OSHS
OSHSJ
J DSKS
SKS ? 8> XCKI
XCKIFK
FK y`i
`im
m L`r
`rus
us Hfk
Hfkct
ct`l
`lu
uf Rct
ctf`
f`p
p Kai
aisc
scja
jar 
r 

Chfsf ?4

^ciujfs ? Dr`hjcy X. Crearh

^cicrdft ? ^ust`k` ^cj`o`r  

X`lui Xcrdft ? 4>03

0. Xck
cki
ifk Rb`
Rb`jf
jfim
im
Rb`jfim `h`j`l tckfik klusus p`h` kaiscjfim y`im dcrfsfk`i pcrt`iy``i-
 pcrt`iy``i y`im gcgfjfkf o`w`d`i h`j`g dcituk sk`j` ifj`f. Xckifk 
Rb`jfim dcr`s`j h`rf pcihck`t`i Dcl`vfar`j. Baital h`rf Xckifk Rb`jfim
`h`j`l, Kaiscjar
Kaiscjar h`p`t
h`p`t gcim`t`k`i
gcim`t`k`i p`h` sk`j` kc dcr`p` kcp`h` Kaiscjf
tcit`i
tcit`im
m pcr`s``
pcr`s``ii
iiy`
y` tcrl`h`p
tcrl`h`p g`s`j`l
g`s`j`l y`im hf`j`gf
hf`j`gfiy
iy`,
`, gfs`ji
gfs`jiy`
y`
kaiscjar gcim`t`k`i, ‚^`h` Rk`j` 0-0>, hfg`i` `ih` guj`f gcr`s`k`i
gu`j-gu`j kctfk` `ih` gcim`j`gf kcbcg`s`i1‗.

4. Xcki
Xckifk
fk Cxb
Cxbcp
cptf
tfai
aiss
Cxbc
Cxbcpt
ptfa
fai
i `h`j
`h`j`l
`l tc
tcki
kifk
fk klus
klusus
us p`
p`h`
h` ka
kais
iscj
cjfi
fim
m y`
y`im
im dc
dcrf
rfsf
sfk`
k`i
i
 pcimcbu`jf`i tcrl`h`p su`tu g`s`j`l. H`s`r h`rf tckifk Cxbcptfais fif
`h`j`l `h`iy` `sugsf d`lw` scgu` g`s`j`l gcgfjfkf pcimcbu`jf`i y`im
kcguhf
kcguhf`i
`i dfs`
dfs` hfo`hf
hfo`hfk`i
k`i scdu`l
scdu`l sajusf
sajusf.. Xckifk
Xckifk Cxbcpt
Cxbcptfai
faiss df`s`i
df`s`iy`
y`
hfj`kuk`i hcim`i gcj`juf pcibftr``i g`s`j`l, `t`u k`t` j`fiiy` g`s`j`l
y`im h`t`im hfud`l scpcrtf j`y`kiy` su`tu puof`i. Rcd`m`f baital, ‚ ]aw,
D`m`fg`i` `ih` dfs` gcim`t`sf l`j ftu1 ^`h`l`j kcd`iy`k`i ar`im t`k 
g`gpu uituk gcj`kuk`iiy`!‗.

2. Xcki
Xckifk
fk ^ra
^radj
djcg
cg-E
-Ercc
rcc X`j
X`jk 
k 
^radjcg Ercc t`jk `h`j`l tckifk klusus p`h` Kaiscjfim y`im dcrfsk`i
 pcrb`k`p`i scb`r` dcd`s y`im hfj`kuk`i kaiscjf `t`u rck`i kaiscjf y`im
kcgu
kcguhf
hf`i
`i hfpr
hfpras
ascs
cs ajcl
ajcl kais
kaiscj
cjar
ar ui
uitu
tuk
k hf
hf`g
`gdf
dfjj ka
kagp
gpct
ctci
cisf
sf `t
`t`u
`u
 

 patcisfiy`. Xckifk fif h`p`t gcgdcrfk`i kcscgp`t`i kcp`h` kaiscjar 

uituk gcjfl`t `p` y`im hfm`gd`rk`i scar`im Kjfci scd`m`f kcsujft`iiy`,
h`i l`j fif gcguimkfik`i fhcitfefk`sf dcrd`m`f kcku`t`i h`i sugdcr h`y`

y`im hfgfjf
y`im hfgfjfkf
kf kjfci
kjfci y`im
y`im kcj`k
kcj`k h`p`t
h`p`t hfo`hf
hfo`hfk`i
k`i su`tu
su`tu sajusf
sajusf.. Baital
Baital
 pcrt`iy``i ugp`i h`j`g tckifk fif `h`j`l, ‗Bad` bcrft`k`i jcdfl d`iy`k 
tcit`im hfrf `ih`‗ s`gp`f kjfci g`gpu gcibcrft`k`i l`j-l`j pasftfe y`im
hfgfjfkfiy`.

8. Xcki
Xckifk
fk Gfr`b
Gfr`bjc
jc Pucs
Pucstf
tfai
ai
Gfr`b
Gfr`bjc
jc Pucs
Pucstf
tfai
ai `t`u
`t`u pc
pcrt`
rt`iy
iy``
``i
i `o
`o`f
`fd
d `h
`h`j
`j`l
`l tc
tcki
kifk
fk kl
klus
usus
us p`
p`h`
h`
kais
kaiscj
cjfi
fim
m y`im
y`im dcrf
dcrfsf
sfk`
k`i
i b`r`
b`r` ui
uitu
tuk
k gcg`
gcg`ks
ks`` kj
kjfc
fci
i `m
`m`r
`r h`
h`p`
p`tt
gcgp
gcgpcr
crtfg
tfgd`
d`im
imk`
k`i
i g`t`
g`t`im
im-g`
-g`t`
t`im
im `p
`p`` y`
y`im
im sc
scdc
dci`
i`ri
riy`
y` gcrck
gcrck``

fi
fimf
mfik
ik`i
`i.. Xcki
Xckifk
fk fif
fif df`s`
df`s` hfj`k
hfj`kuk
uk`i
`i ui
uitu
tuk
k gcim
gcimfh
fhci
citf
tfefk
efk`sf
`sf h`
h`i
i
gcgcrfks` pcimcbu`jf`i uituk pcrg`s`j`l`i y`im `h`. Xckifk fif p`h`
h`
h`s`
s`ri
riy`
y` gcic
gcick`
k`ik
ik`i
`i p`
p`h`
h` pc
pcru
rud`
d`l`
l`i
i pc
pcrf
rfj`k
j`ku.
u. V`ft
V`ftu
u hc
hcim
im`i
`i b`r`
b`r`
gcim`sugsfk`i d`lw` ofk` scar`im dcrtfih`k hcim`i b`r` y`im dcrdch`,
g`k` hf` h`p`t dcrpfkfr h`i dcrtfih`k hcim`i b`r` y`im dcrdch` puj`.
Baital pcicr`p`i tckifk fif `h`j`l, ‚Ofk` p`h` l`rf fif `ih` guimkfi
gcim`j
gcim`j`gf
`gf kcbcg`
kcbcg`s`i
s`i k`rci`
k`rci` `ih`
`ih` tfh`k
tfh`k gcimcr
gcimcro`k
o`k`i
`i ^T, bad`
bad` `ih`
`ih`
 d`y`imk`i ofk` `ih` l`rf fif gcimcro`k`i ^T1 H`i bcrft`k`i pcr`s``i
`ih`‗.

