NATURAL SCIENCES: PLANNING & PREPARATION

GRADE 9 TERM 1 KNOWLEDGE STRAND LIFE AND LIVING

DATE: Term 1 Week 7 and Week 8_2021
Teaching Methodologies & Resources / LTSM
Topic / Content / Concepts / Skills
(WHAT I am going to teach/guide/support…) Classroom Management (WHAT I am going to use to
(HOW I am going to teach/guide/support…) teach/guide/support…)

TEACHERS Topic: Systems in the human body, integrated with Focus for this Lesson:
circulatory and respiratory systems Experiment:
Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Apparatus that is used to
Content: demonstrate the mechanism of
• Circulatory system Overview AND detail: breathing
• Respiratory system 1. Purpose
• Breathing, gaseous exchange, circulation and 2. Components
respiration 3. Processes
4. Health issues
KEY QUESTIONS:
• How does the body do the things it does, such Breathing, gaseous exchange, circulation
as breathe, move and think? and respiration.
• What happens when one of the systems in our Label the respiratory system
bodies does not work properly and has a 'system
error'? Key concepts
• Is it possible to prevent ourselves from getting • Atria (atrium) – top chambers of
sick? heart that receives blood
• How can you best look after your body? • Ventricles – bottom chamber of
heart that pumps blood away from
Body systems: heart.
The human body consists of several integrated • Oxygenated blood- blood with
oxygen Materials: empty plastic bottles;
systems that must work together for the body to
• Deoxygenated blood – blood straws; balloons; plastic cover.
function as a whole.
without oxygen
The circulatory system: • Arteries – blood vessels that transport
blood from heart to organs Natural Sciences Textbooks/
Did you know that the blood moving throughout your
Siyavula Workbooks (Pages: 70-
body forms a system? To "circulate" means to move
78)

GRADE 9 NATURAL SCIENCES DRAFT LESSON PLAN: SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY, INTEGRATED WITH CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 1|Page
 around, and so we have the circulatory system within • Veins - blood vessels that transport Laptop / tablets / smart phones,
the human body which transports blood. blood from the organs to the heart etc.
• Capillaries - the smallest and most
numerous of the blood vessels, form Links to Natural Sciences
the connection between the vessels Siyavula
that carry blood away from the heart Grade 7-9 Workbooks:
Purpose of the circulatory system (arteries) and the vessels that return http://www.mstworkbooks.co.za
The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood to the heart (veins). /
blood with oxygen (O2) from the lungs to cells and • Breathing (Inhalation & Exhalation) -
then transporting blood with carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs when we take oxygen into Natural Sciences:
back to the lungs. It also has to distribute nutrients from the body (lungs) and push carbon http://www.mstworkbooks.co.za
the digestive system to the cells in the body and dioxide out of the body /natural-sciences /natural-
remove waste products to be excreted. • Gaseous exchange – the exchange sciences.html
of gases by the process of diffusion
Components of the circulatory system: at the alveoli and tissues Natural Sciences:
The circulatory system is composed of the heart and a • Cellular respiration - occurs within https://www.siyavulaeducation.
system of blood vessels, including arteries, veins and the mitochondria of cells to release com/work-oer.html
capillaries. the chemical energy in food.
1. Heart Watch a video that shows
The heart is a very strong muscle and pumps blood the direction of blood flow
throughout the body. There are four chambers in the Support from teacher: through the four chambers
heart that receive and send blood to all parts of the of the heart.
body. The top two chambers are called atria • Engage the learners in doing science to http://bit.ly/11WaP8h
(singular= atrium); receives blood and the bottom two consolidate the practical application of
chambers are called ventricles; pump blood away what they have already learned. Watch a video on the
from heart. circulatory system.
2. Blood vessels • Print the Worksheet for the learners. http://bit.ly/19Wf2Od
There are various blood vessels which carry the blood
throughout the body. • Provide guidance regarding handling of
These are: apparatus safety and following Visit this animation and
• arteries- have thick muscular, elastic walls and instructions during the teacher watch how the ribcage
transports blood away from heart  organs demonstrations. changes shape and size
• veins- have much thinner muscular walls and during inhalation and
transports blood from organs heart • Guide learners on Activities in Siyavula exhalation
• capillaries, the smallest, very thin, no muscle Explore; Grade 9 A Workbook pg. 70-78 http://bit.ly/11WaP8h
layer and most numerous of the blood vessels, that should be completed for
form the connection between the vessels that consolidation)
carry blood away from the heart (arteries)
and the vessels that return blood to the heart
(veins). Capillaries have thin walls and allow

