測驗 6

Answer ALL questions;pp;

1. A block of mass M = 2 kg is placed on the surface of a light disc, as shown in Fig. 1.

The disc is depressed 100 mm vertically downwards and released.

100 mm

Fig. 1

(a) Calculate the maximum permissible value of the force constant of the spring
so that the motion remains to be simple harmonic. (2 marks)

Assume that the force constant of the spring is 200 Nm-1.

(b) At 0.15 s after the block is released, what is its

(i) position,
(ii) velocity,
(iii) acceleration?
(4 marks)

(c) Suppose that the block is now at rest at its equilibrium position. A bullet of
mass m = 0.02 kg is fired vertically downwards at a high speed v = 300 ms -1
into the block and is embedded in it.

300 m s-1

Fig. 1(c)

(i) Find the velocity of the system just after the bullet is embedded in the
block.
(ii) Find the amplitude of the resulted simple harmonic motion.
(iii) What is the percentage of energy lost in this process?
(6 marks)

3. (a) (i) Explain the meaning of ‘plane polarized wave’. Give one example.
 (ii) State the conditions necessary for a stationary wave.
(4 marks)

(b) A small source S emits electromagnetic waves of wavelength  (about a few

cm) which can be detected by an aerial A connected to a meter measuring the
intensity of the waves.

(i) When the aerial A is at a distance d from S, the meter reading is I.

What is the meter reading if the distance SA is increased to 2 d?

(ii) If the source is rotated through 90o about the line SA, the meter reading
falls to zero. Explain briefly.
(4 marks)

(c) A metal reflecting screen is now placed some distance beyond A with its plane
perpendicular to the line SA as shown.

Refracting Screen

S A

Fig. 3(c)

(i) Explain briefly why alternate maximum and minimum readings are
shown on the meter when the screen is moved slowly away from A.

(ii) If the screen is displaced 9.0 cm between the first and the seventh
minimum, calculate the wavelength of the wave.
(4 marks)
9. In a photoelectric experiment, monochromatic light source of power 5 W and
wavelength 120 nm is incident on the cathode. When the variable D.C. voltage is
gradually adjusted, the variation of the current I with V is obtained as shown below.

Fig. 9

(a) Given: h = 6.63 x 10-34 Js and c = 3 x 108 ms-1, find

(i) the number of photons emitted per second,

(ii) the number of photoelectrons emitted,
Given: electronic charge e = 1.6 x 10-19C
(iii) the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons,
(iv) the work function of the cathode,
(v) the threshold frequency of the cathode.
(7 marks)

(b) The tube in the above apparatus is made of quartz instead of glass. Explain
briefly. (2 marks)

(c) If a light source with the same intensity but double frequency is used, what
changes would occur? Sketch the I – V graph to show the difference.
(3 marks)
10. The graph shows the activity, measured in counts per minute, of a radioactive sample
of varied with time. It is known that -particles are emitted by the sample.

(a) (i) Write down the reaction equation representing the decay of Po-218,
use X to represent the daughter nuclide.

(ii) It is known that comes from after a series of radioactive

change. How many -particles and -particles have been emitted
during this radioactive series?
(3 marks)
(b) (i) Explain why the points on the graph do not fit exactly into the smooth
curve.
(ii) Estimate the half-life of Po-218 from the graph.
(2 marks)
(c) (i) What is the decay constant of Po-218?
(ii) How long would it take for the activity to fall to 100 counts per
minute?
(3 marks)

(d) The activity measured is the absolute decay rate.

(i) Can this activity be measured by the GM tube? Explain briefly.

(ii) Estimate the initial mass of the sample of Po-218.
Given: Avogadro’s Number NA = 6 x 1023 mol-1
(4 marks)