3. Xckifk
Xckifk Ej`mmf
Ej`mmfim
im Xlc Gficefc
Gficefcjh
jh
Ej
Ej`m
`mmf
mfim
im tl
tlcc Gfic
Gficefc
efcjh
jh `h
`h`j
`j`l
`l tc
tcki
kifk
fk kl
klus
usus
us p`
p`h`
h` ka
kais
iscj
cjfi
fim
m y`
y`im
im
 dcrfsfk`i dcituk kcp`tul`i p`h` pci`im`i`i h`i pcibcm`l`i
kck`gdul`i y`im hfbfpt`k
`k``i uituk gcgd`itu kjfci uituk 
gcimmcicr`jfs`sfk`i `p` y`im gcrck` pcj`o`rf h`j`g kaiscjfim kc sftu`sf-
sftu`sf hf g`s` gcih`t`im y`im guimkfi `k`i gcrck` l`h`pf. Xckifk fif
 df`s`iy` hfmui`k`i hf `klfr prascs kaiscjfim, pcicr`p`i tckifk fif dcrup`
b`r` kaiscjar gcgd`itu kjfci gcistr`iecr pcgdcj`o`r`i huif` ju`r h`i

kco`hf`i hf g`s` gcih`t`im

 

5. Xcki
Xckifk
fk F-
F-Gc
Gcss
ss`m
`mcs
cs
F-Gcss`m
F-Gcss`mcs
cs `t`u
`t`u pcs`i
pcs`i `ku `h`j`l
`h`j`l tckifk
tckifk klusus
klusus p`h`
p`h` kaiscjf
kaiscjfim
im y`im
y`im

gciyur
gciy urul
ul Kj
Kjfc
fci
i ui
uitu
tuk
k dc
dcrt`
rt`im
immu
muim
im o`
o`w`
w`d
d h`
h`j`g
j`g dc
dcit
ituk
uk pc
pcr`
r`s``
s``i,
i,
 pcrfj`ku `t`u sfk`piy` t`ip` gcifgp`k`i kcs`j`l`i p`h` ar`im j`fi.
^cs`i-`ku oum` gcgd`itu kjfci uituk gciy`h`rf d`lw` f` hftuitut uituk 
gcim`g
gcim`gdfj
dfj tfih`k
tfih`k`i
`i uituk
uituk gcimud
gcimud`l
`l sftu`sf,
sftu`sf, pcs`i-
pcs`i-`ku
`ku oum`
oum` scrfim
scrfim
hfscdu
hfscdutt hcim`i
hcim`i pcs`i t`immuim
t`immuim o`w`d / rcspai
rcspaisfdfjf
sfdfjfty
ty gcss`mc
gcss`mc. Baital
h`rf pcicr`p`i tckifk fif `h`j`l ofk` fihfvfhu gcim`t`k`i, ‚L`j ftu tfh`k 
`k`i tcro`hf j`mf‗, g`k` hf` dfs` hfgfit` uituk gcimud`l
gcimud`l pcriy`t``ii
pcriy`t``iiy`
y`
gcio`hf, ‚R`y` tfh`k `k`i gcgdf`rk`i l`j ftu tcro`hf j`mf‗.

=. Xcki
Xckifk
fk @btf
@btfim
im @s fe 
@btfim @s Fe `t`u dcrtfih`k sc`k`i-`k`i `h`j`l tckifk klusus kaiscjfim
y`im hfh`s`rk`i ajcl pcihck`t`i
pcihck`t`i @hjcrf`i. Xckifk fif gcgcrfit`lk
gcgcrfit`lk`i
`i
kjfc
kjfci
i uitu
uituk
k dcrp
dcrpcr
cr`i
`i h`i
h`i dcrp
dcrpcr
crfj
fj`k
`ku
u sc
sc`k
`k`i
`i-`
-`k`
k`i
i gcrc
gcrck`
k` h`
h`p`
p`tt
gciycj
gciycjcs`f
cs`fk`i
k`i `p` y`im
y`im gcrck`
gcrck` y`kfif
y`kfif tfh`k
tfh`k guimkf
guimkfi
i h`p`t
h`p`t gcrck`
gcrck`
scjcs`fk`i. ^cicr`p`i tckifk fif `h`j`l, Kaiscjar h`p`t gcimfistruksfk`i
kjfci
kjfci uituk
uituk dcr`kt
dcr`ktfim
fim sc`k`i-
sc`k`i-`k`
`k`i
i f` `k`i
`k`i g`gpu
g`gpu uituk
uituk gcj`ku
gcj`kuk`i
k`i
`p`pui y`im hfl`r`pk`iiy` h`p`t hfj`kuk`i. Xckifk fif hfmui`k`i kctfk`
kjfci tfh`k gcgfjfkf kcpcrb`y``i d`lw` hfrfiy` gcgfjfkf kctcr`gpfj`i.

<. Xcki
Xckifk
fk Rpf
Rpftt
ttfi
fim
m fi Raup
Raup
Rpft
Rpfttf
tfim
im fi Raup
Raup `t`u
`t`u gcju
gcjuh`
h`l
l kc
kch`
h`j`
j`g
g Rup
Rup `h
`h`j`
`j`l
l tc
tcki
kifk
fk kl
klus
usus
us
kaiscjfim y`im hfmui`k`i uituk gcgdcrf kcs`h`r`i kcp`h` kjfci `k`i
kcuituim`i h`rf g`s`j`l `t`u pciy`kft y`im hf`j`gfiy`. L`j fif dcrtuou`i
`m`r kjfci gcr`s` tfh`k ci`k k`rci` tcj`l gcj`kuk`i
gcj`kuk`i su`tu pcrfj`ku
pcrfj`ku y`im
scim`o` hfj`kuk`iiy` scd`m`f d`l`i uituk pcrt`l`i`i hfrfiy`. Baitaliy`
scpcrtf pur`-pur` s`kft uituk gcimlfih`rf t`immuim o`w`d. Hfsfif, Rup
y`im hfg`ksuh `h`j`l su`tu pcrfj`ku gciyfgp``im, sclfimm` kctfk` kjfci
 

i`itf gcgutusk`i
gcgutusk`i uituk
uituk gcj`ioutk`i
gcj`ioutk`i pcrfj`kuiy`
pcrfj`kuiy` g`k` hf` `k`i gcr`s`
ftu tfh`k d`fk/ci`k j`mf k`rci` Kaiscjar suh`l gcimct`luf g`s`j`liy`.

6. Xcki
Xckifk
fk Gutu
Gutu`j
`j Rtar
Rtaryt
ytcj
cjjf
jfim
im
Gutu`j
Gutu`j Rtaryt
Rtarytcjj
cjjfim
fim `h`j`l
`h`j`l tckifk
tckifk klusus
klusus p`h`
p`h` kaiscjf
kaiscjfim
im y`im
y`im dcrup`
dcrup`
kcmf`t`i s`jfim gcihaimcim/dcrbcrft` `it`r` kaiscjar h`i kjfci. Rcj`g`
kjfc
kjfci
i sc
sch`
h`im
im gcih
gcihai
aimc
mcim
im,, Kais
Kaiscj
cjar
ar hf
hfl`
l`ru
rusk
sk`i
`i gcib
gcib`t
`t`t
`t ui
uitu
tuk 
k 
gcim`i`jfsfs bcrft`iy`, h`i kaiscjar pui w`ofd gci`iy`k`i pcs`i gar`j
h`rf bcrft` tcrscdut h`i gci`iy`k`i takal y`im hfsuk`f g`upui y`im
tfh`k hfsuk`f. L`j fif dcrtuou`i uituk gcimmcicj`rfsfr g`s`j`l y`im `h`
gcj`juf fiearg`sf y`im hfdcrfk`i scb`r` s`h`r `t`upui tfh`k s`h`r.

0>. Xckifk
Xckifk ^`r`haxfb`j
^`r`haxfb`j Fitcitfai
Fitcitfai
^`r`haxfb`j Fitcitfai `h`j`l tckifk klusus p`h` kaiscjfim y`im dcrfsfk`i
b`r` uituk gciharaim
gciharaim kjfci gcimflktf
gcimflktf`rk`i
`rk`i `p` y`im gcrck` lfih`rf,
lfih`rf,
gcim`i
gcim`iut
ut `p` y`im
y`im gcrck`
gcrck` j`w`i,
j`w`i, h`i gcimm`
gcimm`itf
itfk`i
k`i kct`ku
kct`kut`i
t`iiy`
iy`
gcio`hf l`r`p`i. Hcim`i tckifk fif, kjfci hfpcrfit`lk`i uituk gcjcdfl-
jcdflk`i
jcdflk`i mco`j`iy`.
mco`j`iy`. Baitaliy
Baitaliy`` `h`j`l,
`h`j`l, Rcar`im
Rcar`im kjfci y`im gcim`j`gf
gcim`j`gf
scr`im`i p`ifk h`i t`kut d`lw` hf` dfs` tfd`-tfd` g`tf hfdcrf t`lu uituk 
gcrcj`k`i kcp`ifk`iiy` gcicj`i hfrfiy`.

