Subject: Maritime Safety

Intact Stability (Preliminary)

https://www.marineinsight.com/videos/video-how-are-ships-weighed/ http://shipinspection.eu/movement-of-the-centre-of-gravity/

I Putu Sindhu Asmara

Activities:

A. Pre Test (Group Work) & Questionnaire (10 minutes)

B. Lecture (Explanation using the PPT) (50 minutes)
C. Question and Answer (Interaction) (10 minutes)
D. Post Test (Group Work) & Questionnaire (10 minutes)
E. Feedback (Comment & Interaction) (10 minutes)
Pre Questionnaire:

Please select one of the below:

A. It is easy to calculate ship’s weight and the center of gravity
B. It is difficult to calculate ship’s weight and the center of gravity
A. Pre Test:
1. Describe a simple method to calculate the weight of ship
(time = 2 minutes).
2. Calculate the displacement of a vessel if the length is 100 m,
the breadth is 20 m the draught is 8 m, the block coefficient
is 0.65, and water density is 1,025 (Group 1), 1,0 ton/m3
(Group 2) (time = 4 minutes).
3. Calculate the center of gravity if LWT is 6000 tons, DWT is
4000 tons (Group 1), 6000 tons (Group 2), the center gravity
of LWT = 4 m and the center gravity of DWT = 6 m (time = 4
minutes).
B.1. Learning Objective:

By the end of the lesson the learner will be able to:

- describe the method to calculate ships’ weight, (Km)
- calculate ships’ displacement, and (Ka)
- calculate the center of gravity (Ka)
B.2. Methods:

Method 1: by estimating the weight of each of the machinery and

other parts (Weighing Estimate)

Method 2: the volume of water displaced by an immersed body is

exactly equal to the weight (Archimedes’ Principle)
B.3. Example of Weight Calculation:
Method 1:
▪ LWT = 4000 tons
▪ DWT = 6000 tons
▪ Ship’s Weight = 4,000 + 6,000 = 10,000 tons

Method 2:
▪ Lwl = 100 m
▪ B = 20 m
▪ T =8m
▪ Cb = 0.61
▪ Water Density = 1.025 tons/m3
▪ Ship’s Weight = Displacement = 100×20×8×0.61×1.025= 10,004 tons
B.4. Example of COG Calculation:
Group 1:
▪ LWT = 6,000 tons, COG of LWT = 4 m
▪ DWT = 4,000 tons, COG of DWT = 6 m
▪ COG = {(6,000×4) + (4,000×6)} / {6,000+4,000)
▪ = 48,000 tons.m /10,000 tons = 4.8m

Group 2:
▪ LWT = 6,000 tons, COG of LWT = 4 m
▪ DWT = 4,000 tons, COG of DWT = 6 m
▪ COG = {(6,000×4) + (6,000×6)} / {6,000+4,000)
▪ = 60,000 tons.m /10,000 tons = 6m
B.5. Center of Gravity:
http://shipinspection.eu/movement-of-the-centre-of-gravity/

The COG:
▪ the point of a body at which all the mass to be concentrated.
▪ the force of gravity acts vertically downwards from this point
▪ basically the body would balance around this point.
▪ the COG of a homogeneous body is at its geometrical centre.
B.6. Formula of the Ships’ Weight:

𝑊 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + ⋯ + 𝑊𝑛

𝑊 = Δ = 𝐿 × 𝐵 × 𝑇 × 𝐶𝑏 × 𝜌
B.7. Formula of the COG:

𝑊1×𝐶𝑂𝐺1 + 𝑊2×𝐶𝑂𝐺2 +⋯+ 𝑊𝑛×𝐶𝑂𝐺𝑛

𝐶𝑂𝐺 =
(𝑊1+𝑊2+⋯+𝑊𝑛)

σ𝑛
𝑖=1(𝑊𝑖 × 𝐶𝑂𝐺𝑖)
𝐶𝑂𝐺 = σ𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑊𝑖
 B.8. Ships’ COG

https://www.google.com/search?q=center+gravity+of+ship&rlz=1C1GIVA_enID932ID932&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjI5e3diob9AhVayXMBHT6wAUgQ_AUoAXoEC
AEQAw&biw=1280&bih=609&dpr=1.5#imgrc=YhZM3lnEW5stlM
B.9. Formula of the Ships’ COG:

σ𝑛
𝑖=1(𝑊𝑖 ×𝐿𝐶𝑖)
𝐿𝐶𝐺 = σ𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑊𝑖

σ𝑛
𝑖=1(𝑊𝑖 ×𝑉𝐺𝑖)
𝐾𝐺 = σ𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑊𝑖
B.10. Example of the Ships’ COG:
B.11. Center of Buoyancy:
If LWL = 200, Lfore = 40 m, Lmid = 120 m, Laft = 40 m, B = 20, T=10 m, the width
at stern = 12, and WPA at all draft is the same, Calculate the center of Buoyancy
C. ANY QUESTION ?
D.1. Post Test:
1. Describe a simple method to calculate the weight of ship
(time = 2 minutes).
2. Calculate the displacement of a vessel if the length is 100 m,
the breadth is 20 m the draught is 8 m, the block coefficient
is 0.65, and water density is 1,025 (Group 1), 1,0 ton/m3
(Group 2) (time = 4 minutes).
3. Calculate the center of gravity if LWT is 6000 tons, DWT is
4000 tons (Group 1), 6000 tons (Group 2), the center gravity
of LWT = 4 m and the center gravity of DWT = 6 m (time = 4
minutes).
D. Post Test :

Calculate the Weight and COG of Ship as follows:

E. Feedback:

❑ At the same dimensions, the higher the Block

Coefficient the higher the ship’s displacement.
❑ Ship’s weight = displacement
Post Questionnaire:

Please select one of the below:

A. It is easy to calculate ship’s weight and the center of gravity
B. It is difficult to calculate ship’s weight and the center of gravity
THANKS YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION