CRI 179: Traffic Management and

Accident Investigation with Driving

Teacher’s Guide #2

Name: _______________________________________ Class number: ___________________

Section: __________ Schedule: __________________ Date: __________________________

Lesson title: History of Transportation References:

Lesson Objectives: 1. Delizo, Darlito Bernard G.,

Traffic Management & Accident
a. Relate the dates, personalities, & significant events, involving Investigation
the history of transportation;
b. Compare the peculiarities between early and modern 2. Baker, Stannard J.,
transportation. Traffic Accident Investigators
Manual for Police

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW

Good day everyone. Welcome to Traffic Management and Accident Investigation with Driving
Lessons. This subject is all about the management and investigation of traffic accidents. Our learning
will emanate from the history, the pillars, proper direction, and control, supervision of traffic; the traffic
laws; rules, and regulations, and on the latter part is about driving lessons and actual driving.

B. MAIN LESSON

Early Modes of Transportation

A. Man Power: Every man, who had no domesticated animals, carried his own burdens. More so
today, manpower is important in transportation in many parts of the world.
1. Walking (travelling by foot) – first mode of transportation the power of his feet) used by
man
2. Carrying Pole- balancing on one shoulder that has started in China.
3. Backload and tumpline - utilized to carry loads on the back with a strap passing over
the chest
4. Sledge on rollers - moving of heavy burdens was to place them on sledge which rested
on a series of roller
5. Sledge on runners – a simple sledge, probably man-drawn, was used at the end of the
Stone Age in Northern Europe.
6. Travois – serves as a platform on which the burdens are paced

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 CRI 179: Traffic Management and
Accident Investigation with Driving
Teacher’s Guide #2

Name: _______________________________________ Class number: ___________________

Section: __________ Schedule: __________________ Date: __________________________

B. Animal Power
1. Ox – cattle, which were first domesticated in Mesopotamia. Used as draft animals to
draw war chariots. In some parts of Africa, they are used as pack animals and for riding.
2. Reindeer – these were first domesticated in Siberia at the beginning of the Christian era.
They were ridden with saddles and they drew sledges somewhat like the dog sledges of
the Far North.
3. Dog – the first animal domesticated, is too slight to carry heavy loads. In Europe, the
dogs are used to draw small carts.
4. Donkey- First domesticated in the Middle East. Today, it is still the chief beast burden
among the farmers of the Near East, Mediterranean Area and Mexico, where it was
introduced from Spain.
5. Llama- Used in the high Andes as pack animals by the Incas and their Spanish
conquerors.
6. Elephant- Used by Carthaginians (African Elephant) in their war against Rome.
7. Horse – in Europe, horses were used to draw wheeled vehicles and for riding.
8. Camel – used to draw carts
9. Yak – a long haired-type of cattle and used as a pack animal.

C. Wind Power
1. Ancient Chinese Kite – was first used for transport by Koreans. When Korean General
employed one in bridge building. By means of a kite, a cord was conveyed across a
river where heavier ropes were fastened and finally the bridge cable. In the late 10th
century, European armies experimented with kites in transporting men.
2. Da Vinci’s Ornithopter- Leonardo da Vinci. It was based on the flight of birds.
3. Montgolfière Balloon- France Joseph Michel and Jacques Etienne. The balloon was
used to condemn prisoners but was protested.
4. Siemens’ Rocket Plane - Ernst Werner Von Siemens. He designed a rocket plane that
was propelled by an explosive force of gunpowder.
5. Santos Dumont’s Airship- Alberto Santos Dumont. He is one of the pioneers of
lighter-than-air craft. He experimented with the steam power balloons in Paris.
6. Wright Brothers Flying Machine. Orville and Wilbur Wright built a biplane kite with over
200 different wings types which they tested in a wind tunnel of their own invention, which
they conducted their first man-carrying powered machine.

Early people learned to build a sled by tying beams across two runners with tips of hide. Next,
came the litter may have been the first vehicle designed to carry people. Litters were made by
stretching animal skins across two poles.
Later, people domesticated animals and used them to carry packs and pull sleds. In the Middle
East, the ox, donkey, camel, were trained to be beasts of burdens. In the cold Arctic region, dogs and
reindeer were used. In India, humped cattle and elephants were the burden bearers. The horses which
became the most common transport animal were one of the last to be trained.

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 CRI 179: Traffic Management and
Accident Investigation with Driving
Teacher’s Guide #2

Name: _______________________________________ Class number: ___________________

Section: __________ Schedule: __________________ Date: __________________________

People also discovered that traveling on water could be faster and easier than travelling on
land. They made long, narrow boats called dugout canoes. These boats were propelled with long poles
and later with paddles and rudders. Then, become acquainted that wind could be harnessed and used
as power to drive boats. Different materials such as mat grass, animal hides, or cloth, served as sails in
different countries.