00. Xckifk
Xckifk Cgpty
Cgpty Bl`fr 
Bl`fr 
Cgpt
Cg pty
y Bl`f
Bl`frr `t`u
`t`u kukurs
rsff ka
kasa
saim
im `h
`h`j
`j`l
`l tckif
tckifk
k p`
p`h`
h` ka
kais
iscj
cjfi
fim
m y`
y`im
im
hfm
hfmui`k`
i`k`i
i uitu
ituk gc
gcib
ibcm
cm`l
`l pcrpc
crpcb`
b`l`
l`i
i `i
`it`
t`r`
r` hu` pfl
fl`k
`k y`i
`im
m
gcim`kfd`tk`i putusiy` luduim`i `it`r` fihfvfhu hcim`i jfimkuim`iiy`.
Xckifk fif dcrfsfk`i b`r` fihfvfhu gcg`fik`i pcr`i d`m`fg`i` kcfimfi`i
gcrck` uituk dcrdfb`r` h`i dcrtfih`k kcp`h` ar`im j`fi. B`r` gcicr`pk`i
tckifk fif `h`j`l, pcrt`g` kjfci hfgfit` uituk gcihcskrfpsfk`i scocj`s-
 ocj`siy` tcit`im ar`im y`im hftuou, kcguhf`i kjfci hfgfit` uituk huhuk 
hfs`j`l s`
s`ttu kursf h`i dcrl`
rl`h`p`i hcim`i kursf kasai
saim h`i

gcgd`y
gcgd`y`im
`imk`i
k`i ar`im
ar`im y`im
y`im hftuou
hftuou huhuk
huhuk hf hf kursf
kursf kasaim
kasaim tcrscdu
tcrscdut.
t.
 

Kcguh
Kcguhf`i
f`i kjfci
kjfci hfgfit
hfgfit`` gcim`t
gcim`t`k`
`k`i
i `p` y`im
y`im fimfi
fimfi hfs`gp
hfs`gp`fk
`fk`ii
`iiy`
y`
kcp`h` kursf kasaim (ar`im y`im hftuou).

04. Xckifk Dahy

Dahy Gavcgcit
Gavcgcit `ih Cx`mmcr`tfai
Dahy Gavcgcit `ih Cx`mmcr`tfai `t`u mcr`k tudul y`im hfjcdfl-jcdflk`i
`h`j`l
`h`j`l scr`imk
scr`imk`f`i
`f`i tckifk
tckifk kl
klusu
ususs kaiscjf
kaiscjfim
im y`im hfmui`k`
hfmui`k`i
i ui
uituk 
tuk 
gcgdcrfk`i kcs`h`r`i kcp`h` kjfci `k`i fsy`r`t-fsy`r`t vcrd`j h`i iai-
vcrd`j
vcrd`j y`im
y`im hfkfrf
hfkfrfgk`
gk`iiy
iiy`` kcp`h`
kcp`h` ar`im
ar`im j`f
j`fi.
i. Baital
Baital h`rf
h`rf pcicr`
pcicr`p`i
p`i
tckifk
tckifk fif `h`j`l
`h`j`l kctfk`
kctfk` kaiscja
kaiscjarr gciyur
gciyurul
ul kjfci
kjfci uituk
uituk gcimuj
gcimuj`im
`imff
 pcrfj`ku vcrd`j h`i iai-vcrd`jiy` s`gp`f kjfci gcj`kuk`iiy` scb`r`
 dcrjcdfl`i h`i gciy`h`rf `k`r h`rf cgasfiy` tcrscdut.

02. Xckifk
Xckifk Tajc Tcvcrs`j
Tcvcrs`j
Tajc Tcvcrs`j `t`u gcgd`jfk
gcgd`jfk pcr`i `h`j`l tckifk klusus p`h` kaiscjfim
y`im
y`im dcr`s`j
dcr`s`j h`rf
h`rf psfkah
psfkahr`g
r`g`` h`i tcarf
tcarf Mcst`j
Mcst`jt.
t. Xckifk
Xckifk fif hfmui`
hfmui`k`i
k`i
kctfk` scar`im Kaiscjar pcrb`y` d`lw` pcrfj`ku kjfci `h`j`l kcd`jfk`i
h`rf pcr`s``i tcrtcitu y`im gcih`s`rfiy`, h`i hcgfkf`i kjfci dcrpcrfj`ku
hcim`i
hcim`i b`r` y`im
y`im tcrput
tcrputus.
us. Xckifk
Xckifk fif hfmui`
hfmui`k`i
k`i kcp`h`
kcp`h` kjfci
kjfci y`im
y`im
sch`im gcim`j`gf kaiejfk `t`u scdu`l pcrpcb`l`i h`j`g hfrfiy`. Hcim`i
 dcrg`fi pcr`i, hfl`r`pk`i kjfci h`p`t gcgpcrtfimmf kcs`h`r`i gcrck`
tcit`im sftu`sfiy`. ^cicr`p`i tckifk fif dcrup` kjfci hfgfit` gcg`fik`i

 pcr`i ar`im j`fi y`im tcrjfd`t hf h`j`g sftu`sfiy`. Hcim`i gcim`gdfj

 pcr`i ar`im j`fi, kjfci dcrkcscgp`t`i gcjfl`t hfrfiy` scihfrf h`rf sftu`sf
h`i pcrspcktfe y`im dcrdch`.

08. Xckifk
Xckifk Ufsu`j / Mufhch
Mufhch Fg`mcry
Ufsu`j
Ufsu`j Fg`mcr
Fg`mcry
y `t`u m`gd`r
m`gd`r`i
`i fg`ofi
fg`ofi`sf
`sf tcrdfg
tcrdfgdfi
dfim
m `h`j`l
`h`j`l s`j`l
s`j`l s`tu
s`tu
tckifk klusus p`h` kaiscjfim y`im hfmui`k`i uituk gcim`t`sf strcss h`i
eadf`. Xckifk fif hfmui`k`i uituk gcim`kscs kcy`kfi`i-kcy`kfi`i kuibf
`t`u fim`t`i-fim`t`i y`im sujft p`h` kjfci. Rcdcjug gcj`ku`k`i tckifk 

fif, p`stfk`i ru`im`i h`j`g kc`h``i tci`im h`i iy`g`i uituk kjfci, h`i
 

lcih`kiy`
lcih`kiy` i`itf kctfk` gcguj`f dcrdfb`r` gcimmui`k
gcimmui`k`i
`i D`l`s` y`im
jcgdut. ^cicr`p`i tckifk fif dcrup` kjfci hfsurul uituk gciutup g`t`
h`i rfjcks gcihcim`rk`i bcrft` `t`upui sumcstf h`rf kaiscjar. Kcguhf`i

 df`rk`i kjfci gcgd`y`imk`iiy`.

gcgd`y`imk`iiy`.

03. Xckifk
Xckifk Hccp Drc`tlfim
Drc`tlfim
Hccp
Hccp Dr
Drc`
c`tl
tlfi
fim
m `t`u
`t`u pc
pcri
ri`p
`p`s
`s`i
`i h`
h`j`
j`g,
g, `h
`h`j
`j`l
`l tc
tcki
kifk
fk kl
klus
usus
us p`
p`h`
h`
kaiscjfim y`im j`zfgiy` suh`l hfp`k`f sco`k h`luju. Xckifk fif dcrtuou`i
uituk gcici`imk`i tudul h`i gcimcjaj` strcss y`im hf`j`gf kjfci. L`j
tcrp
tcrpci
citf
tfim
im y`im
y`im hfj`
hfj`ku
kuk`
k`i
i s`
s``t
`t gcim
gcimmu
mui`
i`k`
k`i
i tc
tcki
kifk
fk fi
fiff `h
`h`j
`j`l
`l
gcimlcgdusk`i i`p`s scl`rusiy` jcdfl p`io`im h`rfp`h` gci`rfk i`p`s.

Ofk` gci`rfk
Ofk` gci`rfk i`p`s scj`g`
scj`g` 2 hctfk
hctfk g`k`
g`k` gcimlc
gcimlcgdu
gdusk`
sk`ii i`p`s
i`p`s dfs`
dfs`
s`gp`
s`g p`ff 5 hc
hctf
tfk.
k. V`im
V`im ocj`
ocj`s,
s, tcki
tckifk
fk fi
fiff h`
h`p`
p`tt gcgd
gcgd`i
`itu
tu kj
kjfc
fci
i ui
uitu
tuk 
k 
gcimur`imf kcbcg`s`i h`i gcgpcrh`j`g eakusiy`.

