REVIEW FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION

Action Research

Topics for Review

A. Understanding Action Research
B. Data Collection Techniques
C. Action Planning for Educational Change
D. Basic Education Research Agenda

Practice Test

1. Which of the following is the best definition of action research?

A. A qualitative research method used to develop theories and hypotheses
B. A quantitative research method used to test hypotheses and prove theories
C. A method of inquiry that involves a cyclic process of planning, acting, observing, and
reflecting in order to improve practice
D. A form of participatory research that involves collecting data from a large sample of
participants

2. What is the primary goal of action research?

A. To generate new knowledge about a particular topic
B. To test pre-existing theories and hypotheses
C. To improve practice in a particular setting
D. To compare different interventions or treatments

3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of action research?

A. Collaboration between researchers and practitioners
B. An emphasis on practical problem-solving
C. A focus on understanding the social and cultural context of the research problem
D. An emphasis on developing generalizable knowledge

4. Which of the following is the first stage in the action research process?
A. Planning
B. Acting
C. Observing
D. Reflecting

5. What is the purpose of the planning stage in the action research process?
A. To develop a research question
B. To collect data
C. To implement an intervention or change
D. To analyze data

6. Which of the following is the best definition of reflective practice?

A. The process of critically analyzing one's own practice in order to improve it
B. The process of comparing one's practice to a predetermined standard
C. The process of collecting data in order to test a hypothesis
D. The process of generating new knowledge about a particular topic

7. Which of the following is an example of a research question in action research?

A. What is the prevalence of depression among college students?
B. Does a new teaching strategy improve student learning outcomes?
 C. What are the causes of income inequality in the United States?
D. How can we improve communication between teachers and parents?

8. Which of the following is an example of a data collection method in action research?

A. A survey of a representative sample of the population
B. A randomized controlled trial
C. An ethnographic study
D. A focus group of practitioners

9. What is the purpose of the acting stage in the action research process?
A. To analyze data
B. To develop a research question
C. To implement an intervention or change
D. To reflect on practice

10. Which of the following is the final stage in the action research process?
A. Planning
B. Acting
C. Observing
D. Reflecting

11. What is the main purpose of data analysis in action research?

A. To prove or disprove a hypothesis
B. To generate new theories or concepts
C. To make sense of the data that has been collected
D. To compare different interventions or treatments

12. Which of the following is NOT a common method of data analysis in action research?
A. Quantitative analysis
B. Content analysis
C. Grounded theory analysis
D. Case study analysis

13. What is the purpose of triangulation in data analysis?

A. To ensure that the data is accurate and reliable
B. To generate new theories or concepts
C. To compare different interventions or treatments
D. To identify patterns and themes in the data

14. Which of the following is an example of quantitative data analysis?

A. Coding interview transcripts for themes
B. Analyzing survey responses using statistical software
C. Conducting a literature review to identify relevant theories
D. Observing classroom interactions and taking field notes

15. What is the purpose of coding in data analysis?

A. To assign a numerical value to each data point
B. To organize and categorize the data
C. To generate new theories or concepts
D. To compare different interventions or treatments

16. Which of the following is an example of a qualitative data analysis method?

A. Regression analysis
 B. Chi-square analysis
C. Phenomenological analysis
D. Factor analysis

17. Which of the following is an example of a mixed methods approach to data analysis?
A. Analyzing survey responses using both quantitative and qualitative methods
B. Conducting a literature review to identify relevant theories and concepts
C. Observing classroom interactions and taking field notes
D. Coding interview transcripts for themes

18. What is the purpose of member checking in data analysis?

A. To ensure that the data is accurate and reliable
B. To generate new theories or concepts
C. To compare different interventions or treatments
D. To identify patterns and themes in the data

19. Which of the following is an example of a data visualization tool that can be used in data
analysis?
A. A regression table
B. A pie chart
C. A correlation matrix
D. A statistical significance test

20. Which of the following is an example of a data reduction technique?

A. Conducting a literature review to identify relevant theories and concepts
B. Observing classroom interactions and taking field notes
C. Coding interview transcripts for themes
D. Analyzing survey responses using statistical software

21. What is the primary purpose of action planning in educational change?

A. To identify and analyze problems in the educational system.
B. To develop solutions and interventions to improve the educational system.
C. To evaluate the effectiveness of implemented changes.
D. To assign blame for problems in the educational system.