Development of Transportation

Dates Personalities/Places Significant Events

or Country Involved

3000 B.C. Sumerians First people used wheels made of tree planks held together
by cross-pieces with a hole in the center for the axle. In
some places, a solid disk cut from a log was used.

1675 B.C. Egypt Wheeled vehicles came into general use.

1st Century B.C. China, Chou Dynasty Known for its fine road system. There were so many
carriages on the roads that it became necessary to
establish speed limits and other traffic regulations. The
Great Wall of China, one of the Seven Wonders of the
World, is a prominent structure of the roadway.
4th Century B.C. Romans First road builders. They built smooth, hard surfaced roads
wherever they ruled, from England they built roads that
have many sections & are still in use today.
1784 William Murdoch A working model of the steam locomotive carriage was
built.
1803 Richard Trevithick Responsible for building a 10-seater London Steam
carriage.
He also built a steam-powered railway locomotive.
1816 Karl Von Drais Inventor of bicycles in Germany, used his bicycle in
collecting taxes from tenants.
1862 Etienne Lenoir Invented a gasoline-fed engine for automobiles.
1769 Nicolas Joseph
Cugnot of France Built the first automobile, self-powered steam engine
1876 Nicolaus Otto Invented an effective gas motor engine and built the first
practical four-stroke internal combustion engine called
“Otto Cycle Engine” and when completed built it into a
motorcycle.
1885 Gottlieb Daimler Invented the first real motorcycle.
1879 Benz Granted with a patent for his first engine, which had been
designed in 1878.

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 CRI 179: Traffic Management and
Accident Investigation with Driving
Teacher’s Guide #2

Name: _______________________________________ Class number: ___________________

Section: __________ Schedule: __________________ Date: __________________________

1806 Francois Isaac de A Swiss inventor who designed the first internal
Rivaz combustion engine fueled by a mixture of oxygen and
hydrogen.
2005 Toyota Developed the hydrogen-powered Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle
(FCHV).
Installed the first traffic light outside the British Houses of
December 10, J P Knight Parliament in London. They resembled railway signals of
1868 the time, with semaphore arms and red and green gas
lamps for night use. The gas lantern was turned with a
lever at its base so that the appropriate light faced traffic.
1912 Lester Wire A policeman who invented the first red-green electric traffic
lights.
August 5, 1914 American Traffic Installed a traffic signal system on the corner of East 105th
Signal Company Street and Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, with two colors, red
and green, and a buzzer. It was designed by James Hoge.

1920 William Potts A police officer who created the first four-way, three-color
traffic light in Detroit, Michigan.
1815 John L. Macadam Constructed “feeder roads” in England, which were known
as a macadamized road, which then spurred the
development of land transportation.
1888 John Boyd Dunlop Invented the tire & gave a tremendous impetus to the early
work of automobiles.
December 17, Wilbur and Orville Made four brief flights at Kitty Hawk with their first powered
1903 Wright aircraft. The Wright brothers had invented the first
successful airplane.

Modern Day Transportation:

Man’s technological innovation has allowed people to travel farther, explore more territory, and
expand their influence over larger and larger areas. Even in ancient times, new tools such as foot
coverings, skis, and well-developed engines lengthened the distances that could be traveled. Because
of the new technology applied to transport problems, travel time decreased while the ability to move
more and larger loads increased, those in the business sector can do transactions more easily and
earn more income. Innovation continues, in improving land, sea, and air transportation.

But due to an increased number of vehicles, especially on land transportation, traffic problems
also exist. Traffic congestion nowadays causes delays in man’s daily activities. Traffic accidents were
the results of damage to life and properties, reasons why all of us need to understand traffic laws, rules,
and regulations.

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 CRI 179: Traffic Management and
Accident Investigation with Driving
Teacher’s Guide #2

Name: _______________________________________ Class number: ___________________

Section: __________ Schedule: __________________ Date: __________________________

Activity 1: Skill-building Activities.

Exercise 1: Describe/write the significant contribution(s) of the personalities listed in the first column.

Name of Personalities Significant Contributions

1. John Boyd Dunlop

2. John L. Macadam

3. Etienne Lenoir

4. Lester Wire

5. J P Knight

Exercise 2: State how the following modes of transportation developed. What are the significant
developments in each mode?

Mode of transportation Significant Development(s)

1. Manpower

2. Animal power

3. Water power

4. Wind/air power

Exercise 3: Differentiate early transportation and modern day transportation.

Early Transportation Modern day Transportation

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 CRI 179: Traffic Management and
Accident Investigation with Driving
Teacher’s Guide #2

Name: _______________________________________ Class number: ___________________

Section: __________ Schedule: __________________ Date: __________________________

Activity 2: Check for Understanding.