GRADE 9 NATURAL SCIENCES DRAFT LESSON PLAN: SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY, INTEGRATED WITH CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 2|Page
 movement of nutrients between the blood • Focus learners’ attention on the
and tissue cells. Information given on the provided
worksheet below.
3. Blood
The blood is transported throughout your body and
carries various substances.
The substances can be dissolved in the blood liquid
(plasma), such as carbon dioxide, nutrients and
waste products, or else within red blood cells, such as
oxygen.

Main processes in the circulatory system

Our circulatory system is actually made up of two
systems that function together:
• a short system that circulates blood between the
lungs and the heart; and
• a much longer system that circulates blood from
the heart throughout the body and back again.

This process occurs as follows:

Blood is circulated from the heart to the lungs. At the
lungs, carbon dioxide (CO2) leaves the blood and
oxygen (O2) enters the blood. This process is known
as gaseous exchange. Since the blood now contains
more oxygen than carbon dioxide, we say it is
oxygenated. This oxygenated blood returns back to
the heart again.
Once in the heart, the oxygenated blood is then
circulated to deliver the oxygen to all the cells in the
body before returning back to the heart. At the same
times as it delivers oxygen, the blood also collects
carbon dioxide from the cells. This blood has more
CO2 than O2, so it is deoxygenated blood. The
carbon dioxide is excreted when it next returns to the
lungs.

Health issues involving the circulatory system-

Common diseases of the circulatory system include:

GRADE 9 NATURAL SCIENCES DRAFT LESSON PLAN: SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY, INTEGRATED WITH CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 3|Page
 High Blood Pressure: This occurs when the force with
which the blood pushes against the walls of the
blood vessels is too high and can cause damage to
the capillaries and several organs.

Heart Attacks: Occur when a narrowing or blood clot

develops in one of the blood vessels that supplies the
heart muscle with blood. If the narrowing or blood
clot is big enough it can stop the blood flow to the
heart muscle and can stop the heart from pumping
which is called a heart attack. The person can die.

Strokes: Occur when cells in your brain are deprived

of oxygen. This often occurs as a result of a blockage
in the blood vessels leading to the brain, or when one
of these vessels rupture (break or burst open).

The respiratory system:

Closely linked to the circulatory system is the
respiratory system. The circulatory system maintains
the circulation of blood in the body while the
respiratory system deals with the exchange of gases
in your body.

Purpose of the respiratory system

The respiratory system is responsible for supplying the
body's cells with oxygen and for removing carbon
dioxide.

Components of the respiratory system:

Various organs play a vital role in the respiratory
system.

GRADE 9 NATURAL SCIENCES DRAFT LESSON PLAN: SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY, INTEGRATED WITH CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 4|Page
 A diagram of the structures that make up the respiratory system
1. Mouth and nose
Oxygen rich air enters the body through the mouth
and nose where it is warmed.
2. Trachea (also called the windpipe)
The trachea is a tube that enters the chest and
allows air to flow from the mouth into the bronchi and
from there into the lungs. It is kept open by cartilage
rings.
When dust particles and germs in the air enter the
trachea during inhalation, the mucus lining the
trachea traps these particles and the cilia work
together to move them out of the body. When you
sneeze or cough you expel the mucus
and foreign particles from your body.

3. Bronchi
The trachea splits into two air tubes, called bronchi
that connect to each of the lungs. These tubes divide
even further into smaller and smaller tubes that
connect with the tiny air bags (alveoli) of the lungs.
4. Lungs
The main organs of the respiratory system are the
lungs. The tiny alveoli or air bags in the lung are
surrounded by small capillaries where gaseous
exchange takes place.
5. Diaphragm

GRADE 9 NATURAL SCIENCES DRAFT LESSON PLAN: SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY, INTEGRATED WITH CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 5|Page
 This dome shaped muscle below the lungs enables
you to breathe. When it contracts, it moves
downwards, and your lungs fill with air. When it
relaxes again it moves upwards and forces the air out
of your lungs. This is the main muscle used for
breathing.

