CHAPTER I

Objectives:

 Students are able to describe the content of descriptive texts

 Students are able to describe objects using nouns, verbs, adverbs, and adjectives
 Student are able to explain the description of various objects
 Students are able to write their own descriptive texts

Description of Lamp
Read the text below and asnwer the questions followed!

Descriptive Text: Lamp

Image: https://cdn5.vectorstock.com/i/1000x1000/92/79/different-types-of-lamps-vector-20099279.jpg

A lamp is a receptor that converts energy. Although the lamp is commonly known as a unified object,
the truth is that it can be divided into two parts: on one side is the luminary (which is the device that
serves as a support) and the proper lamp which is the device that produces the light (bulb, etc).

Although originally the lamps only have the function of lighting a room or sector of the home, there
are lamps of all kinds and a great classification can be made according to their age, their price, their
durability, their style, etc.

One kind of lamps that we know is an incandescent lamp or light bulb. This lamp can be identified
from its shape that looks like a small baloon made of transparent glass with narrower end called the
cap. The size of the lamp is usually based on the power (watt). The greater the power, the bigger the
bulb.Inside the bulb, there are some kinds of wires used to transfer and transform electricity into the
light.

1|English 2 – Electronics Engineering

 Image: https://cdn1.byjus.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/word-image6.png

A light bulb consists of some parts. The outer part is called the glass bulb. Then, the space between
the top wire and the glass bulb is called glass filling, the function is as a space to radiate light so that
the rays are brighter.

Moving to the wires, the first is Tungsten filament which has the main function to generate light. The
filament is used because it has an extremely high melting point of 4500˚F so that it does not easily
get burnt when transforming electricity into the light.

Meanwhile, the support and lead wires act as supporters for the filament thus it stays in its place
regardless the shock or jolt it may experience. There is also the so-called Dumet wire, a copper clad
nickel-iron alloy widely used to obtain hermetic seals in soft glass. This is possible because the
thermal expansion of Dumet closely matches that of glass, and the material “wets” well, affecting
the bond with the glass.

Then, there is a stem which becomes the base for all the components to attach and build a light
bulb. The last part is called a cap, screw-shaped part that fits into a socket fixed to a ceiling or wall.
The cap is made of conductor thus it can transfer the electricity to the filament.

(Adapted from: https://www.energy.gov/articles/history-light-bulb & https://www.bulbs.com/learning/history.aspx)

Answer the following questions based on the text above!

1. What is the use of lamps?

2. How many parts does a light bulb have? Explain!
3. Why is a Tungsten filament selected as a wire in a light bulb?
4. How do you describe a light bulb according to the text? Group the description based on
categories (ex: shape, color, size, texture, etc)!
5. What adjectives are used in the text above to describe a light bulb?
6. What verbs are used in the text above to describe a light bulb?
7. What adverbs are used in the text above to describe a light bulb?

2|English 2 – Electronics Engineering

 Descriptive Text

What is a descriptive text?

Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and
reveal a particular person, place, or thing. In a broad sense, description is about sensory
experience—how something looks, sounds, tastes. Mostly it is about visual experience, but
description also deals with other kinds of perception.

A descriptive text is meaningful text that describes the experience related to the senses, such as
what shape, sound, taste is. Most descriptive text is about visual experience, but in fact the
experience other than the sense of sight, we can also use it to make descriptive text.

Image: https://cdn1.vectorstock.com/i/1000x1000/08/95/five-senses-icons-vector-19340895.jpg

So, it can be said that the descriptive text is a text that explains about whether a person or an object
is like, whether its form, its properties, its amount and others. The purpose of the descriptive text
is clear, that is to describe, represent or reveal a person or an object, either abstract or concrete.

Generic Structure of Descriptive Text

When writing descriptive text, there are some generic structures for our writing to be true. The
arrangement is:

 Identification: (contains about the introduction of a person, place, animal or object will be
described.)
 Description: contains a description of something such as animal, things, place or person by
describing its features, forms, colors, or anything related to what the writer describes.