22. Which of the following is NOT a key element of effective action planning?
A. Clearly defined goals and objectives.
B. Adequate financial resources and funding.
C. Detailed timelines and action steps.
D. Comprehensive report on the problem.

23. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a SMART goal?

A. Specific
B. Measurable
C. Abstract
D. Time-bound

24. What is the purpose of a logic model in action planning?

A. To provide a visual representation of the action plan.
B. To identify the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of the action plan.
C. To evaluate the effectiveness of the action plan.
D. To identify the weaknesses in the action plan.
25. Which of the following is NOT a potential barrier to effective action planning?
A. Lack of stakeholder engagement and participation.
B. Insufficient financial and human resources.
C. Too much time and effort spent on planning and not enough on implementation.
D. Over-reliance on a single stakeholder's opinion.

26. Which of the following is an important consideration when selecting an intervention for
educational change?
A. The cost and availability of the intervention.
B. The preferences and opinions of the stakeholders.
C. The evidence base and research supporting the effectiveness of the intervention.
D. The potential to win awards for innovation.

27. What is the purpose of a pilot test in action planning for educational change?
A. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention before full-scale implementation.
B. To test the feasibility and practicality of the action plan.
C. To identify potential barriers and challenges in the implementation process.
D. To terminate the intervention if it is not successful.

28. Which of the following is NOT a potential outcome of successful action planning for
educational change?
A. Improved student achievement and performance.
B. Increased teacher workload and stress.
C. Enhanced collaboration and communication among stakeholders.
D. Higher teacher salaries.

29. What is the purpose of a sustainability plan in action planning for educational change?
A. To ensure the continued success and effectiveness of the intervention.
B. To terminate the intervention and move on to the next action plan.
C. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.
D. To establish a timeline for the intervention that is unrealistic.

30. Which of the following is an important component of effective action planning leadership
in educational change?
A. Controlling and dictating the action plan process.
B. Collaborating and engaging with stakeholders throughout the process.
C. Focusing on short-term goals and outcomes rather than long-term sustainability.
D. Assigning blame for failures during the action planning process.

31. What is DO 39, S. 2016?

A. A policy on the adoption of the K-12 curriculum
B. A policy on the adoption of the Basic Education Research Agenda
C. A policy on the adoption of the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education
D. A policy on the adoption of the Senior High School program

32. What is the main objective of the Basic Education Research Agenda?
A. To improve the quality of education in the Philippines
B. To provide funding for education research
C. To establish a research center for education studies
D. To develop a new curriculum for basic education

33. What are the components of the Basic Education Research Agenda?
A. Basic Education Research Fund and Research Priorities
 B. Research Centers and Research Institutes
C. Basic Education Curriculum and Teacher Training
D. Student Performance Monitoring and Assessment

34. What is the Basic Education Research Fund?

A. A fund for the development of new schools
B. A fund for the training of teachers
C. A fund for the conduct of education research
D. A fund for the improvement of school facilities

35. Who is responsible for the implementation of the Basic Education Research Agenda?
A. Department of Education (DepEd)
B. Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
C. Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
D. National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)

36. What is the role of the Research Priorities in the Basic Education Research Agenda?
A. To identify areas of research that will improve the quality of education
B. To provide guidelines for the conduct of education research
C. To allocate funding for research projects
D. To establish research centers and institutes

37. What is the significance of the Basic Education Research Agenda in the education
system?
A. It ensures that education policies and programs are evidence-based
B. It provides funding for education research
C. It establishes new schools and education facilities
D. It replaces the K-12 curriculum with a new one

38. How does the Basic Education Research Agenda contribute to the improvement of
teaching and learning?
A. By identifying research priorities that address teaching and learning challenges
B. By providing funding for teacher training programs
C. By establishing new schools and hiring more teachers
D. By developing a new curriculum that is more effective than the K-12 curriculum

39. What is the Research Institutes component of the Basic Education Research Agenda?
A. Centers that conduct research on various aspects of basic education
B. Institutions that provide training for education researchers
C. Organizations that implement research projects funded by the government
D. Groups that advocate for the adoption of evidence-based policies in education

40. What is the purpose of the Basic Education Research Agenda?

A. To provide a framework for education research in the Philippines
B. To establish a new curriculum for basic education
C. To improve the quality of education through evidence-based policies
D. To provide funding for the construction of new schools

Answer Key

1. C. A method of inquiry that involves a cyclic process of planning, acting, observing, and
reflecting in order to improve practice. Action research is a cyclical process that involves
 planning, acting, observing, and reflecting in order to improve practice. It is a form of
inquiry that is particularly useful for practitioners who wish to improve their own practice
in a particular context.