05. Xckifk ^ramrcssfvc

^ramrcssfvc Gusbjc Tcj`xtfai
Tcj`xtfai Xr`fifim (^GTX)
^GTX `t`u j`tfl`i rcj`ks`sf atat pramrcsfe `h`j`l s`j`l s`tu tckifk klusus
 p`h` kaiscjfim y`im hfmui`k`i uituk gcimfhcitfefk`sf d`m`fg`i` atat-
atat tcr`s` kctfk` hftcm`imk`i h`i kctfk` hfkcihurk`i, l`j fif hfpcj`o`rf
ui
uitu
tuk
k gcib
gcib`p
`p`f
`f r`
r`s`
s` rf
rfjck
jcks,
s, sc
sclf
lfim
imm`
m` h`
h`p`
p`tt gcim
gcimur
ur`i
`imf
mf r`
r`s`
s` strcs
strcss.
s.
^cicr`p
^cicr`p`ii
`iiy`
y` dcrup`
dcrup`,, kjfci
kjfci hfdu`t
hfdu`t dcrd`r
dcrd`rfim
fim hftcgp
hftcgp`t
`t y`im
y`im iy`g`i
iy`g`i
hcim
hcim`i
`i g`t`
g`t` tcrp
tcrpco
co`g
`g.. J`ju
J`ju hfj`
hfj`ku
kuk`
k`i
i sc
scsf
sf-s
-scs
csff tc
tcki
kifk
fk fi
fiff y`
y`im
im
 dcrj`imsuim scj`g` 03-4> gcift hf b`l`y` rchup.

0=. Xckifk
Xckifk Rcje-Hfsbjasu
Rcje-Hfsbjasurc
rc
Rcje
Rcje-Hf
-Hfsbj
sbjas
asur
urcc `t`u
`t`u pc
pcim
imui
uimk
mk`p
`p`i
`i hf
hfrf
rf `h
`h`j
`j`l
`l tc
tcki
kifk
fk kl
klus
usus
us p`
p`h`
h`
kaiscjfim
kaiscjfim y`im gci`gpfjk`
gci`gpfjk`i
i sfsf l`im`t, iy`t`,
iy`t`, h`i g`iusf`wf kaiscjar 
y`im hfmui`k`i uituk gcgd`imui
gcgd`imui `jf`isf tcr`pcutfk
tcr`pcutfk `t`u kcdcrl`sfj`
kcdcrl`sfj`i
i
 prascs kaiscjfim. ^cicr`p`iiy` dcrup` pcimuimk`p`i sfsf prfd`hf
 

kaiscjar,
kaiscjar, scpcrtf gcgdcrf
gcgdcrf t`lu kjfci tcit`im
tcit`im sftu`sf
sftu`sf kclfhup`i
kclfhup`i Kaiscjar,
h`i pcicr`p`i fif sfe`tiy` hfscim`o`.

0<. Xckifk
Xckifk Baierait`tfai
Baierait`tfai
Baiera
Baierait`
it`tfa
tfai
i `t`u
`t`u Kaiera
Kaierait`
it`sf
sf `h`j`l
`h`j`l tckifk
tckifk klusus
klusus kaiscjf
kaiscjfim
im y`im
y`im
hfkci`j oum` scd`m`f tckifk t`it`im`i. Xckifk fif h`p`t hffgpjcgcit`sfk`i
ui
uitu
tuk
k gcgd
gcgd`i
`itu
tu kjfci
kjfci gcim
gcim`i
`i`j
`jfsf
fsfss i`
i`r`
r`tf
tfee gcrc
gcrck`
k` ui
uitu
tuk
k gcjf
gcjfl`
l`tt
hfskrcp`isf h`i kaitr`hfksf `it`r` k`t` h`i pcrdu`t`i. ^cicr`p`i tckifk 
fif y`im pcrt`g` kaiscjar gcihcim`rk`i h`luju kjfci, j`ju gcr`imkug
h`i gcimkj`rfefk`sf, scj`ioutiy` gcj`kuk`i kaierait`sf scb`r` cgp`tfk,
h`i y`im tcr`klfr `h`j`l gcim`g`tf h`i gcimcv`ju`sf.

06. Xckifk
Xckifk Gatfv`tfai`j
Gatfv`tfai`j Fitcrvfcwfim
Fitcrvfcwfim
Gatfv`
Gatfv`tfa
tfai`j
i`j Fitcrv
Fitcrvfcw
fcwfim
fim (GF) `h`j`l
`h`j`l s`j`l
s`j`l s`tu
s`tu tckifk
tckifk klusus
klusus p`h`
p`h`
ka
kais
iscj
cjfi
fim
m y`
y`im
im hfmu
hfmui`
i`k`
k`i
i ui
uitu
tuk
k gcgd
gcgd`i
`itu
tu kj
kjfc
fci
i gcim
gcimcg
cgd`
d`im
imk`
k`i
i
gatfv`sf fitrfisfk uituk dcrud`l h`i gcib`p`f tuou`i kaiscjfim. Xcrh`p`t
cgp`t prfisfp ugug GF, y`ftu gcimckprcsfk`i sfgp`tf, gcimcgd`imk`i
hfskrcp`isf, gcicrfg` rcsfstcisf, h`i gcihukuim cefksf hfrf.

4>. Xckifk
Xckifk strcimtl Dagd`rhgcit
Dagd`rhgcit
Rt
Rtrc
rcim
imtl
tl Dagd
Dagd`r
`rhg
hgci
citt `h
`h`j
`j`l
`l tc
tcki
kifk
fk kl
klus
usus
us p`
p`h`
h` ka
kais
iscjf
cjfim
im y`
y`im
im

 pcimui``iiy` hfh`s`rf ajcl su`s`i` pcr`s``i, pcrscpsf tcit`im hfrf, h`i

m`gd`r`i tcit`im hfrf y`im dfs` gcgd`fk ofk` kjfci gcicrfg` kaguifk`sf
 dcrd`d`sfs kcku`t`i h`rf ar`im j`fi h`i kcguhf`i gcimfitcri`jfs`sfk`i
kaguifk`sf tcrscdut kc h`j`g hf`jam d`tfif`liy` scihfrf. Xckifk fif h`p`t
hfj`kuk`i
hfj`kuk`i p`h` sftu`sf kaiscjfim
kaiscjfim fihfvfhu
fihfvfhu `t`u kcjagpak
kcjagpak kbfj. ^cicr`p`i
^cicr`p`i
tckifk fif dcrup` `efrg`sf hfrf.

40. Xckifk
Xckifk Rcje-X`j
Rcje-X`jk 
k 
Rcje-
cje-t`
t`jk
jk `h
`h`j
`j`l
`l sc
scdu
du`l
`l tc
tck
kif
ifk
k y`i
`im
m dcr
cr`s
`s`j
`j h`r
`rff r`tfai`j-

cgaiatfvcdcl`vfar tlcr`py (TCDX)
tlcr`py (TCDX) h`i pcihck`t`i-pcihck`t`i pcrfj`ku-
 

kamift
kamiftfe
fe uituk
uituk kaiscjf
kaiscjfim
im j`f
j`fiiy
iiy`.
`. TCDX
TCDX gciy`t
gciy`t`k`
`k`i
i d`lw`
d`lw` ‚ar`im
‚ar`im
gcgdu`
gcgdu`tt tuitut
tuitut`i-t
`i-tuit
uitut`
ut`i
i y`im
y`im tfh`k
tfh`k g`suk
g`suk `k`j
`k`j tcrl`h
tcrl`h`p
`p hfrfiy
hfrfiy``
scihfr
scihfrf‗
f‗ y`im
y`im gcim`k
gcim`kfd`
fd`tk`
tk`i
i dcrd`m
dcrd`m`f
`f m`immu
m`immu`i
`i psfkaj
psfkajamf
amfs.
s.Rcje-t`jk 
Rcje-t`jk 

`h`j`l su`tu tckifk y`im h`p`t hfmui`k`i uituk gciy`imk`j kcy`kfi`i

y`im tfh`k g`suk `k`j h`i gcimcgd`imk`i pcgfkfr`i y`im jcdfl scl`t,
y`im `k`i gciml`sfjk`i scje-t`jk 
gciml`sfjk`i scje-t`jk  y`im
  y`im jcdfl pasftfe. Rcje-t`jk `h`j`l su`tu
b`r` h`rf
h`rf ar`im-
ar`im-ar`
ar`im
im uituk
uituk gci`im
gci`im`if
`if pcs`i
pcs`i icm`tf
icm`tfvc
vc y`im
y`im gcrck`
gcrck`
kfrfgk`i kcp`h` hfrfiy` scihfrf. 
scihfrf.  Rcje-t`jk icm`tfe scscar`im tfh`k scj`ju
scl`t
scl`t k`rci`
k`rci` k`h`im
k`h`im-k`
-k`h`i
h`im
m gcgd`i
gcgd`itu
tu scscar`
scscar`im
im gcimci
gcimci`jf
`jf scdu`l
scdu`l
sftu`sf kcscfgd`im`i `it`r` Rcje-t`jk  pasftfe
 pasftfe h`i icm`tfe s`im`t pcitfim.