Purpose of Descriptive Text

 To describe person, thing or place in specific

 To describe a particular person, thing or place.

Language Feature of Descriptive Text

 Specific participant : has a certain object, is not common and unique (only one). for example:
Bandengan beach, my house, Borobudur temple, uncle Jim

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 The use of the adjective (an adjective) to clarify the noun, for example: a beautiful beach, a
handsome man, the famous place in Jepara, etc.
 The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is simple present because it tells
the fact of the object described.
 Action verb: verbs that show an activity (for example, run, sleep, walk, cut etc.)
(Source: http://britishcourse.com/descriptive-text-definition-generic-structures-purposes-language-features.php)

Exercise 1

Read the descriptive texts below, then identify the generic structure and language features!

1. Singapore

Singapore is a South-east Asian country located between Malaysia

and Indonesia. Despite its small size, Singapore is known for its
transition as a third-world country to the first-world country.
Singapore also was known as the Asian Tiger economy, based on
external trade and its workforce. Singapore size is not as big as
Indonesia, but the city ranks highly in numerous international
rankings for its education, entertainment, finance, healthcare, human capital, innovation, logistics,
manufacturing, technology, tourism, trade, and transport. Singapore is home to 5.6 million people
with a diverse culture. Majority ethnic groups in Singapore are Chinese, Malay, and Indian.
Singapore Independence Day was on the 9th of August 1965. Merlion Statue is the official mascot of
Singapore. Singapore is famous for its Garden by the Bay, Marina Bay Sands, dan Orchard Road .

2. Puppy

My father bought me a present I’ve wanted for years. It’s a dog. A

puppy to be exact. I called him Ross. Ross is a small puppy. His size
is as big as the palm of my hand. Ross is so fragile. Sometimes I am
afraid I will hurt him if I want to take him up. Dad said he found
Ross near our house, crying looking for his mom. But Dad can’t see
her, so Dad decides to bring him home and give him some comfort.
Ross is a good eater. He always finished everything we gave him.
Now, it’s been a year since Ross come to our family. His small body has grown up into a size of a
football ball. Ross is a good dog, and we love him so much.

3. My room

My room is my favorite place in my house . My room is in second

floor, next to my big sister’s room. My room is painted light grey.
There is big bed inside my room where I sleep every day. I put
some pictures on my desk. There are my family picture, my picture
with my friends, and my pictures with my pet, Luna, a persian cat. I
also have drawers where I put all my clothes inside. My room is not
big, but it is the best place in my house for me.

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4. Roddy

Roddy is my friend since we were kid. We are neighbour and we always go to

the same school. Roddy is taller than me. He has blonde hair and pointed
nose. His favourite food is hamburger with fries and coke. We often playing
video games together in my house. But sometime we love swimming in water
park near our neighborhood. Roddy and I are best friend forever.

(Adapted from: https://www.ef.co.id/englishfirst/kids/blog/contoh-descriptive-text-dalam-bahasa-inggris/)

Exercise 2

Write a description text about a person, a thing or a place that you find fascinating. Your description
must follow the generic structure and language features above!

____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

5|English 2 – Electronics Engineering

 Noun, Adjective, Adverb, Verb
In English, there is a concept of word classes called parts of speech. It contains 8
classes, but the main ones are 4. They are noun, adjective, adverb and verb. The four
parts or speech are not only useful to make good sentences, but also vital in making a description of
an object (descriptive text) just like we did in the previous section.

Image: https://www.grammarwiz.com/images/8-parts-of-speech.jpg

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Noun

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are often used with an article
(the, a, an), but not always. Proper nouns always start with a capital letter; common nouns do
not. Nouns can be singular or plural, concrete or abstract. Nouns show possession by
adding 's. Nouns can function in different roles within a sentence; for example, a noun can be a
subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, or object of a preposition.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared.

