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CHAPTER II

RESEARCH METHODS

This chapter shows the research method of the study. These include the

research design, participants, sampling procedure, ethical consideration, and data

collection procedure, instruments, and data analysis.

Research Design

Concerning the main purpose of the study, a survey design was used. A survey

design is used when “investigators administer a survey to a sample or to the entire

population to describe the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the

population” (Creswell 2012). A survey was the tool used to collect the data from the

Elementary Learners which is the Grade 3 Learners. The design was preferred

because the study is focused on Elementary Learners’ preference and their

perceptions.

Participants

For the purpose of this study, one selected school in Iligan City, Region X

Philippines, was selected as the site of interest. Iligan City Central School is located in

the northern coast of Mindanao facing Iligan Bay, bounded in the north by the

province of Misamis Oriental, in the east by the provinces of Bukidnon and Lanao del

Sur and in the south by the province of Lanao Del Norte - Iligan City. The population

of this study were the Grade 3 Learners from Iligan City Central School. Using the

purposive sampling, sixty (60) learners who served as the respondents are between the

age range of 8-11 years old. There are 36 respondents who were Female and 22
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respondents who were Male. Out of 60 respondents, there were 40 respondents who

speaks Bisaya as their language used at home.

Procedure

The research was conducted in the area where different languages were used.

Therefore, the researcher selected a public primary school in Iligan City - Iligan City

Central School, that would be taken as a sample purposely. From the school’s

population, the Grade 3 learners were selected respectively as research sample. The

researchers used purposive sampling in selecting the respondents where it focuses on

the Grade 3 learners who participated the study.

Ethical Consideration

The assent form and consent form were given to the respondents a day before

gathering the data, they were instructed to give it to their parents to formally asked

their permission if they are allowed to participate on the said study. Researchers

explained the further instruction to the respondents. They were assured that

information provided will be confidential, names will not be disclosed and whatever

the result is will not have any adverse effect on them. This study was only assessed

the Perceptions and Preference on the use of Mother Tongue among Elementary Male

and Female Learners.

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Data Collection Procedure

Before the study was conducted, the researchers wrote a letter to the Schools

Division Superintendent seeking permission to conduct the survey. Approved letter

requests were then forwarded to the school principal to formally conduct the survey.

The researcher visited the school of study, asked the permission of the

principal of the school, and thereafter went straight to participants to explain and

distribute the assent and consent form with the help of their class advisers. After the

parents have signed the forms, it was taken immediately by the researchers from the

participants. And Iin order to gather data from a large sample of learners, a survey

method was utilized. The survey questionnaire was handled one-on-one to the

respondents, explanations and translations was attached and provided before reading

and answering the survey to ensure that the questionnaire was correctly completed

and understood. The completed questionnaire was collected on the spot after

answering.

Instruments

In order to collect the needed data, answer-guided questionnaires were utilized

in the study as the data gathering instrument and were distributed to the selected

Grade 3 learners. The survey was made in a structured format comprising a set of

statements in Likert scale type questions. The researchers gathered data through an in-

person survey in which the respondents have confirmed participating in the survey
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invitation upon ensuring the confidentiality and security of the respondents' response.

The questionnaire was divided into two parts namely: Part 1, covers the personal

information of the respondents; Part 2, covers questions that will reflect the

perception of the learners on the use of mother tongue and the preference between the

Mother Tongue as Medium of Instruction and English as Medium of Instruction.

The 4-point scale was used to determine the on the use of Mother Tongue

among Elementary Male and Female Learners.

1 - Strongly Agree

2 - Agree

3 - Disagree

4 - Strongly Disagree

Data Analysis

The data was gathered from the Grade 3 learners through the following tool.

For the purpose of this study, Quantitative Data: Likert Scale was used. The data

obtained from the survey were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social

Sciences (SPSS) version 23 for windows evaluation. However, the data collected

from the learner’s questionnaire were first encoded and double-checked. The data was

then analyzed and interpreted using the SPSS in tables. The frequency and percentage

were used in treating the perceptions and preference on the use of mother tongue

among elementary male and female learners.

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