44. Xckifk
Xckifk Tcer`gfim
Tcer`gfim

Tce
cerr`gfim gci
cimmud`l suhut p`i
`ih
h`im kaiscptu`j `t`u
cgas
cgasfa
fai`
i`jt
jtcrl
crl`h
`h`p
`p su`t
su`tu
u sf
sftu
tu`s
`sff h`
h`i
i gcim
gcimud
ud`l
`l g`ki
g`ki`i
`iy`
y` hchcim
im`i
`i
gcjct`k
gcjct`kk`i
k`iiy`
iy` h`j`g
h`j`g su`tu
su`tu kcr`im
kcr`imk`
k` kcro`
kcro` ka
kaitc
itckst
kstu`j
u`j j`fi y`im
y`im oum`
oum`
babak hcim`i e`kt`-e`kt` y`im s`g` h`rf su`tu `sjfiy`. Xuou`i rcer`gfim 
`h`j`l uituk gcgd`itu kjfci gcjfl`t
gcjfl`t sftu`sfiy`
sftu`sfiy` h`rf suhut
suhut p`ih`im
p`ih`im j`fi,
y`im gcgdu`tiy` t`gp`k tfh`k tcrj`ju pradjcg`tfk h`i jcdfl iarg`j, h`i
hcim`i hcgfkf`i jcdfl tcrduk` tcrl`h`p sajusf.

42. Xckifk
Xckifk Xlaumlt
Xlaumlt Rtappfim

Xlauml
Xlau mltt stapp
stappfi
fim
m gcru
gcruou
ouk
k p`
p`h`
h` sc
sckc
kcja
jagp
gpak
ak pr
pras
asch
chur
ur y`
y`im
im
hfmui`k`i uituk gcifimk`tk`i kcg`gpu`i scscar`im uituk gcgdjakfr 
scb`r`
scb`r` kamif
kamiftfe
tfe scr`imk
scr`imk`f`
`f` t`imm`
t`imm`p`i
p`i.. Xckifk
Xckifk fif hfmui`
hfmui`k`i
k`i pcrt`g
pcrt`g``
k`jf
k`jfiy
iy`` p`h`
p`h` t`lu
t`lui
i 0<=3
0<=3 , tlaumlt stappfim   gcj`
gcj`tf
tfl
l kj
kjfc
fci
i ui
uitu
tuk 
k 
gciyfimkf
gciyfimkfrk`i,
rk`i, sc`w`j guimkfi
guimkfi sctf`p pfkfr`i y`im tfh`k hffimfik`i
hffimfik`i,,
 df`s`iy` hcim`i gciycruk`i pcrfit`l ‚dcrlcitf‗ uituk gcimfitcrupsf
 pfkfr`i y`im tfh`k hffimfik`i. Xlaumlt stappfim dcrl`sfj k`rci` dcdcr`p`
`j`s`
`j`s`i
i pc
pcrf
rfit
it`l
`l ‚d
‚dcrl
crlci
citf
tf‗‗ scd`m
scd`m`f
`f lu
luku
kug`
g`i
i sc
sclf
lfim
imm`
m` gcim
gcimur
ur`i
`imf
mf
kguimkfi`i d`lw` pfkfr`i `k`i guibuj kcgd`jf.
 

48. Xckifk
Xckifk Bamiftfvc Tcstrubturfim
Tcstrubturfim
Xckifk fif hfsc
scd
dut hcim`i bar
barrcbt
rcbtfim
fim bamift
bamiftfvc
fvc hfstar
hfstartfa
tfais
is
(gci
(gcima
marck
rcksf
sf hfsta
hfstarsf
rsf ka
kami
mift
ftfe
fe).
).Bam
Bamift
iftfvc
fvc rcstrub
rcstrubtur
turfim 
fim   gcjfd`tk`i

 pcicr`p`i prfisfp-prfisfp dcj`o`r p`h` pfkfr`i.Xckifk fif hfr`ib`im uituk 

gcgd`itu gcib`p`f rcspais cgasfai`j y`im jcdfl d`fk hcim`i gcimud`l
kcdf`s``i
kcdf`s``i pcifj`f`i
pcifj`f`i l`dftu`j
l`dftu`j schcgfkf`i
schcgfkf`i sclfimm`
sclfimm` gcio`hf
gcio`hf tfh`k tcrj`ju
tcrdf`s uituk gcimm`itf pfkfr`i h`i fitcrprcst`sf icm`tfe cim`i pfkfr`i `i
tf``k`i y`im jcdfl paftfe.

43. Xckifk
Xckifk T`tfai`j-Cga
T`tfai`j-Cgatfvc
tfvc Dcl`vfar Xlcr`py (TCDX)? Gahcj @DBHCE
h`i T`tfai`j-Cgatfvc Fg`mcry
Xc
Xcki
kifk
fk T`tf
T`tfai
ai`j
`j-C
-Cga
gatf
tfvc
vc Dcl`
Dcl`vf
vfar
ar Xlcr
Xlcr`p
`pyy (TC
(TCDX)
DX) (tcr`p
(tcr`pff

 pcrfj`ku r`sfai`j-cgatfe) hfbfpt`k`i ajcl @jdcrt Cjjfs p`h` t`lui 0633

sctcj`l f` gcict`pk`i
gcict`pk`i d`lw` tcr`pf Tamcrf`i
Tamcrf`i h`i psfka`i`jfsfs
psfka`i`jfsfs `h`j`l
gctahc pci`im`i`i y`im tfh`k cecktfe k`rci` tfh`k gcgeakusk`i p`h`
 pfkfr`i. Kctfk` Cjjfs gcimud`l i`g`iy` gcio`hf TCDX, f` gciy`h`rf
 d`lw` cgasf, pcrfj`ku, h`i pfkfr`i tfh`k h`p`t
h`p`t hfpfs`lk`i s`tu s`g` j`fi.
H`j`g
H`j`g TCDX,
TCDX, cgasf
cgasf pcitfi
pcitfim;
m; tct
tct`pf
`pf,, kamifs
kamifsff scscar`
scscar`im
im `h`j`l
`h`j`l
sugd
sugdcr
cr dcrd
dcrd`m
`m`f
`f g`s`
g`s`j`
j`l
l psfk
psfkaj
ajam
amf.
f. Kais
Kaiscj
cjar
ar pr
prae
aecs
cssf
sfai
ai`j
`j pc
pcrj
rju
u
gcgd
gcgd`i
`itu
tu kjfc
kjfci
i gcg`
gcg`l`
l`gf
gf d`
d`lw
lw`` pc
pcr`
r`s``
s``i
i tfh`
tfh`k
k hf
hfscd
scd`d
`dk`
k`ia
iajc
jcl
l
 dcrd`m`f pcrfstfw`, ar`im j`fi `t`u g`s`
g`s ` j`ju, gcj`fik`i ajcl pfkfr`i y`im

hfkcgd`imk`i ajcl ar`im tcrscdut hfscput`r sftu`sfiy`.

Xckifk
Xckifk r`tfai
r`tfai`j-c
`j-cgat
gatfvc
fvc fg`mcr
fg`mcryy  (TCF
(TCF)) hf
hfkc
kcgd
gd`i
`imk
mk`i
`i aj
ajcl
cl
G`ujtsdy p`h` t`lui 06=8.Xuou`i tckifk fif `h`j`l `m`r kjfci gcimud`l
cgasf-cgasfiy` h`rf tfh`k scl`t gcio`hf scl`t hcim`i d`itu`i kaiscjar 
 praecssfai`j.
Kcmui`
Kcmui``i
`i tckifk
tckifk gahcj
gahcj @DBHCE
@DBHCE h`i tckifk
tckifk r`tfai`
r`tfai`j-cg
j-cgatf
atfvc
vc
fg`mcry `h`j`l gcibcm`l dcr`m`g prcscitfim pradjcg, tcrg`suk tfimk`t
strcss y`im tfimmf, g`s`j`l luduim`i h`i gcim`t`sf hfs`dfjft`s.