If you relate nouns to descriptive text, a noun is usually used to name the object to describe.
Generally, the noun firstly appears in the introduction to highlight the topic of the descriptive text.
Nouns are also used to provide additional information about the object. Take a look at the
underlined words below:

My Room

My room is my favorite place in my house . My room is in second

floor, next to my big sister’s room. My room is painted light grey.
There is big bed inside my room where I sleep every day. I put
some pictures on my desk. There are my family picture, my picture
with my friends, and my pictures with my pet, Luna, a persian cat. I
also have drawers where I put all my clothes inside. My room is not
big, but it is the best place in my house for me.

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Adjectives

An adjective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun. It usually answers

the question of which one, what kind, or how many. (Articles [a, an, the] are usually classified as
adjectives.)

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared.

If you relate adjectives to descriptive text, a n adjective is usually used to describe the
characteristics of the object you talk about. Adjectives can be in the form of adjectives themselves,
states, colors, etc. Take a look at the underlined words below:

Roddy

Roddy is my friend since we were kid. We are neighbour and we always go to

the same school. Roddy is taller than me. He has blonde hair and pointed
nose. His favourite food is hamburger with fries and coke. We often playing
video games together in my house. But sometime we love swimming in water
park near our neighborhood. Roddy and I are best friend forever.

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Adverbs

An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a

noun. It usually answers the questions of when, where, how, why, under what conditions, or to what
degree. Adverbs often end in -ly.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared.

If you relate adverbs to descriptive text, an adverb is usually used to emphasize the
characteristics of the object you talk about. Take a look at the underlined words below:

Singapore

Singapore is a South-east Asian country located between Malaysia

and Indonesia. Despite its small size, Singapore is known for its
transition as a third-world country to the first-world country.
Singapore also was known as the Asian Tiger economy, based on
external trade and its workforce. Singapore size is not as big as
Indonesia, but the city ranks highly in numerous international
rankings for its education, entertainment, finance, healthcare, human capital, innovation, logistics,
manufacturing, technology, tourism, trade, and transport. Singapore is home to 5.6 million people
with a diverse culture. Majority ethnic groups in Singapore are Chinese, Malay, and Indian.
Singapore Independence Day was on the 9th of August 1965. Merlion Statue is the official mascot of
Singapore. Singapore is famous for its Garden by the Bay, Marina Bay Sands, dan Orchard Road .

9|English 2 – Electronics Engineering

Verbs

The verb in a sentence expresses action or being. There is a main verb and sometimes one
or more helping verbs. ("She can sing." Sing is the main verb; can is the helping verb.) A verb must
agree with its subject in number (both are singular or both are plural). Verbs also take different
forms to express tense.

The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared.

If you relate verbs to descriptive text, a verb is usually used to explain the action of the
object you talk about. A verb also hints the tense you are supposed to use when writing a descriptive
text, which is present tense, except there are things in the past you have to explain to descrive the
object. Take a look at the underlined words below:

Puppy

My father bought me a present I’ve wanted for years. It’s a dog. A

puppy to be exact. I called him Ross. Ross is a small puppy. His size
is as big as the palm of my hand. Ross is so fragile. Sometimes I am
afraid I will hurt him if I want to take him up. Dad said he found
Ross near our house, crying looking for his mom. But Dad can’t see
her, so Dad decides to bring him home and give him some comfort.
Ross is a good eater. He always finished everything we gave him.
Now, it’s been a year since Ross come to our family. His small body has grown up into a size of a
football ball. Ross is a good dog, and we love him so much.
(Adapted from:
http://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/grammar/parts_of_speech.html#:~:text=There%20are%20eight%20parts%20of,preposition%2C%20conjun
ction%2C%20and%20interjection.)

10 | E n g l i s h 2 – E l e c t r o n i c s E n g i n e e r i n g
Exercise 3

A. Take a look at the puzzle below and follow the instruction!

___________________ ______________________ ____________________

___________________ ______________________ ____________________

___________________ ______________________ ____________________

___________________ ______________________ ____________________

___________________ ______________________ ____________________

___________________ ______________________ ____________________

___________________ ______________________

11 | E n g l i s h 2 – E l e c t r o n i c s E n g i n e e r i n g
B. Take a look at each item below and write down your answers on the lines provided!

