SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

a. Nominal
(+) S + be + Non Verb (adjective/noun/adverb of place)
I am friendly. (adjective)
[He/She/It] is a creature. (noun)
[We/You/They] are at home. (adverb of place)

(-) S + be + not + NV
I am not friendly. (I’m not friendly.)
[He/She/It] is not/isn’t a creature. (He/She/It’s not a creature.)
[We/You/They] are not/aren’t at home. (We/You/They’re not at home.)

(?) Be + S + NV?
Am I friendly?
Is [he/she/it] a creature?
Are [we/you/they] at home?

Replies:
Yes I am. or No, I am not.
Yes, he/she/it is. or No, he/she/it is not.
Yes, we/you/they are. or No, we/you/they are not.

(WH?) QW + be + S + ... ?
Who are you?
What is this?
When are you at home?

(Tag) S + be + NV, be + not + S?

S + be + not + NV, be + S?
He is a creature, isn’t he?
We are not at home, are we?

b. Verbal
(+) S + V1 (+s/es)
[I/you/We/They] speak a lot.
[He/She/It] speaks a lot.

(-) S + do/does + not + V1

[I/you/We/They] do not/don’t speak a lot.
[He/She/It] does not/doesn’t speak a lot.

(?) Do/Does + S + V1?

Do [I/you/we/they] speak a lot?
Does [he/she/it] speak a lot?

Drs. Heru S. Tjandrawidjaja Page 1 of 2

3 Nov 2020 @ 0311
 Replies:
Yes, I/you/we/they do. or No, I/you/we/they do not.
Yes, he/she/it does. or No, he/she/it does not.

(WH?) Who/What + V1+s/es + O ?

Who speaks a lot?
What makes him speak a lot?

QW + do/does + S + V1?
When does he speak a lot?
How do you speak?

(Tag) S + V1, don’t + S?

S + do not + V1, do + S?
I speak a lot, don’t I?
We do not speak a lot, do we?

S + V1+s/es, doesn’t + S?
S + does not + V1, does + S?
He speaks a lot, doesn’t he?
She does not speak, does she?

c. Markers:
1. Nominal: now, right now, at the moment, at present
2. Adverb of frequency: always, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, hardly ever,
never
3. every day/week, in the morning/afternoon, on Sunday(s), once in a while

>>> End <<<

Drs. Heru S. Tjandrawidjaja Page 2 of 2

3 Nov 2020 @ 0311