2. C. To improve practice in a particular setting. The primary goal of action research is to

improve practice in a particular setting. It is a form of research that is particularly useful
for practitioners who wish to address a practical problem or issue in their own context.

3. D. An emphasis on developing generalizable knowledge. Action research is often

criticized for its lack of generalizability. While it can generate useful insights and
knowledge for practitioners, it is not typically designed to produce generalizable findings
that can be applied across contexts.

4. A. Planning. The action research process begins with planning, which involves
identifying a problem or issue, developing a research question, and determining an
appropriate data collection method.

5. C. To implement an intervention or change. The purpose of the planning stage in the

action research process is to develop an intervention or change that will address the
problem or issue that has been identified.

6. A. The process of critically analyzing one's own practice in order to improve it.
Reflective practice is the process of critically analyzing one's own practice in order to
improve it. It involves reflecting on one's experiences, beliefs, and assumptions in order
to develop a deeper understanding of one's practice.

7. D. How can we improve communication between teachers and parents? A research

question in action research should be focused on a practical problem or issue that is
relevant to the context in which the research is being conducted. Improving
communication between teachers and parents is an example of a practical problem that
could be addressed through action research.

8. D. A focus group of practitioners. Data collection in action research typically involves

gathering qualitative data through methods such as interviews, focus groups, and
observation. A focus group of practitioners would be an appropriate data collection
method for action research.

9. C. To implement an intervention or change. The purpose of the acting stage in the action
research process is to implement the intervention or change that was developed in the
planning stage.

10. D. Reflecting. The final stage of the action research process is reflecting, which involves
analyzing and interpreting the data that was collected in order to identify what worked
well and what could be improved. This stage also involves reflecting on the overall
process of the action research project in order to identify what was learned and how the
process could be improved in the future.

11. C. To make sense of the data that has been collected. The main purpose of data analysis
in action research is to make sense of the data that has been collected. This involves
organizing and interpreting the data in order to identify patterns, themes, and
relationships.
12. A. Quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis is a common method of data analysis in
many fields, but it is less commonly used in action research. Other common methods of
data analysis in action research include qualitative methods such as content analysis,
grounded theory analysis, and case study analysis.

13. A. To ensure that the data is accurate and reliable. Triangulation is the use of multiple
methods or sources of data to ensure that the data is accurate and reliable. This can
involve using different methods of data collection, such as interviews, observations, and
surveys, as well as using different sources of data, such as documents, artifacts, and
records.

14. B. Analyzing survey responses using statistical software. Quantitative analysis often
involves analyzing numerical data using statistical software. This can include analyzing
survey responses using tools such as SPSS or Excel.

15. B. To organize and categorize the data. Coding is a method of organizing and
categorizing qualitative data. This involves assigning codes or labels to different sections
of the data in order to identify patterns and themes.

16. C. Phenomenological analysis. Phenomenological analysis is a qualitative method of data

analysis that focuses on the meaning and interpretation of experiences. Other examples of
qualitative data analysis methods include narrative analysis, discourse analysis, and
ethnography.

17. A. Analyzing survey responses using both quantitative and qualitative methods. A mixed
methods approach to data analysis involves using both quantitative and qualitative
methods to analyze the data. This can involve analyzing survey responses using both
numerical and descriptive data, or using qualitative methods to explore the meaning and
interpretation of the data.

18. A. To ensure that the data is accurate and reliable. Member checking is a method of
ensuring that the data is accurate and reliable. This involves sharing the data with
participants or other stakeholders in order to get their feedback and validation.

19. B. A pie chart. Data visualization tools such as pie charts, bar graphs, and line graphs can
be used to represent data visually and make it easier to interpret.