C. Read the instruction below carefully, and write down your answer on the line provided!

12 | E n g l i s h 2 – E l e c t r o n i c s E n g i n e e r i n g
D. Read the instruction below and do the exercise!

13 | E n g l i s h 2 – E l e c t r o n i c s E n g i n e e r i n g
Exercise 4

Find nouns, adjectives, adverbs and verbs in the text below. Then, put the words into the table
based on their category!

1. Electricity is the flow of tiny particles called electrons and protons. It can also mean
the energy you get when electrons flow from place to place. Electricity can be seen in nature in a
bolt of lightning. Lightning is nothing but a large number of electrons flowing through air all at
once, releasing a huge amount of energy. Scientists have also learned how to generate, or
create, electricity. This is useful because electricity that is generated can be controlled and sent
through wires. It can then power such things as heaters, light bulbs, and computers. Today,
electricity provides most of the energy to run the modern world.
(Source: https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/electricity/353091)

2. Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we
think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make
choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence
through adulthood.Over the course of your life, if you experience mental health problems, your
thinking, mood, and behavior could be affected. Many factors contribute to mental health
problems, including biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry; life experiences, such as
trauma or abuse; and family history of mental health problems. Mental health problems are
common but help is available. People with mental health problems can get better and
many recover completely.
(Source: https://www.mentalhealth.gov/basics/what-is-mental-health)

Text Nouns Adjective Adverb Verb

Text 1

Text 2

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Exercise 5

Identify the nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs that you use in your writing in Exercise 2. Put the
words in the table based on their category.

Your text Noun Adjective Adverb Verb

Writing Assignment
 Assignment 1

In a group of 3 or 4, describe the objects related to Electronics below. Follow the generic structure
and language features that has been discussed above.

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 Assignment 2
- Choose one electronic devices OR electronic components. Describe the device/ component
using the generic structure and language features that have been discussed. Note that this is
an individual work, and your object must not be the same as your friends.
- Type your work neatly. Insert a picture of the object before you descibe it.
- Present your work in front of the class.

16 | E n g l i s h 2 – E l e c t r o n i c s E n g i n e e r i n g
 CHAPTER II
Objectives:

 Students are able to describe the content of descriptive texts

 Students are able to describe objects using past and present tenses
 Student are able to create descriptive texts of various objects using past and present tenses
 Students are able to make a creative compilation of descriptive texts they created

Plasma TV
Read the text below and asnwer the questions followed!

Plasma TV

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/41Bl0cKDiFL.jpg

The first prototype for a plasma display monitor was invented in July 1964 at the University
of Illinois by professors Donald Bitzer and Gene Slottow and then graduate student Robert Willson.
However, it was not until after the advent of digital and other technologies that successful plasma
televisions became possible. According to Wikipedia "a plasma display is an emissive flat panel
display where light is created by phosphors excited by a plasma discharge between two flat panels of
glass."

After 1964, television broadcast companies considered developing plasma television as an

alternative to televisions using cathode ray tubes. However, LCD or liquid crystal displays made
possible flat-screen television that squelched the further commercial development of plasma
display. It took many years for plasma televisions to became successful and they finally did due to
the efforts of Larry Weber. University of Illinois author Jamie Hutchinson wrote that Larry Weber's
prototype sixty-inch plasma display, developed for Matsushita and bearing the Panasonic label,
combined the size and resolution necessary for HDTV with the addition of thinness.

