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Oral Communication in Context

Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Principles of Speech Writing Part I
(Audience Analysis & Logical Organization)
Oral Communication in Context – Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Principles of Speech Writing Part I (Audience Analysis & Logical
Organization)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education, SDO Nueva Ecija

Schools Division Superintendent: Jessie D. Ferrer, CESO V
Assistant Schools Division Superintendents: Mina Gracia L. Acosta, PhD, CESO VI
Ronilo E. Hilario

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ma. Verdiosa T. Manalang
Editor: Mira Pearl A. Baldoviso
Reviewers: Ma. Checilia S. Bagsic, PhD
Josefina DR. Roque
Layout Evaluator: Leo Paulo G. Reyna
Cover Designer: Mark G. Asuncion
Management Team: Jayne M. Garcia, EdD
Ma. Checilia S. Bagsic, PhD
Beverly T. Mangulabnan, PhD
Eleanor A. Manibog, PhD

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E-mail Address: nueva.ecija@deped.gov.ph
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written for the learners. After going
through this module, the learner is expected to:
Use principles of effective speech writing: EN11/12OC-IIcj-25
• Audience profile (EN11/12OC-IIcj-25.1)
• Logical organization (EN11/12OC-IIcj-25.2)

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A group of people listening to a speech or any performance is called ______.
a. fans b. bleachers c. audience d. contenders
2. It is organizing the information in a logical manner according to topic.
a. logical fallacies
b. logical organization
c. logical structure
d. none of the above
3. This pattern is typically used when the speaker is trying to convince the
audience to take a particular viewpoint.
a. categorical
b. problem-solution
c. chronological
d. biographical
4. A pattern that presents the idea in time order.
a. logical
b. chronological
c. causal
d. categorical
5. These are the structures that will help organize the ideas related to the
topic.
a. sequential
b. organizational
c. writing patterns
d. none of the above

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 Lesson Principles of Speech

1 Writing (Audience Analysis

& Logical Organization)
The more you understand the background and needs of your audience,
the better you can write a speech. This section is going to provide you an
audience analysis and a number of writing patterns to help you create a
logically organized speech.

What’s In
In the previous module, we talked about the different types of speech
according to delivery. Let us check your learnings by answering the activity
below.
Directions: Identify the type of speech delivery described in each
statement. Write manuscript, memorized, extemporaneous or impromptu on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The most advantageous speech delivery for public figures, media
personalities, and spokespersons.
2. Sounding mechanical is one of the risks of this type of delivery.
3. One of its disadvantages is it lacks impact on the audience.
4. The delivery is more conversational and spontaneous.
5. It is delivered with little or no time for preparation.
6. It requires strong oratory skills.
7. You need much time in memorizing the speech content.
8. This is the type of speech that will make you perform poorly because you
are unprepared.
9. Speech that is planned and prepared.
10. This lacks impact on the audience because they might feel bored.

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 What’s New

Imagine that you were tasked by your boss to be an event’s planner for
the upcoming program in the company that you are working for. Your task is
to organize a welcome program for the foreign investors.

When done with the task, answer the following questions. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How did you plan for the program?

__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.

2. What things or aspects did you consider while planning?

__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.

3. What difficulties did you encounter while planning?

__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.

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 What is It

Do you want your speeches to do more than just present information?

Effective speeches are not only written to inform, but also to engage and
motivate your audience. When crafting your next speech, the components of
speech writing process must be taken into considerations. This module will
focus on audience analysis and writing patterns (logical organization).

The Speech Writing Process

Writing an effective speech requires processes and it is recursive. This

mean that you can indefinitely repeat the writing procedure before you can
settle on the right one. A schematic diagram made by Sipacio & Balgos (2016)
is shown below.

• Conduct an audience analysis

• Determine speech purpose
• Select a topic
• Narrow down a topic
• Gather data

• Edit and Revise

• Rehearse • Select speech pattern
• Prepare an outline
• Create body of the speech
• Prepare the introduction
• Prepare the conclusion
•
•

The following are the components of the speech writing process.

A. Audience analysis is the study of relevant

elements defining the characteristics of an
audience. This is done to tailor-fit the speech
content and delivery. The audience profile includes
the following information.

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 1. demography (age range, gender, educational background,
nationality, academic or corporate designations, economic status,
male-female ratio)
2. state or situation (time, place, event/occasion, and size)
3. psychology (beliefs, attitudes, values, preferences, cultural
background and needs)

A sample checklist made by Sipacio & Balgos (2016) is presented below.

Audience Analysis

Age Range

Male-Female Ratio

Educational Background

Educational Institution

Place of residence (city, province, town)

Marital status

Economic status (Household income

above 30,000 or below 30,000)

Language spoken

Religious Affiliations/belief

B. Topic is considered as the focal point of speech, which can be determined

once the purpose (inform, entertain, persuade) is already set. Sipacio & Balgos
(2016) named different strategies to use in selecting a topic, such as using
your personal experiences, discussing your family members or friends, free
writing, listing, asking questions, or semantic webbing. The topic must be
narrowed down by making the main idea more specific.

Topic Study habits

Specific topic Developing study habits of Grade 11 learners

C. Data gathering is the period of collecting information and ideas from

different sources and references. It can be done by browsing the web, visiting
a library or conducting a survey or an interview.

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D. Writing patterns (logical organizations) are structures that will help
organize the gathered data or related ideas to the topic. Here are the examples
of writing patterns that best suits your topic and/or purpose.

