Titanium is the forth abundant metal on earth crust (~0.

86%) after aluminium,

iron and magnesium.

Not found in its free, pure metal form in nature but as oxides, i.e., ilmenite
(FeTiO3) and rutile (TiO2).

Rutile (TiO2) Ilmenite (FeTiO3)

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korozyon ve deformasyon yeteneklerinin

mukavemet ve ile titanyumun
teknolojik daha da ve amaca uygun
ile olur.

Titanyum teknik malzemelere genel

:

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 titanyum metalinin belirtilen teknik
ile daha da yine de
optimum :

Belirtilen iyi elastisite nispeten

ve bilhassa N, O, H gibi elementlerin - - (arayer
halinde) eriyerek yol tehlikesini, bu malzeme
grubunun olarak zikretmek gerekir.

Belirtilen teknolojik titanyum Al Korozyon ve

engelleyen esas mahsuru - - mukavemetlerinin ile
maliyetinden . Al- bile titanyum alanlardaki
teknik ve uzay sanayisinde)
.
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Saf Titanyum
Saf titanyum oda korozyon sahipken,
Titanyumun, malzeme bilimi ve teknik ise tam tersine reaksiyon kabiliyeti .
bir demir kristali gibi, halde faz
:
ise ( 400 oC) Ti oksitlenir. N, O,
H, C gibi elementler Ti- kristalleri arayer halinde, taraftan, N, O ve C elementlerinin olarak
oranda eriyerek yol : -tokluk ve deformasyon da olsa- benzeri
mekanizmalarla oranda mukavemet eldesi (
elementlerin saf titanyum - - toplam %1 ile 3
mertebesinde mukavemet ).

Yine demir malzemelerde gibi, bu (T )

elementlerinin cinsi ve ve ile . Bu teknik
.

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olmak kalay ve azot gibi elementler - var

, (T ) .
geciktiren Al, Sn, N ve O gibi elementlere -
stabilize eden elementler denir

Bu - sahip olanlar (Ti- gibi)

oda stabil, tek
esas alan bir mukavemet yoluna gidilmez.

- ile gidilebilirse de
(martenzitik ) bu kaydedilemezken,
etkisi mahzurludur.

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 Belirtilen metallerden Cu- - (ve
etkisi, Ti- N veya C-etkisiyle benzerlik .

- Ti- - 300 oC'a kadar, daha

mukavemet ve daha deformasyon
sahiptirler. Ancak nispeten oranda V, Mo gibi
metal mukavemetleri ; - Ti-
tercih nedeni ve teknik olur.
TiV13Cr11Al3 ( ve
mukavemet, eriyik halinde deformasyon ) ve
belirtilen nedenlerle .

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Ti- -
s

Ti-Cu (Cu)- olarak Cu-eritme

ve Ti2Cu-intermetalik faz
hareketle, bilinen ile tarif
edilen mekanizmalar harekete ; mukavemet :

alma ( ve ) ile ( ve i)
parametreleri, 2 ve bir etmesi
ile, .

Elde edilebilecek ise birlikte

olup, Al- nispetinde
, daha .
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 Ancak olan bir , yine V, Mo, Cr gibi -
dengeleyici elementlerinin olarak martenzit
MS- . Belirtilen elementlerinin belli bir orandan fazla
halinde, malzeme bile oda martenzit
tamamlanmayacak, gibi (restostenit),
-faz kalabilecektir.

Ti- - -faz
, gevrek -
meyli konusudur. Bu 425 oC bir
suretiyle .

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gerektiren yerleri bu
ile ( mukavemet)
. Ancak Ti ve zaten olan
mukavemetin ile
elde edilen mertebesinde beklenmemelidir. Bu
Ti- Al- gibi
zorunlu bir olarak . Ek bir ekonomik getirecek
ancak, Ti- yerine, beklenen
fonksiyona malzeme kombinasyonu),
optimum bir arz ediyorsa .

Ti- incelenmeden ek
ek masraflar, ancak beklentiler
: mukavemet eldesi,
gibi.

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Otomotiv Sanayinde Titanyum

The attractive characteristics (e.g., high strength, low density, and excellent corrosion
resistance), of titanium offer many potential applications in racing cars, specialty
vehicles and family automobiles - both in the engine/drive-train and in the body/chassis.

In these applications, titanium offers the potential for weight saving often with
performance improvements, when substituted for alloy or stainless steels.
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The enhanced performance desired from use of titanium in racing car applications
significantly overrides the increased cost. For the high performance road automobile, the
same argument can be made, but is more difficult to justify. For the family automobile,
price reigns supreme.

For a number of years, racing-car engine builders have chosen titanium for reduced-weight
valves and connecting rods because of the performance improvements from torque and
power output and reduced deflection of associated components.

Titanium is also the material of choice in mufflers and exhaust header pipes for racing
motorcycles.

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Production passenger automobile components which could benefit from use of titanium
include engine valves, connecting rods and valve spring retainers, and valve springs.
In the family automobile, use of titanium would enable designs to achieve fuel economy
(due to improved power-train efficiency or vehicle weight reduction), reduced engine noise
and vibration, and improved durability due to reduced component loads.

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The first use of titanium in an albeit high end production automobile was for connecting
rods in the Acura NSX V-6. Other notable applications, also in Japan, are titanium valves in
the 1998 Japanese car of the year, the Toyota Altezza and titanium gear shift knobs, in Titanyum Yaylar
Honda's S2000 Roadster , and Acura's Integra Type R's. In Europe, Ferrari, and starting in
1999 Porche, have adopted titanium connecting rods in series production models. Titanyum sayesinde yaylarda ve yer .
Titanyum yaylar 60-70% daha hafif ve daha .

Titanyum yerden ve motordaki

mekanik de tespit . motor verimi, daha az
ses ve ..

- Yer ve .

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Titanyum Yay Malzemeleri

Ti-6Al-4V and other alpha-beta alloys.

Ti-4.5Fe-6.8Mo-1.5Al alloy (Timetal LCB) (otomotiv maliyeti daha

Titanium Exhaust Systems

In the US, the environmental agencies now require guaranteed corrosion resistance on
exhaust systems to upwards of 100,000 miles. Titanium easily achieves this requirement
and surpasses the stainless steel (409) systems currently in place. A typical expansion box
and tail pipe in 409 steel weighed 10 kg. A redesign with titanium reduced this to 3.2 kg!
(This is 6-8 kg weight saving)

Commercially pure titanium sheet and tube are the materials of choice for silencers, and
pipework.

Titanium may not be suitable for the entire system, and in practice will most probably be
limited to components in which the metal temperature does not exceed 400 C for
sustained periods of time. US units coupled immediately behind the catalytic converter
continue to perform well.

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