17 | E n g l i s h 2 – E l e c t r o n i c s E n g i n e e r i n g
 https://st.depositphotos.com/56627780/61632/v/1600/depositphotos_616322680-stock-illustration-set-illustration-evolution-television-years.jpg

The new plasma TV has a screen as the largest regular TV set, but it is only 15 cm thick. It
consists of hundreds of thousands of small cells that contain xenon and neon gas. The advantage of
this plasma display technology is that you can produce ultra large screens using super thin material.
The image is also very clear because each pixel is lit individually making the image look good from
almost every angle.
(Adapted from https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-plasma-television-1992321 & https://www.sonora.id/read/423456088/5-contoh-descriptive-text-
bahasa-inggris-beserta-struktur-dan-artinya)

1. What is a plasma TV?

2. How does a plasma TV differ from CRT TV?
3. What did Larry Weber do so plasma TV found its fame?
4. What are the advantages offered by plasma TV?
5. What is the secret behind the clear picture a plasma TV produces?
6. What are the tenses used in the text? Why?
7. What are the purpose of using the tenses?

Descriptive Text (Cont’)

Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and
reveal a particular person, place, or thing. In a broad sense, description is about sensory
experience—how something looks, sounds, tastes. Mostly it is about visual experience, but
description also deals with other kinds of perception.

Interestingly, you can also develop a descriptive text by providing additional information about the
function, the history or anything related to the object you describe. In this context, the language
features that you use may be more diverse in terms of tenses as you do not only use the present but
also the past, if necessary.

Have a look at a short descriptive text below about a famous person:

18 | E n g l i s h 2 – E l e c t r o n i c s E n g i n e e r i n g
 Johnny Depp

Johnny Depp is an actor, musician and also a producer. As an

American, his posture is not so tall as he has the height of
178 cm. However, his talent stands out that makes him
awesome. Depp was born on June 9, 1963 in Owensboro,
Kentucky, U.S. He started his career on movie in 1984. His
first movie is A Nightmare on Elm Street. Before he became
a famous actor, Depp was a musician. The first genre he
played was rock music. He is good in playing guitar and writing songs. A long his life, he wrote so
many songs for bands, solo vocalist and for Sweeney Todd movie.

From the description above, you can see that to describe Johnny Depp you can use more
than one tense—which in this case, they are present (red color) and past (purple color). The use of
different tenses depends on the time of the situation. The point that you need to remember is that
in describing things, including a person or thing, you have to describe aspects your senses can reach
such as the look, the posture, the hobby, and so on.

Take a look at another example below:

.........

After 1964, television broadcast companies considered developing plasma television as an

alternative to televisions using cathode ray tubes. However, LCD or liquid crystal displays made
possible flat-screen television that squelched the further commercial development of plasma
display. It took many years for plasma televisions to became successful and they finally did due to
the efforts of Larry Weber. University of Illinois author Jamie Hutchinson wrote that Larry Weber's
prototype sixty-inch plasma display, developed for Matsushita and bearing the Panasonic label,
combined the size and resolution necessary for HDTV with the addition of thinness.

The new plasma TV has a screen as the largest regular TV set, but it is only 15 cm thick. It
consists of hundreds of thousands of small cells that contain xenon and neon gas. The advantage of
this plasma display technology is that you can produce ultra large screens using super thin material.
The image is also very clear because each pixel is lit individually making the image look good from
almost every angle.

In the text above, you can see that past and present tenses are used. The first paragraph discusses
about a brief history of plasma TV and therefore, past tense is used. Meanwhile, the second
paragraph describes the appearance and features of plasma TV that exists now thus you can use
present tense.

19 | E n g l i s h 2 – E l e c t r o n i c s E n g i n e e r i n g
Exercise 1

Identify the tenses used in the descriptive texts below. Underline the words in past and present
tense.