1. He invented the tire in 1888.

a) Etienne Lenoir b) John Boyd Dunlop
c) John L. Macadam d) William Potts

2. He invented the first real motorcycle in 1885.

a) Etienne Lenoir b) John Boyd Dunlop
c) Gottlieb Daimler d) William Potts

3. In 3000 B.C., they were the first people to use a wheel made of tree planks held together by
cross-pieces with a hole in the center for the axle.
a) Egyptians b) Romans
c) Chinese d) Sumerians

4. In 1862 he invented a gasoline fed engine for automobiles.

a) Etienne Lenoir b) John Boyd Dunlop
c) John L. Macadam d) William Potts

5. He was a police officer who created the first four-way, three-color traffic light in Detroit,
Michigan in 1920.
a) Etienne Lenoir b) John Boyd Dunlop
c) John L. Macadam d) William Potts

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Activity 3: Thinking about Learning

Congratulations for completing this module. You can now shade the number of modules you have
completed.

“My Learning Tracker”

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 CRI 179: Traffic Management and
Accident Investigation with Driving
Teacher’s Guide #2

Name: _______________________________________ Class number: ___________________

Section: __________ Schedule: __________________ Date: __________________________

Date Learning Target/Topic Scores Action Plan

What module# Did you What contributed to the quality of your
What were your
What’s the do it? What were the performance today? What will you do
scores in the
date today? learning targets? What next session to maintain your
activities?
activities did you do? performance or improve it?

FAQs

1. Which means of transportation do you think works best today?

Each and every means of modern transportation today, carries with it some advantages and
disadvantages. It is up to each and every individual user to choose which of the existing transport
systems would be advantageous for him/her, depending on the affordability, the existing mode on the
location or sometimes in consideration of time element to arrive in one place at the soonest time
possible. Though one of the most important considerations is to arrive at a particular destination safely
at all times.

2. In the history of transportation, what inventions do you think leads most to the development of
present day transportation?

As observed, there is no one invention that helped in the development of transportation of today,
but instead, it is a conglomeration of all ideas and bright minds of our predecessors, to include
development in technology that creates today’s transportation

KEY TO CORRECTION

Answer to skill building Exercises

Exercise 1: Describe/write the significant contribution(s) of the personalities listed on the first column.

Name of Personalities Significant Contributions

1. John Boyd Dunlop Invented the tire & gave a tremendous impetus to the early
work of automobiles in 1888.

2. John L. Macadam Constructed “feeder roads” in England, which were known as

a macadamized road, which then spurred the development of
land transportation in 1815.

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 CRI 179: Traffic Management and
Accident Investigation with Driving
Teacher’s Guide #2

Name: _______________________________________ Class number: ___________________

Section: __________ Schedule: __________________ Date: __________________________

3. Etienne Lenoir Invented a gasoline fed engine for automobiles in 1862.

4. Lester Wire A policeman who invented the first red-green electric traffic
lights in 1912.
5. J P Knight On December 10, 1868, he installed the first traffic light
outside the British Houses of Parliament in London. They
resembled railway signals of the time, with semaphore arms
and red and green gas lamps for night use. The gas lantern
was turned with a lever at its base so that the appropriate light
faced traffic.

Exercise 2: State how the following modes of transportation developed. What are the significant
developments in each mode?

Mode of transportation Significant Development(s)

1. Manpower Men traveled by walking, later they used sleds in carrying
goods that they gained from hunting.
2. Animal power Domesticated were animals like dogs, reindeer, elephants and
horses. These animals were used in transportation and also to
carry heavy loads.
3. Water power Man discovered that they can as well travel through waters
and use logs, later, dug-out canoe, then further develop this
means of transportation by using sail and rudder.
4. Wind/air power At first man uses kite, balloons, and later a plane. The first
flight of the plane was done by the Wright brothers.

Exercise 3: Differentiate early transportation and modern day transportation.

Early Transportation Modern day Transportation

Early transportation was based on crude tools and
ideas, like for example walking, using animals to
carry heavy loads, using log or dug-out canoe, sail
and rudder on water and the use of balloons on air.
Our advancement in modern transportation is
the result of contributed ideas from our
predecessors as well as the result of advanced
technology today. We have developed our
land, sea, air navigational capabilities and
transport system.

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 CRI 179: Traffic Management and
Accident Investigation with Driving
Teacher’s Guide #2

Name: _______________________________________ Class number: ___________________

Section: __________ Schedule: __________________ Date: __________________________

Activity 2: Check for Understanding.

1. John Boyd Dunlop

2. Gottlieb Daimler
3. Sumerians
4. Etienne Lenoir
5. William Potts

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