45. Xckifk
Xckifk Dfdjfatlcr`p
Dfdjfatlcr`py
y
 

Dfdjfatlcr`py `h`j`l scdu`l tckifk y`im scrfim hfmui`k`i ajcl

kaiscjar praecssfai`j y`im kjfciiy` pcrju gcgahfefk`sf b`r` dcrpfkfriy`.
Dfdjfa
Dfdjfatlc
tlcr`py
r`py dcrg`k
dcrg`ksuh
suh gcgcim
gcgcim`ru
`rulf
lf kclfhu
kclfhup`i
p`i hcim`i
hcim`i gcgd`i
gcgd`itu
tu

kjfci gcicguk`i
gcicguk`i kcsci`im`i
kcsci`im`i h`j`g gcd`b` h`i gcjcp`sk`i
gcjcp`sk`i hfrf h`rf
hfstrcs
hfstrcsss gcit`j
gcit`j.R`
.R`j`l
j`l s`tu prapa
prapasfsf
sfsf ut`g`
ut`g` y`im
y`im gcih`s
gcih`s`rf
`rf tckifk
tckifk fif
`h`j`l kjfci pcrju g`gpu gcimfhcitfefk`sf hfrf hcim`i s`j`l s`tu takal
y`
y`im
im gcim
gcim`j
`j`g
`gff g`s`j
g`s`j`l
`l y`
y`im
im sc
scru
rup`
p` hc
hcim
im`i
`i g`sj
g`sj`l
`l kj
kjfc
fci
i scj`j
scj`ju
u
gcimfim`t tcit`im rc`jft`s kjfci.

4=. Xckifk
Xckifk oauri`jfi
oauri`jfim
m
Gciu
Gciujf
jfss ou
ouri
ri`j
`j (b`t`
(b`t`t`i
t`i l`
l`rf
rf`i
`i)) gcgu
gcguim
imkf
kfik
ik`i
`i kj
kjfc
fci
i ui
uitu
tuk 
k 
gcim
gcimui
uimk
mk`p
`pk`
k`i
i h`
h`i
i gcim
gcimck
ckstc
stcri
ri`j
`jfs
fs`sf
`sfk`
k`i
i pf
pfkf
kfr`i
r`i,, pc
pcr`
r`s``
s``i,
i, h`
h`i
i

kcdutul`iiy`, ckspcrcsf-ckspcrcsf y`im df`s`iy` hfsfgp`i uituk r`i`l

fitcri`j prfd`hf.Kcricr h`i Eftzp`trfbk (4>>=) gcihcskrfpsfk`i hu` tfpc
 pciujfs`i tcr`pcutfk? `ecktfe/cgasfai`j h`i
kamiftfe/kaistruktfvfs. Oauri`jfim
 Oauri`jfim `ecktfe/cgasfai`j   gcguimkfik
gcguimkfik`i
`i kjfci
uituk gciujfsk`i fhc-fhc y`im gcim`jfr dcd`s hcim`i tuou`i ckspcrcsf
h`i pcjcp`s`i cgasfai`j.H`i oauri`jfim
cgasfai`j.H`i oauri`jfim kamiftfe/kaistruktfvfs jcdfl
kamiftfe/kaistruktfvfs  jcdfl hck`t
hcim`i pcihck`t`i-pcihck`t`i kaiscjfim kamiftfe pcrfj`ku.

4<. Xckifk
Xckifk Rystcg`tfb Hcscisftfz`tfai
Hcscisftfz`tfai

Hcscisftft
Hcscisf tft`sf
`sf sfstcg`
sfstcg`tfk
tfk `h`j`l
`h`j`l scdu`l
scdu`l prasch
praschur
ur hfg`i`
hfg`i` kjfci
kjfci
 dcruj`im k`jf gcimfim`t, gcgd`y`imk`i, `t`u gcim`j`gf kco`hf`i y`im
gcgd`imkftk`i kcbcg`s`i h`i sctcj`l ftu gcimmui`k`i tckifk rcj`ks`sf
uituk
uituk gcick`
gcick`i
i kcbcg`
kcbcg`s`i
s`i y`im
y`im hfscd`
hfscd`dk`
dk`i
i ajcl
ajcl kco`hf
kco`hf`i
`i ftu.
ftu. H`j`g
H`j`g
k`sus
k`sus hcscit
hcscitft`
ft`sf
sf sfstcg`
sfstcg`tfj,
tfj, tckifk
tckifk rcj`ks
rcj`ks`sf
`sf y`im
y`im tcj`l
tcj`l hfpcj`
hfpcj`o`rf
o`rf h`i
hfmui`k`i
hfmui`k`i ajcl kjfci gcimur`imf
gcimur`imf kcguimkfi
kcguimkfi`i
`i d`lw` kco`hf`i ftu tfh`k 
`k`i
`k`i gcgfbu
gcgfbu rcspais
rcspais-rc
-rcspa
spais
is y`im
y`im tfh`k
tfh`k kagp`t
kagp`tfdc
fdcj,
j, sclfim
sclfimm`
m` kjfci,
kjfci,
hcim`i
hcim`i p`p`r`i
p`p`r`i mr`hu`
mr`hu`jj kco`hf
kco`hf`i
`i y`im
y`im hft`ku
hft`kutf
tf h`i j`tfl`
j`tfl`i
i rcj`ks`
rcj`ks`sf,
sf,
gcio`hf
gcio`hf kur`im
kur`im scisftfvc
scisftfvc tcrl`h`p
tcrl`h`p kco`hf`i
kco`hf`i ftu uituk
uituk gcgd`itu
gcgd`itu kjfci

gcimaistruksfk`i scdu`l lfcr`rkf kcbcg`s`i.

 

46. Xckifk
Xckifk Rtrcss Fiabuj`tfai
Fiabuj`tfai Xr`fifim
Xckifk strcss fiabuj`tfai tr`fifim (RFX) (tckifk fiakuj`sf strcss),

scdu`l tckifk y`im hfkcgd`imk`i ajcl Hai`jh Gcfblcd`ug, hfh`s`rk`i

 p`h` fhc d`lw` gcgd`itu kjfci gcim`t`sf strcssar-strcsar rfim`i `k`i
gcguimkfi
gcguimkfik`i
k`i gcrck` uituk
uituk gcimcgd`i
gcimcgd`imk`i
mk`i tajcr`isf
tajcr`isf uituk
uituk dcituk-
dcituk-
 dcituk hfstrcss (hfstrcss `h`j`l fstfj`l uituk strcss y`im dcr`kfd`t duruk,
cu
cust
strcs
rcsss `h
`h`j
`j`l
`l fst
fstfj
fj`l
`l ui
uitu
tuk
k strcs
strcsss y`
y`im
im dc
dcr`
r`kf
kfd`
d`tt d`
d`fk
fk,, gfs`j
gfs`jiy
iy``
gcgatfv`sf kft` uituk
uituk gciycjcs`fk`i scsu`tu). RFX fif gcgfjfkf
gcgfjfkf dcdcr`p`
tuou
tuou`i
`i..  ^crt`g`
 ^crt`g`,, kjf
kjfci
ci dcj`o`
dcj`o`rr uituk
uituk gcjfl`
gcjfl`tt strcssiy
strcssiy`` scd`m`
scd`m`ff rc`ksf
rc`ksf
`h`ptfe y`im iarg`j. Kchu`,
 Kchu`, kjfci dcj`o`r uituk gcimcjaj` strcsiy` hcim`i
gcimud`l kaiscptu`jfs`sfiy`. Kctfm`,
 Kctfm`, kjfci gcimur`fk`
gcimur`fk`i
i strcssar-strcsa
strcssar-strcsar 
r 

 dcs`r gcio`hf tuou`i-tuou`i bapfim  o`imk`

  o`imk` pcihck, o`imk` gcicim`l h`i
 o`imk` p`io`im.

2>. Xckifk
Xckifk Gahcjfi
Gahcjfim
m
Gahc
Gahcjf
jfim
im `h`j
`h`j`l
`l pr
pras
ascs
cs d`
d`m`
m`fg
fg`i
`i`` fi
fihf
hfvf
vfhu
hu dc
dcj`
j`o`
o`rr h`
h`rf
rf
gcim`g`tf ar`im j`fi.Gahcjfim oum` hfscdut scd`m`f fgft`sf, fhcitfefk`sf,
 dcj`o`r adscrv`sfai`j, h`i vfb`rfaus jc`rifim.@h` tfm` tfpc h`s`r 
gahcjfim?? Avcrt gahcjfim  (jfvc
gahcjfim   (jfvc gahcjfim) tcro`hf kctfk` s`tu ar`im `t`u
jcdf
jcdfl
l gcih
gcihcg
cgai
aistr
str`sf
`sfk`
k`i
i pc
pcrf
rfj`k
j`ku
u y`
y`im
im `k
`k`i
`i hf
hfpc
pcj`
j`o`r
o`rf.
f.  Jfvc gahcj 

(baital
(baital lfhup)
lfhup) dfs`
dfs` tcrg`u
tcrg`usk
sk kaiscja
kaiscjarr praecs
praecssfa
sfai`j
i`j,, muru
muru `t`u
`t`u tcg`i
tcg`i
scd`y`
scd`y` kjfci.
kjfci.Rygda
Rygdajfb
jfb gahcjfim 
gahcjfim   gcjfd`tk`i
gcjfd`tk`i gcimfjustr`
gcimfjustr`sfk`i
sfk`i pcrfj`ku
pcrfj`ku
t`rmct gcj`juf rck`g`i vfhca `t`u `uhfa.

