Formation evaluation lab.

Porosity
Group (3)
Muneer Allawi Raheem
Mohammed Katea Khalaf
Ghassan Jassem Karim
Ali Hamid Zghair
Shaker Hammadi Kazem

20/3/2023
Outlines

• Introduction
• Density log
• Sonic log
• Neutron log
• effective porosity
• Discussion
• References
Introduction

Well log is one of the most fundamental methods for reservoir

characterization, in oil and gas industry, it is an essential method for
geoscientist to acquire more knowledge about the condition below
the surface by using physical properties of rocks. This method is very
useful to detect hydrocarbon bearing zone, calculate the hydrocarbon
volume, and many others. Some approaches are needed to
characterize reservoir, by using well log data, now we use it is to
calculate the following :-
■ porosity (φ)
• Density log

Where:
• ϕdensity is the final interpreted porosity from the density log, fraction
• ρma is the matrix density (from the Actual Density)gm/cc
• ρb is bulk density from density log gm/cc
• ρf is the density of the fluid measured in the laboratory, gm/cc
• Interpretation :
• Before 3045 : Low porosity (poor reservoir properties) .
• 3046-3065 : Very high porosity (Shale Zone) .
• 3066-3130 : Good porosity (Reservoir Zone) .
• After that : Low porosity .
Sonic Log
there are several ways to interpret the sonic log
measurements. One of the most common interpretation
formulae is the Wyllie Time-Average Equation:

Where:
• ϕsl is the porosity from the sonic log (log measurement) ,
fraction
• Δtsl is value of the acoustic transit time measured by the
sonic log, μsec/ft
• Δtma is value of the acoustic transit time of the rock matrix
measured in the laboratory, μsec/ft
• Δtf is value of the acoustic transit time saturating fluid
measured in the laboratory, μsec/ft
Interpretation
• Before 3045 : Low porosity (poor reservoir properties) .
• 3046-3065 : Very high readings (Shale Zone) .
• 3066-3130 : Good reading (Reservoir Zone) .
• After that : Low porosity .
• Sonic log measure primary porosity .
• Primary porosity :
Neutron Log
• Without formula …
• The porosity directly taken .
• Measure effective porosity .
• Interpretation :
• Before 3045 : Low porosity (poor reservoir
properties) .
• 3046-3065 : Very high readings (Shale Zone) .
• 3066-3130 : Good reading (Reservoir Zone) .
• After that : Low porosity .
effective porosity
Discussion

• As mentioned throughout the discussion on porosity logging, due to

the various wellbore and formation conditions encountered during
the logging operations (i.e., real conditions, as opposed to laboratory
conditions) many corrections may be required to get a good
interpretation from the different well logs. In addition, the logs are
typically evaluated together to aid in the interpretation. Finally, if core
data are available from a well, then the core derived porosity is used
to calibrate the logging tools.
• All readings are equal in porosity logs .
References
1. PNG 301: Introduction to Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering | PNG 301: Introduction to Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering (psu.edu)