Pattern Description

Biographical The pattern that presents descriptions of a

person’s life.

Categorical/Topical This present related category supporting the

topic. Its goal is to create chunks of
information that go together to help support
original specific purpose.

Causal It presents cause-effect relationship.

Chronological The pattern that presents the idea in time

order in which item appears whether
backward or forward.

Comparison/Contrast This present comparison/contrast of two or

three points.

Problem-solution In this pattern, the problem, its causes and

recommended solutions are identified.

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 What’s More

Plan a speech to be delivered in your community. Fill in the details in

the columns with the ideas you have decided on. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

A. Conduct an Audience Analysis

Audience Analysis
Age Range
Male-Female Ratio
Educational Background
Educational Institution
Place of residence (city, province, town)
Marital status
Economic status (Household income
above 30,000 or below 30,000)
Language spoken
Religious Affiliations/belief

B. Identify the topic and specific topic.

Selecting a topic

Topic

Specific

C. Describe how you will gather data.

D. Identify the speech writing pattern (logical organization) you will use.
Writing pattern (logical organization)

Pattern

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 What I Have Learned

Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this module by

completing the chart below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

I learned that …

What new
concepts did you ________________________________________
learn after taking _________________________________________
_________________________________________
up this module?
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

Activity 1
Interview one speech writer in your community about their experiences
in conducting audience analysis and selecting writing patterns. Make a
written report about his/her responses. Write your report on a separate sheet
of paper.

Interviewee: __________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

Activity 2

You’ve been tasked to deliver a series of speeches on the status of

President Duterte’s war on drugs. Your audience consists of politicians,
religious leaders, activists and student leaders. How would you adjust your
speech contents for each of the audience? How does this diversity of audience
change the rhetorical question? Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

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 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. “Explaining the possible effects of too much alcohol drinking to one’s

health”. This statement exemplified _____________ speech writing
pattern.
a. problem-solution
b. causal
c. chronological
d. categorical/topical
2. Which of the following is NOT linked with demography?
a. size
b. economic status
c. nationality
d. age range
3. The following are known writing patterns EXCEPT:
a. comparison/contrast
b. casual
c. categorical
d. chronological
4. “Sipacio & Balgos (2016) named different strategies to use in __________
a topic, such as using your personal experiences, discussing your
family members or friends, free writing, listing, asking questions, or
semantic webbing.” Identify the missing word to complete the
statement.
a. organizing
b. selecting
c. arranging
d. writing

5. Which of the following statements falls under Chronological pattern?

a. Explaining why Cagayan is more affected by typhoon Ulysses
than Nueva Ecija
b. Why community members should promote the program “reduce,
reuse and recycle”
c. Describing the events before, during, and after typhoon Quinta
d. Explaining the reasons for supporting the government’s program

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6. Time, venue, occasion, and size are examples of ____________.
a. demography
b. psychology
c. situation
d. none of the above

7. This pattern presents cause-effect relationships.

a. comparison/contrast
b. causal
c. categorical
d. chronological

8. It is the process of collecting ideas and information from known

sources.
a. selecting a topic
b. data gathering
c. selecting writing patterns
d. arranging information

9. This term is considered as “the focal point of your speech”.

a. topic
b. audience
c. purpose
d. data gathered

10. This can be done by browsing the web, visiting a library or conducting
a survey or an interview.
a. selecting a topic
b. data gathering
c. selecting writing patterns
d. arranging information

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 Additional Activities

Activity 1

Read each word(s) below and evaluate where it belongs. Write

demography, situation or psychology on a separate sheet of paper.

1. age range 6. economic status

2. time 7. values

3. male-female ratio 8. occasion

4. attitudes 9. racial ideologies

5. size 10. preferences

Activity 2

Match the following terms in Column A with the correct definition in

Column B. Write the letter of the correct answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

1. Categorical a. presents descriptions of a

person’s life
2. Chronological
b. present related category
3. Comparison/Contrast supporting the topic. Its goal is to
create chunks of information that
4. Problem-solution
go together to help support original
5. Causal specific purpose
c. presents cause-effect
6. Biographical
relationship
d. presents the idea in time order in
which item appears whether
backward or forward
e. presents comparison/contrast of
two or three points
f. displays the problem; its causes
and recommended solutions are
identified

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What I Know What's More
1. C Answers may vary Additional Activities
2. B Activity 1
3. B What I have Learned 1. demography
4. B Answers may vary 2. situation
5. C 3. demography
What I Can Do 4. psychology
What’s In Activity 1 5. situation
1. manuscript Answers may vary 6. demography
2. memorized Activity 2 7. psychology
3. manuscript Answers may vary 8. situation
4. impromptu 9. psychology
5. impromptu Assessment 10. psychology
6. extemporaneous 1. B
7. memorized 2. A Activity 2
8. impromptu 3. B 1.B
9. extemporaneous 4. B 2. D
10. manuscript 5. C 3. E
6. C 4. F
7. B 5. C
8. B 6. A
9. A
10. B
Answer Key
References
Books:
Sipacio, Philippe John, and Balgos, Ane Richie. 2016. Oral Communication
in Context. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc.

Website Resources:
Schmitz, Andy. 2012. “Stand Up, Speak Out: The Practice and Ethics of
Public Speaking”. https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_stand-up-
speak-out-the-practice-and-ethics-of-public-speaking/index.html.
November 15, 2020

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