This diagram helps us to understand how breathing occurs showing

how the diaphragm contracts and relaxes.

Main processes in the respiratory system

Three distinct processes occur in the respiratory
system:
• Breathing occurs when we take oxygen into the
body (lungs) and push carbon dioxide out of the
body.
Breathing is a physical process involving two phases:
– Inhalation - drawing air in; diaphragm contracts
and flattens; chest expands; air rushes into lungs
– Exhalation - pushing air out; diaphragm relaxes and
bulges upwards; chest returns to normal size; air is
squeezed
• Gaseous exchange occurs at two places in the
body by a process called diffusion:
– in the lungs, oxygen diffuses into the blood from the
lungs and
carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood back into the
lungs

GRADE 9 NATURAL SCIENCES DRAFT LESSON PLAN: SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY, INTEGRATED WITH CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 6|Page
 – in the body tissues; oxygen diffuses from the blood
into the cells and carbon dioxide diffuses from the
cells into the blood.

Cellular respiration is a chemical process that occurs

within the mitochondria of cells and involves the
breakdown of food to release energy.

Health issues involving the respiratory system

Some common health issues of the respiratory system
are:
• Asthma: caused by allergies that inflame and
narrow the airways; breathing becomes difficult
because air cannot enter and exit the lungs freely.
Symptoms include severe coughing, wheezing and
chest tightness.

• Bronchitis: caused by exposure to infectious

microorganisms or air pollution. This results in the
build-up of mucus in the bronchioles. Mucus prevents
the free movement of air into the lungs and
breathing becomes difficult.

• Pneumonia: an infection in the lungs where the

alveoli fill with fluid

• TB (Tuberculosis): an infectious disease caused by

the bacteria, Mycobacterium

Lung cancer: Smoking is one of the causes of cancer

of the lungs. Tumours develop in the lung tissue which
block the movement of air into and out of the lungs.

GRADE 9 NATURAL SCIENCES DRAFT LESSON PLAN: SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY, INTEGRATED WITH CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 7|Page
 Parents would teach similar concepts to what
teachers would teach, as indicated above – this
could be a repeat of the teacher’s lesson.
KEY QUESTIONS:
• How does the body do the things it does, such
as breathe, move and think?
PARENTS • What happens when one of the systems in our
bodies does not work properly and has a 'system
error'?
• Is it possible to prevent ourselves from getting
sick?
• How can you best look after your body?
Learner Activities:
LEARNERS’
ACTIVITIES Learner information is provided in the worksheet below.
Informal Assessment Activities and memos are provided in the worksheets below.
GRADE 9 NATURAL SCIENCES DRAFT LESSON PLAN: SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY, INTEGRATED WITH CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
Tips to parents:
Learners are provided with information that
is followed by activities. The information
and activities are designed in such a way
that parents should not need to explain any
of the content. Should a learner struggle to
understand content, a parent can support
in the following ways.
• Ask the learner to read the information
provided out loud or explain to you the
given information in their own words.
• If they are still stuck, ask them to
formulate a proper question or statement
to explain what they are stuck with.
• If they have contact with a teacher,
encourage them to post the question. If
not, help them to write down the
question in a workbook so that they can
follow up later.
• Monitor that all worksheet questions are
answered by learners.
Laboratory Equipment: goggles,
test tubes, small beakers (or test
tubes), rubber tubes or drinking
straws, 20 ml syringe (or larger if
available), Bunsen burner
Materials: green leaves, iodine
solution, ethanol, lime water,
drinking straws, white tile
Natural Sciences Textbooks/
Siyavula Workbooks (Pages: 4 -
25)
Access to:
• Science journal / Workbook
/writing pad, pencils, laptop
/ tablets / smart phones
• Data
8|Page
Activity Worksheet 1:
Systems in the Human body: Circulatory & respiratory System Consolidation Activity

QUESTION 1

Match the description in COLUMN I with the term in COLUMN II.

Write only the letter (A–L) next to the question number (1.1–1.5).

