in the
key points of the topic.
compound. The first alkane is methane, CH4, and the second member
is ethane,
CH3CH3, which are common alkane compounds. The name of the
 compounds in this group all end with -ane.
 Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have one or more carbon-carbon
double bonds in their structures. The name of alkene compounds end
in –ene. The simplest alkenes are ethene, CH2CH2, and propene,
CH2CHCH3.
 Alkynes contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The most
common alkyne compound is ethyne or acetylene.
I. Evaluate Learning EVALUATE
Direction: Read the questions carefully and choose the correct answer. (1 point INDICATOR 7
each)
Use strategies for providing
1. Which of the following describes hydrocarbons? timely, accurate and constructive
a. Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds that contain carbon and feedback to improve learner
hydrogen atoms only. performance.
b. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain carbon and
MOV: The students are evaluated
hydrogen atoms only.
accurately through objective type
c. Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds that contain carbon atoms
only. of test.
d. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain carbon atoms
only.
2. What type of bond/s formed in alkanes?
a. Single bond c. Triple bond
b. Double bond d. None of the above
3. What type of bond/s formed in alkenes?
a. Single bond c. Triple bond
b. Double bond d. None of the above
4. What type of bond/s formed in alkynes?
a. Single bond c. Triple bond
b. Double bond d. None of the above
5. What is the correct structural formula of Methane?
a. c.
H

H – C –H H C C H
H
 b. H H d. H H
C C H H C C H
H H H

J. Additional activities for EXTEND

application or remediation.
 The teacher will give an additional task to the learners to practice INDICATOR 7
what they have learned from the lesson.
Use strategies for providing
 Write a structural formula of hydrocarbons. Select two examples
timely, accurate and
from each types.
constructive feedback to
improve learner performance
MOV: The teacher gives further
activity for the students to give
feedback for himself as well.
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who
earned 80% on the
formative assessment.
B. No. of learners who
require additional activities
for remediation.
C. Did the remedial lessons
work? No. of learners who
have caught up with lesson.
D. No. of learners who
continue to require
remediation.
E. Which of my teaching
strategies worked well?
Why did these work?
F. What difficulties did I
encounter which my
principal or supervisor can
help me solve?
G. What innovation or
localized materials did I
use/discover which I wish
to share to other teachers?
Attachments:

Activity 3: The Hydrocarbons

Objectives:

alkenes, and alkynes to their properties.

Materials: bond paper & pen, manila paper & marker

Procedure
1. With your groupmates, use the data in Tables 1 to 3 to answer the questions in this
activity.
Table 1. Alkanes
Guide Questions:
Q1. What are the types of bonds present in the following: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes?
Q2. Using Tables 1 to 3, what pattern do you observe in terms of the phase, number of carbon
atoms, structure and boiling point of the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes? Explain the patterns
you observe.
Q3. What do you think will be the boiling point of the next alkane, alkene, and alkyne? Will the
boiling point of each hydrocarbon be higher or lower? Explain your answer.
Q4. Why do you think some hydrocarbons are gases and others are liquids?
Q5. Why do you think there are many hydrocarbon compounds?
Q6. What hydrocarbon compounds are gases and liquids? What are the uses of gaseous
hydrocarbon compounds and liquid hydrocarbon compounds?

ANSWERS KEY:
TASK 1: REVEAL THE WORD
1. HYDROCARBONS
2. STRUCTURAL FORMULA
3. CONDENSED FORMULA
4. BOILING POINT
ACTIVITY 3: THE HYDROCARBONS
Q1. Compounds in the alkanes group only have single bonds between carbon
atoms. Alkenes have at least one double bond between carbon atoms in the
compounds. Alkynes have at least one triple bond between carbon atoms in the
compounds.
Q2. The physical state of the alkanes from methane to butane is gas, and from
pentane to octane: liquid. The reason for this is related to the structure of the
compounds. If the molecule of the compound is small it interacts less with each
other. Just like methane, it is likely to be a gaseous compound. When the
molecules become bigger in size or structure, they can closely interact with each
other and they will become more likely to be liquid just like in the case of octane.
Octane molecule has a very long chained structure that makes it too heavy to be a
gaseous
compound. The trend in the phase of the compounds is also the same with the
alkenes and the alkynes. The phase of the alkenes and alkynes is a gas when the
molecules is small and becomes liquid as the molecules become bigger. The trend
in the structures of the compounds in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes is the same.
The size of the structures of the compounds is increasing because the compounds
become bigger or longer.
Q3. The trend in the boiling point of the compounds in alkanes, alkenes, and
alkynes is also in an increasing pattern. This is because of their structures. As the
structures of the compounds become bigger, they also interact more with each
other. Bigger molecules that interact with each other more strongly require
higher temperature to evaporate. That is why they have a higher boiling point.
Q4. The reason why there are hydrocarbons that are gases and liquids is because
of the structure or the size of the molecules of the compounds. When the
molecules are small, they tend to interact less among each other. Smaller
molecules are usually gases. And when molecules have bigger structures, they
interact more with each other. Thus, bigger molecules then tend to settle in liquid
state.
Q5. The reason for so many hydrocarbon compounds is the carbon atom. Carbon
atoms have four valence electrons. This atomic structure of the carbon makes it
possible to form many types of bonds with other elements and with other carbon
atoms. The formation of these bonds results in many different hydrocarbons.
Q6. Common examples of gaseous hydrocarbon compounds are methane,
butane, propene, and ethyne (acetylene). Methane gas is the most common
hydrocarbon. It is used as fuel for cigarette lighters and LPG. It is also mixed with
other fuel for vehicles. Butane gas is used as fuel, blended with other
hydrocarbons to produce liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and is also used as fuel
cigarette lighter. The color of the flame when butane is used in cigarette lighter is
blue. Ethyne gas or commonly known as acetylene is used commonly in flame
torch that is used in welding of iron, and it is also used for hastening the ripening
of fruits. Examples of common liquid hydrocarbons are octane and pentene.
Octane and pentene are used as components of gasoline.
TASK 2: LOOK-A-LIKE
1. METHANE 2. PROPENE

H H H

H C H C C C H

H H H H

3. ETHYNE

H C C H

ELABORATE: VIDEO CLIP “HYDROCARBONS”

1. Compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon.
2. Saturated hydrocarbons and Unsaturated hydrocarbons
3. Saturated hydrocarbons are also called Alkanes in which the carbon atoms are
connected by single bonds only. Meanwhile, carbon in unsaturated hydrocarbons are
connected by double or triple bonds.
4. Double bond-Alkenes, Triple bond- Alkynes
EVALUATE
1. b. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only.
2. a. Single bond
3. b. Double bond
4. c. Triple bond
5. a.
H

H–C

–H H
Rubrics for Group Activity

CRITERIA 4 (EXCELLENT) 3 (GOOD) 2 (FAIR) 1 (POOR)

Content

(The answers are

correct and clearly
stated.)

Presentation

(The reporters explain

their output diligently
and spontaneously.)

Teamwork

(Every member of the

group contributed or
participated in the
activity given.)