20. Xckifk
Xckifk Dcl`vfar`j
Dcl`vfar`j Tclc`rs`j
Dcl`vf
Dcl`vfar`
ar`jj rclc`rs
rclc`rs`j
`j (j`tfl`
(j`tfl`i/m
i/mj`hf
j`hf pcrfj`
pcrfj`ku)
ku) `h`j`l
`h`j`l s`j`l
s`j`l s`tu
s`tu
hf`it`r` d`iy`k tckifk y`im dcr`s`j h`rf tcr`pf pcrfj`ku, tct`pf tckifk fif
tcj`l hf`h`pt`sf ajcl dcrd`m`f kaiscjar y`im gcimmui`k`i pcihck`t`i
 dcj`o`r sasf`j. Kaiscjar praecssfai`j df`s`iy` gcimmui`k`i dcl`vfar 

rclc`rs`j  hcim`i
 hcim`i kjfci y`im pcrju gcio`hf s`h`r scpciuliy` `k`i hfrfiy`.
 

dcl`vfar
dcl`vfar rclc`rs`j 
rclc`rs`j   gcgfjfkf
gcgfjfkf kagpcici
kagpcici gcifruk`i pcrfj`ku, gcicrfg`
ugp`i
ugp`i d`jfk
d`jfk h`rf
h`rf kaiscj
kaiscjar,
ar, h`i scrfim
scrfim gcgpr`
gcgpr`ktc
ktckk`
kk`i
i `t`u
`t`u gcj`tf
gcj`tfl
l
 pcrfj`ku y`im hf fimfik`iiy`.
fimfik`iiy`.

24. Xckifk
Xckifk Tajc
Tajc ^j`y
Tajc pj`y (dcrg`fi pcr`i) `h`j`l scdu`l tckifk y`im hfmui`k`i
ajcl kaiscjar h`rf dcr`m`g arfcit`sf tcarctfs uituk kjfci-kjfci y`im pcrju
gcim
gcimcg
cgd`
d`im
imk`
k`i
i pcg`
pcg`l`
l`g`
g`i
i y`im
y`im jc
jcdf
dfl
l gcih
gcih`j
`j`g
`g tc
tcit
it`i
`im
m `t
`t`u
`u
gcj`kuk`i pcrud`l`i h`j`g hfrfiy` scihfrf. Tajc pj`y fif tcro`hf s``t fif,
 duk`i hfg`s` j`ju `t`u g`s` gcih`t`im.

22. Xckifk
Xckifk ^rcg`bk ^rfibfpj
^rfibfpjcc

^rcg`bk
^rcg`b k prfibf
prfibfpjc
pjc (prfis
(prfisfp
fp prcg`b
prcg`bk)
k) hfh`s`r
hfh`s`rk`i
k`i p`h`
p`h` kaiscp
kaiscp
rcfiear
rcfiearbcg
bcgcit
cit  pasftfe h`rf tcarf apcr`it baihftfaifim , y`im gciy`t`k`i
 d`lw` pcfj`ku hcim`i prad`dfjft`s jcdfl tfimmf h`p`t dcrtfih`k scd`m`f
rcfiearbc d`mf
rcfiearbc  d`mf pcrfj`ku hcim`i prad`dfjft`s jcdfl rcih`l. Hcim`i k`t` j`fi,
fihfvfhu tcrgatfv`sf uituk gcj`ks`ik`i tum`s y`im tfh`k hffimfik`i ofk`
tum`s
tum`s ftu hffkut
hffkutff ajcl
ajcl tum`s
tum`s y`im
y`im hffim
hffimfi`
fi`iiy
iiy`.
`. Baital
Baitaliy`
iy`,, scar`i
scar`im
m
ar`imtu` guimkfi gcj`r`im `i`k gciaitai XU s`gp`f f` gciycjcs`fk`i
^T-iy`.

28. Xckifk
Xckifk Dcl`vfar
Dcl`vfar Bl`rt
Dcl`
Dcl`vf
vfar
ar bl
bl`r
`rtt (d
(d`m
`m`i
`i pc
pcrfj
rfj`k
`ku)
u) gci`
gci`rm
rmct
ct pc
pcrf
rfj`
j`ku
ku-pc
-pcrf
rfj`
j`ku
ku
tcrtcitu y`im kcguhf`i hfcv`ju`sf p`h` tftfk-tftfk y`im tcj`l hftct`pk`i
scp`io`im l`rf. Dcl`vfar
l`rf. Dcl`vfar bl`rt  gcg`sukk`i
 gcg`sukk`i dcdcr`p` kagpai`i pcitfim,
scpcrt
scpcrtff gcic
gcict`
t`pk
pk`i
`i pc
pcrf
rfj`
j`ku
ku-pc
-pcrj
rj`k
`ku
u y`
y`im
im `k
`k`i
`i hf
hfp`
p`it
it`u
`u,, gcr`
gcr`tf
tfim
im
 pcrfj`ku p`h` skchuj y`im tcj`l hftct`pk`i, dcrd`m`f fiearg`sf hcim`i
ar`im-ar`im scj`fi r`tcr, h`i gcimmui`k`i d`m`i uituk gcg`it`u scdu`l
fitcrvcisf `t`u scd`m`f pci`im`i`i ftu scihfrf. Dcl`vfar bl`rt dcrmui`
uituk gcgdcrfk`i ugp`i d`fk kcp`h` fifvfhu y`im hfp`it`u ajcl ar`im
 

j`fi y`im tcrjfd`t hcim`i ar`im j`fi yituk gcgciulf kcdftul`i spcsfefk 
scscar`im.

23. Xckifk
Xckifk Xakci Cbaiagy
Cbaiagy
Xakci cbaiagy `h`j`l scdu`l tckifk y`im dcr`s`j h`rf l`j k`ry`
tcarct
tcarctfsf
fsf pcrfj`
pcrfj`ku
ku apcr`i
apcr`it,
t, D.E.
D.E. Rkfiic
Rkfiicr.R
r.Rkfi
kfiicr
icr gcgfjf
gcgfjfkf
kf p`ih`i
p`ih`im`i
m`i
 d`lw` kaisckucisf gcgpcrt`l`ik`i pcrfj`ku.Xak
pcrfj`ku.Xakci
ci cbaiag
cbaiagyy  `h`j`l
su`tu dcituk rcfiearbcgcit pasftfe hfg`i` kjfci gcicrfg` su`tu takci
kctfk` gcrck` gcgpcrjfl`tk`i pcrfj`ku y`im hffimfik`i.

25. Xckifk
Xckifk Dcl`vfar`j
Dcl`vfar`j Baitr`bt
Baitr`bt
Dcl`vfar`j baitr`bt (kaitr`k pcrfj`ku), `t`u baitfimciby baitr`bt,

hfh`s`rk`i p`h` prfisfp

hfh`s`rk`i prfisfp apcr`it baihftfaifim, rcfiearbcgcit pasftfe, 
pasftfe,   h`i
h`p`t
h`p`t hfmui`
hfmui`k`i
k`i scd`m`
scd`m`ff s`j`l
s`j`l s`tu
s`tu v`rf`sf
v`rf`sf prfisf
prfisfp
p ^rcg`b
^rcg`bk.K
k.Kait
aitr`k 
r`k 
 pcrfj`ku `h`j`l kcscp`k`t`i tcrtujfs `it`r` hu` ar`im fihfvfhu `t`u jcdfl
hfg`i` s`j`l s`tu `t`u kchu` ar`im scp`k`t uituk tcrjfd`t h`j`g scdu`l
 pcrfj`ku t`rmct. Ajcl scd`d ftu kaitr`k bcihcruim papujcr hf`it`r` `i`k-
`i`k k`rci` h`p`t gcgdcrfk`i y`immuim o`w`d kcp`h` ar`im tu` `t`u
muru h`j`g kctcitu`i kcscp`k`t`iiy`.