20. C. Coding interview transcripts for themes. Data reduction techniques involve
simplifying and summarizing the data in order to make it easier to analyze. Coding
interview transcripts for themes is an example of a data reduction technique, as it
involves identifying and categorizing different sections of the data in order to identify
patterns and themes.

21. B. To develop solutions and interventions to improve the educational system. Action
planning involves identifying solutions and interventions to address problems in the
educational system.

22. D. Comprehensive report on the problem. While a comprehensive report on the problem
is important, it is not a key element of effective action planning. The other options are all
key elements of effective action planning.

23. C. Abstract. SMART goals are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-
bound. Abstract goals are not specific enough to be considered SMART.
24. B. To identify the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of the action plan. A logic model is a
visual representation of the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of an action plan.

25. D. Over-reliance on a single stakeholder's opinion. While stakeholder engagement and

participation, insufficient resources, and too much time spent on planning are potential
barriers to effective action planning, over-reliance on a single stakeholder's opinion is not
listed as a potential barrier in the chapter.

26. C. The evidence base and research supporting the effectiveness of the intervention. When
selecting an intervention for educational change, it is important to consider the evidence
base and research supporting the effectiveness of the intervention.

27. A. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention before full-scale implementation. A

pilot test is a small-scale implementation of an intervention to evaluate its effectiveness
before full-scale implementation.

28. B. Increased teacher workload and stress. Increased teacher workload and stress is not a
potential outcome of successful action planning. The other options are all potential
outcomes of successful action planning.

29. A. To ensure the continued success and effectiveness of the intervention. A sustainability
plan is a plan for ensuring the continued success and effectiveness of an intervention.

30. B. Collaborating and engaging with stakeholders throughout the process. Effective action
planning leadership involves collaborating and engaging with stakeholders throughout
the process, not controlling and dictating the process, focusing on short-term goals, or
assigning blame for failures.

31. B. A policy on the adoption of the Basic Education Research Agenda. DO 39, S. 2016 is
a policy on the adoption of the Basic Education Research Agenda. It aims to strengthen
the education system through research and evidence-based policies.

32. A. To improve the quality of education in the Philippines. The main objective of the
Basic Education Research Agenda is to improve the quality of education in the
Philippines. This is done through research on teaching and learning, curriculum
development, assessment, and other relevant areas.

33. A. Basic Education Research Fund and Research Priorities. The two main components of
the Basic Education Research Agenda are the Basic Education Research Fund, which
provides funding for research, and the Research Priorities, which identify areas of
research that are relevant to the education sector.

34. C. A fund for the conduct of education research. The Basic Education Research Fund is a
fund for the conduct of education research. This is used to finance research projects that
aim to improve teaching and learning, curriculum development, assessment, and other
relevant areas.

35. A. Department of Education (DepEd). The Department of Education (DepEd) is

responsible for the implementation of the Basic Education Research Agenda. This
includes the allocation of funds, identification of research priorities, and monitoring of
research activities.
36. A. To identify areas of research that will improve the quality of education. The Research
Priorities in the Basic Education Research Agenda aim to identify areas of research that
will improve the quality of education in the Philippines. This is done by prioritizing
research projects that address teaching and learning challenges, curriculum development,
assessment, and other relevant areas.

37. A. It ensures that education policies and programs are evidence-based. The Basic
Education Research Agenda is significant in the education system because it ensures that
education policies and programs are evidence-based. This means that decisions are made
based on research and data, which leads to more effective policies and programs.

38. A. By identifying research priorities that address teaching and learning challenges. The
Basic Education Research Agenda contributes to the improvement of teaching and
learning by identifying research priorities that address teaching and learning challenges.
This means that research is conducted on topics that are relevant to the education sector,
which leads to more effective teaching and learning practices.

39. A. Centers that conduct research on various aspects of basic education. The Research
Institutes component of the Basic Education Research Agenda refers to centers that
conduct research on various aspects of basic education. This includes research on
teaching and learning, curriculum development, assessment, and other relevant areas.

40. A. To provide a framework for education research in the Philippines. The purpose of the
Basic Education Research Agenda is to provide a framework for education research in
the Philippines. This means that it aims to guide the education sector in conducting
research that is relevant to the needs of the country and the sector.