Claret School of Zamboanga City

LEVEL II PAASCU-ACCREDITED
Ruste Drive, San Jose Cawa- Cawa, Zamboanga City
Senior High School
SY 2022-2023

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN GRADE 12 BIOLOGY 2

Activity No.: 8 (Second Semester)

Activity Title: Genetic Engineering
Learning Target: At the end of the lesson, the students CAN:
1. outline the steps involved in genetic engineering.
1.1 compare classical breeding with modern genetic engineering techniques;
1.2 enumerate the steps in molecular cloning;
1.3 describe some methods to introduce DNA into cells; and
1.4 explain the selection and screening of transformants / genetically modified organisms
Reference/s:
Tiamson, M. E. B. (2016) General Biology 2. Vibal Publishing House. (4-13)
General Biology 2: Teacher’s Module (DepEd) (1-8)

Value/s: Innovative, Awareness, Respect for life

I. Essential Ideas

Genetic engineering involves the use of molecular techniques to modify the traits of a target organism.
The modification of traits may involve:

a.. introduction of new traits into an organism

b. enhancement of a present trait by increasing the expression of the desired gene
c. enhancement of a present trait by disrupting the inhibition of the desired genes’ expression.

OUTLINE OF RECOMBINANT DNA:

I. cutting or cleavage of DNA by restriction enzymes (REs)

II. selection of an appropriate vector or vehicle which would propagate the recombinant DNA ( eg.
circular plasmid in bacteria with a foreign gene of interest)
II. ligation (join together) of the gene of interest (eg. from animal) with the vector ( cut bacterial
plasmid)
IV. transfer of the recombinant plasmid into a host cell (that would carry out replication tomake huge
copies of the recombined plasmid)
V. selection process to screen which cells actually contain the gene of interest
VI. sequencing of the gene to find out the primary structure of the protein

Ways In Which These Plasmids May Be Introduced Into Host Organisms:

BIOLISTICS. In this technique, a “gene gun” is used to fire DNA-coated pellets on plant tissues. Cells that
survive the bombardment, and are able to take up the expression plasmid coated pellets and acquire the ability to
express the designed protein.
PLASMID INSERTION BY HEAT SHOCK TREATMENT. Heat Shock Treatment is a process used to
transfer plasmid DNA into bacteria. The target cells are pre-treated before the procedure to increase the pore sizes
of their plasma membranes.

ELECTROPORATION. This technique follows a similar methodology as Heat Shock Treatment, but, the
expansion of the membrane pores is done through an electric “shock”. This method is commonly used for
insertion of genes into mammalian cells.
SOME METHODS TO SCREEN RECOMBINANT CELLS ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1. Selection of plasmid DNA containing cells

2. Selection of transformed cells with the desired gene
3. PCR detection of plasmid DNA
4. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) ex. Flavr-Savr (“Flavor Savor”), Bt-Corn

II. Learning Experiences

A. Clarifying Understanding)
Directions: Watch the video on ‘How Are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Created?’ at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2G-yUuiqIZ0, and answer the question.

What are the advantages of GM foods? What are the disadvantages of GM foods?

a. a.

b. b.

c. c.

d. d.

e. e.