2=. Xckifk
Xckifk Cxtfibtfa
Cxtfibtfai
i

Cxtfibtfai `h`j`l scdu`l tckifk pcrfj`ku kj`sfk y`im hfh`h`s`rk`i

 p`h` lukug`i y`im gcjfd`tk`i gci`l`i pcgdcrf`i rcfiearbcgcit   mui`
gcimur`imf erckucisf pcrfj`ku tcrtcitu. Cxtfibtfai 
 Cxtfibtfai  h`p`t hfmui`k`i uituk 
gcimcjfgfi
gcimcjfgfi`sf
`sf pcrfj`ku-pc
pcrfj`ku-pcrfj`ku
rfj`ku y`im scdcjugiy`
scdcjugiy` hfpcrku`t
hfpcrku`t (rcfiearbch)
(rcfiearbch)
(k`h`i
(k`h`im-k
m-k`h`
`h`im
im t`ip`
t`ip` scpcim
scpcimct`
ct`lu`
lu`i)
i) hfjfim
hfjfimkui
kuim`i
m`i.. Baital
Baitaliy`
iy`,, ofk`
ofk`
scar`i
scar`im
m sfsw`
sfsw` hfkcj`s
hfkcj`s scj`ju
scj`ju gcicrf
gcicrf`kk
`kk`i
`i o`w`d`
o`w`d`i
i scdcjug
scdcjug hfp`im
hfp`immfj
mfj
uituk gcih`p`tk`i pcrl`tf`i muru, muru scl`rusiy` gcim`d`fk`i sfsw`
ftu h`i duk` gcim`kuf o`w`d`i sfsw` tcrscdut.^cim`ku`i tcrl`h`a sfsw`
gcru
gcrup`
p`k`
k`i
i rcfiearbcgcit 
 pasftfe uituk pcrfj`kuiy`.Dcmftu rcfiearbcgct 

hft`rf
hft`rfk,
k, pcrfj`
pcrfj`ku
ku tcrscdu
tcrscdutt scl`ru
scl`rusiy
siy`` lfj`im
lfj`im.uit
.uituk
uk gcgutu
gcgutus`i
s`i scdu`l
scdu`l
 

 praschur cxtfibtfai kaiscjar l`rus gcgpcrtfgd`imk`i sfe`t pcrfj`ku `im

`k`i uituk gcgutsuk`i hf`klfr.

2<. Xckifk
Xckifk Xfgc
Xfgc Aut
Xckifk tfgc aut `h`j`l s`j`l s`tu fitcrvcisf pcrfj`ku y`im p`jfim
scrfim hfmui`k`i uituk gcimur`imf
gcimur`imf dcrd`m`f g`s`j`l pcrfj`ku p`h` `i`k-
`i`k h`i kagpaici y`im p`jfim scrfim hfmui`k`i p`h` praschur pcj`tfl`i
ar`i
ar`imt
mtu`
u`.. Xfg
Xfgcc aut   hfmui`
hfmui`k`i
k`i uituk
uituk gcimur
gcimur`im
`imff pcrfj`
pcrfj`ku
ku y`im
y`im tfh`k 
tfh`k 
scg
scgcs
cstf
tfi
iy` (l
(luk
ukug
ug`i
`i)) h`i
h`i gci
gcifi
fim
mk`tk
k`tk`i
`i pcr
crfj
fj`k
`ku
u y`
y`i
im d`f
`fk 
k 
(rcfiearbcgcit).. Hci
(rcfiearbcgcit) Hcim`i
m`i hcgfkf
hcgfkf`i,
`i, tfgc aut   `h`j`l scdu`l tckifk y`im
hfr`ib`im uituk gcihfhfk `i`k tcit`im `p` y`im l`rus hfj`kuk`i h`i `p`
y`im tfh`k dajcl hfj`kuk`i.
hfj`kuk`i. Xfgc aut  dcreuimsf
  dcreuimsf scd`m`f lukug`i uituk 

 pcrfj`ku duruk s``t fif h`i gcibcm`l pcrfj`ku duruk

duruk hfg`s` gcih`t`im.

26. Xckifk
Xckifk Tcspaisc
Tcspaisc Bast
Tcspai
Tcspaisc
sc bast
bast `h`j`l
`h`j`l scdu`l
scdu`l gctahc
gctahc apcr`it baihftfaifim   y`im
hfh`s`rk`i
hfh`s`rk`i p`h` prfisfp-prf
prfisfp-prfisfp
isfp lukug`i
lukug`i h`i gcjfd`tk`i
gcjfd`tk`i pcimlfj`im`
pcimlfj`im`i
i
su`tu stfgujus pasftfe
pasftfe uituk
uituk gcimur`imf
gcimur`imf pcrfj`ku
pcrfj`ku tcrtcitu
tcrtcitu.. Tcspaisc bast 
scrfim k`jf dcrdcituk sfstcg pafi `t`u takci hfg`i` fihfvfhu kclfj`im`i
 pafi `t`u takci uituk gciuioukk`i pcrfj`ku y`im tfh`k hffimfik`i.
 Tcspais bast   dfs` s`im`t cecktfe h`j`g gcimu
gcimur`imfp
r`imfpcrfj`ku
crfj`ku y`im tfh`k 

hfkclcih`kf,
hfkclcih`k f, klusuiy`
klusuiy` ofk` hfmui`k`i
hfmui`k`i hcim`i
hcim`i hfkagdfi`sf
hfkagdfi`sfk`i
k`i hcim`i
hcim`i
 puof`i, sfstcg pafi (takci), h`itfg
h`itfgcc au
aut 
t   scd`m`f
scd`m`f praschur
praschur b`h`im`i.
b`h`im`i.
 Tcspaisc bast  h`p`t
  h`p`t hfmui`k`i hfrug`l, hfkcj`s, `t`u hftcgp`t dcrg`fi
h`i guh`l uituk hftcr`pk`i. Rctcj`l hftcr`pk`i h`j`g s`tu gfimmu t`ip`
kclfj`im`i
kclfj`im`i takci s`tu-s`tuiy
s`tu-s`tuiy`` y`ftu s`g` sck`jf tfh`k gcgpcrjfl`t
gcgpcrjfl`tk`i
k`i
 pcrfj`ku t`rmct y`im tfh`k d`fk sfstcgiy` dcr`klfr.

8>. Xckifk
Xckifk Avcrbarrcbtfa
Avcrbarrcbtfai
i
Avcrbarrcbtfa
Avcrbarrcbtfai
i gcjfd`tk`i
gcjfd`tk`i hu` kagpaici
kagpaici?? rcstftusf
rcstftusf h`i pr`ktfk 
pr`ktfk 

 pasftfe. Tcstftusf gciml`rusk`i fihfvfhu uituk gcgujflk`i sftu`sf y`im

 

tcrm
tcrm`i
`imm
mmu
u kc
kcka
kaih
ihfs
fsff y`
y`im
im s`g`
s`g` `t
`t`u
`u d`
d`lk
lk`i
`i jc
jcdf
dfl
l d`
d`fk
fk hf
hfsd
sd`i
`ihf
hfim
im
scdcjugiy`
scdcjugiy`,, h`i pr`ktfk pasftfe gcjfd`tk`i
gcjfd`tk`i j`tfl`i pcrfj`ku
pcrfj`ku y`im d`fk 
scb`r` dcruj`im-uj`im uituk sftu`sf y`im s`g`. Tcstftusf hfr`ib`im uituk 

gcim`o`rk`i kaisckucisf w`o`r h`rf pcrfj`ku duruk, h`i pr`ktfk pasftfe 

gcim`o
gcim`o`rk
`rk`i
`i pcrfj`
pcrfj`ku
ku y`im
y`im d`fk,
d`fk, sclfim
sclfimm`m` dcreui
dcreuimsf
msf scd`m`
scd`m`ff j`imk
j`imk`l
`l
 prcvcitfe.Avcrbarrcbtfai `h`j`l scdu`l dcituk lukug`i tct`pf f` tfh`k 
gcimfkutf scdu`l tcarf tcrtcitu f` gcg`sukk`i crd`m`f `spck-`spck h`rf
 d`iy`k tcarf y`im dcrdch`, tcrg`suk  ecchd`bk, tfgc aut, bagpjf`ibc
trc`ifim, cxjfibtfai, h`i
cxjfibtfai, h`i lukug`i.