Maudy Ayunda

Maudy Ayunda is my favorite artist. She is so beautiful and

smart. She is tall and slim, with long black hair. The best part
is that her eyes are bright and sparkling. She made me fall in
love with her since I first saw her on TV. My first time seeing
her was when she promoted a beauty product on a TV’s
advertisement. She played in movies and also become a singer. Her voice is also wonderful. I liked
her song since the first time I heard it. Maudy is also an actress that cares about her education. I
hear now she is studying somewhere at foreign university. I hope she will make new movies and
songs soon. (Adapted from https://www.gramedia.com/literasi/descriptive-text/)

Fried Rice

Fried rice is a typical Indonesian food which is very popular. The

ingredients for making fried rice are rice, cooking oil, soy sauce,
and other seasonings. The color depends on the sauce you use. It
looks red if you use tomato sauce and it turns out brownish if you
use soy sauce. The best part is, you can add various toppings to
enrich the taste, such as srambled egg, sausage, meatballs, peas,
mustard leaves, and even noodles. Everyone loves fried rice. Fried
rice is very good. Initially, fried rice came from China. Fried rice has
been around since 4000 BC. (Adapted from https://www.gramedia.com/literasi/descriptive-text/)

Smartphone

Smartphone is a device that is so close to us. Everything you need

is on your smartphone, from your agenda to mobile banking.
Therefore, it is inseparable from our life. Talking about the device,
the first smartphone was designed by IBM and sold by BellSouth
(formerly part of the AT&T Corporation) in 1993. It included a
touchscreen interface for accessing its calendar, address book,
calculator, and other functions. As the market matured and solid-
state computer memory and integrated circuits became less
expensive over the following decade, smartphones became more computer-like, and more more-
advanced services, such as Internet access, became possible. Nowadays, smartphones have more
compact design with various features. The screen is usually as wide as 6 inches or so with high pixels
density to provide high quality visuals. The best part is the camera, that is usually more than one
with huge size and pixels. (Adapted from https://www.britannica.com/technology/smartphone)

20 | E n g l i s h 2 – E l e c t r o n i c s E n g i n e e r i n g
Exercise 2

Make a descriptive text about an electronic device around you. Try to use past and present tense in
your writing.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 Present – Past Tense
Among many tenses we have in English, there are generally two kinds that are applied
in making a dexcriptive text. They are present and past tense. In this section, we are
going to focus on Simple and Continous in Present and Past tense.

1. Simple Present Tense

The simple present tense is one of several forms of present tense in English. It is used to
describe habits, unchanging situations, repeated actions, general truths, and fixed arrangements.
The simple present tense is simple to form. Just use the base form of the verb: (I take, you take, we
take, they take) The 3rd person singular takes an -s at the end (he takes, she takes).

The picture below explains how you can form a sentence using simple present tense. There are
three types of sentences that you learn, positive, negative and introgative.

22 | E n g l i s h 2 – E l e c t r o n i c s E n g i n e e r i n g
 Note that sometimes, you do not use action verbs in your sentence using simple present tense.
Instead, you need the so called “to be” to complete your sentence. For example:

 They are in the back yard.

 She is a nurse
 We are alone

Take a look at the picture below that explains how you can form a sentence using “to be”:

Exercise 3

A. In each item, make a sentence containing the words provided in simple past tense!
1. (Example) He – swim – everyday  He swims everyday.
2. (Example) They – leave for – school  Although Jim and Josh are roommate, they always leave
for school separately.
3. Tamara – cook – dinner  ________________________________________________________
4. We – not – like – rainy days  _____________________________________________________
5. I – want to – be – teacher _______________________________________________________
6. Derric – buy – pizza ____________________________________________________________
7. You – pass – the test - ?___________________________________________________________
8. Albert – have – wavy hair_______________________________________________________
9. The stove – (“to be”) – hot______________________________________________________
10. Angelus – write – a letter_______________________________________________________

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B. Analyze the sentences below, circle the T if you think the sentence is True or F if the sentence
is False.
1. Rebecca do not like wall climbing. T/F
2. Although they are just friends, many people thinks they are couple. T/F
3. Kids are supposed to be at home before the night falls. T/F
4. Looking at the screen too long makes your eyes dry. T/F
5. The new laptop have a wider screen than the previous one. T/F
6. The fridge needs some maintenance. T/F
7. Does we have to take the course? T/F
8. The baby cries so loudly. T/F

C. Describe the picture below. Make sure your sentences are in simple present tense.

https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/couple-relax-on-the-beach-enjoy-beautiful-sea-on-the-tropical-island-
pictureid1160947136?b=1&k=20&m=1160947136&s=612x612&w=0&h=AsFmKSBYTtacl0DvI-RanCnAXFU0cmuW8NAo0g-tGzA=

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2. Present Continous Tense

The second tense to discuss is Present Continuous Tense. People also call it Present Progressive
Tense to emphasize that the predicate or verb used is in progress (still happening). The Present
Continuous can be used to show an action which is happening at the time of speaking. The
continuous tense is formed with the verb ‘be’ + -ing form of the verb.
Example: I am having dinner at the moment.

The point to underline is that actions that happen in the time of speaking is momentary or does
not last forever. Therefore, do not get confused with the description of Present Continuous that it is
temporary which is different from Simple Present that is permanent. Take a look at the table below
to compare Simple Present and Present Continuous:

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 There are 3 kinds of sentences you can make with Present Continuous, they are positive,
negative and interrogative. The formulations are as follows:

Exercise 4

A. Which one do you need, Simple Present or Present Continuous?

B. Read the instruction, and do the exercise below!

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C. Read the instruction, and do the exercise below!

3. Simple Past Tense

The simple past tense, in English, is used to represent an action/event that took place in the
past. With many verbs, the simple past tense is formed by adding an ‘ed’ or a ‘d’ to the end of the
base verb. However, there are other verbs which behave differently and take different spellings
when used in the simple past form.

The simple past tense can be used to:

 Refer to an action or event that happened in the past

 Speak about something that was true for some time in the past
 Explain something that happened more than once in the past

Learning the structure of simple past tense can be made simple if you analyse how the tense is
used in the positive, negative, interrogative and negative interrogative formats. Look at the table
below to have a better understanding of the same.

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Here are some examples for Simple Past Tense in different occasions:

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Exercise 5

A. Read the instruction below, then do the exercise!

B. Read the instruction belo, then do the exercise!

C. Read the instruction belo, then do the exercise!

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D. Crossword Puzzle

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4. Past Continuous Tense

Exactly like other continuous tense, Past Continuous is recognized by the use of V-ing. However,
the “to be” used is in the second form: was, were. Another difference lies on the use of Past
Continuous. If in Simple Past you are allowed to make a sentence explaining one single action that
already happened in the past, in Past Continuous you have to make a sequence of two or more
actions that were occuring in the past. Compare the examples below:

 Past Tense : Jess came to my office.

 Past Continuous : Jess came to my office when I was attending a meeting.

The first sentence “Jess came to my office” just shows that Jess came to my office in the past
time. Meanwhile, the second sentence “Jess came to my office when I was attending a meeting”
shows two different actions happened in the past that one action was still in progress when the
other came up. Take a look at the table below to see the comparison:

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32 | E n g l i s h 2 – E l e c t r o n i c s E n g i n e e r i n g
 The picture above show the formulation of Past Continuous Tense in positive, negative and
interogative. As you can see there, “to be” (was/ were) and V-ing are two mandatory parts that
must be there when you use the tense.

Exercise 6

A. Read the instruction below then do the exercises!

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B. Read the instruction below then do the exercises!

C. Read the instruction below then do the exercises!

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 Writing Assignment

In pair, write a descriptive text about an electronic device in your house. Before giving the
description of the device, please provide additional information about the transformation or
development of the object from then to now, where you have to use Past Tense. Do not forget to
insert the picture of the device you talk about.

Mini Project

1. Make a group of 3 – 4 students

2. In a group, make a writing compilation that consists of your work in Chapter I (Exercise 2,
Writing Assignment 1, Writing Assignment 2) and Chapter II (Exercise 2 and Writing Assignment)
3. You can use Canva or other application to make the compilation
4. Besides the content, your creativity will also be taken into account
5. Make sure each member has a role in making the compilation

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