COLUMN I COLUMN II
1.1 Blood with oxygen A. diffusion
1.2 Blood vessels that transport blood from heart to organs B. cellular respiration
1.3 Transport of gases across membranes C. diaphragm
1.4 Chemical process that occurs within the mitochondria D. oxygenated blood
of cells to release the chemical energy in food.
1.5 Dome shaped muscular plate involved in breathing E. veins
F. arteries
G. deoxygenated blood

(5)
QUESTION 2
Draw a simple flow diagram to show how blood is circulated around the body in
a closed system. (10)

QUESTION 3
Draw a table to show the differences, both in structure and function between
the three different kinds of blood vessels. (7)

QUESTION 4

Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow:

4.1 Identify the labels A- E. (5)

4.2 Explain TWO ways in which part B is suited for its function. (4)

GRADE 9 NATURAL SCIENCES DRAFT LESSON PLAN: SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY, INTEGRATED WITH CIRCULATORY AND
RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 9|Page
4.3 Study the position of part E. Is this inhalation or exhalation? (1)
4.4 Give a reason for your answer in QUESTION 4.3. (2)
(12)

QUESTION 5
The effect of exercise on the heart rate of four members of a group was
investigated. Their heart rate was measured during exercise and it was measured
when they were resting. The results of the investigation are shown in the graph
below.

Study the graph and answer the questions that follow.

5.1 Formulate a hypothesis for this investigation. (2)

5.2 Identify the dependent variable. (1)
5.3 Identify the independent variable. (1)
5.4 Which group member (1,2, 3 or 4) is the fittest? (1)
5.5 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 5.4. (2)
(7)

QUESTION 6

The diagram below shows the apparatus that is used to demonstrate the
mechanism of breathing.

GRADE 9 NATURAL SCIENCES DRAFT LESSON PLAN: SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY, INTEGRATED WITH CIRCULATORY AND
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6.1 Identify the structure in the human breathing system that is represented by each
of the following parts:
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C (3)

6.2 State what would happen to the following if the part labelled E is moved to
position D.

(a) Balloons
(b) Volume of air in the bell jar (3)

6.3 Explain why this apparatus is considered as a poor representation of the

breathing system of humans. (3)
(7)

Systems in the body Consolidation Activity - Marking Guideline

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

QUESTION 1
1.1 D✓
1.2 F✓
1.3 A✓
1.4 B✓
1.5 C✓ (5)

QUESTION 2

Flow chart to show how blood is circulated around body

Criteria for marking:

Correct heading (H) – 2 marks ✓✓
1 mark for each correct part of blood flow (S) – 6 marks
Direction of blood flow correct (D) – 2 marks ✓✓ (10)
GRADE 9 NATURAL SCIENCES DRAFT LESSON PLAN: SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY, INTEGRATED WITH CIRCULATORY AND
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QUESTION 3

Table to show differences between structure and function of blood vessels.

Arteries Veins Capillaries

Structure Thick muscular Thin muscle layer ✓ No muscle layer
elastic wall ✓ and very thin ✓
Function Transport blood Transport blood to Allow movement
away from heart ✓ heart ✓ of nutrients
between blood
and body cells✓
1 Mark for table (T) ✓ (7)

QUESTION 4

4.1 A. larynx ✓
B. trachea ✓
C. Bronchi ✓
D. lung ✓
E. diaphragm ✓ (5)

4.2 - has C-shaped cartilage rings✓ to prevent it from collapsing ✓

- has cilia ✓ to keep dust out ✓ (4)

4.3 Exhalation ✓ (1)

4.4 Diaphragm✓ is curved/upwards ✓ (2)

(12)

QUESTION 5

5.1 Exercise increases/decreases the heart rate ✓✓ (2)

5.2 Heart rate (beats per minute) ✓ (1)
5.3 Exercise ✓ (1)
5.4 3✓ (1)
5.5 Normally, physically fit people have lower heart rates and those who don't (2)
exercise much have higher heart rates.
(7)

QUESTION 6

6.1 (a) Trachea ✓

(b) Chest cavity ✓
(c) Lung ✓ (3)

6.2 (a) deflate/become smaller ✓

(b) increase ✓ (2)

6.3 No breathing muscles ✓to expand or shrink ✓ (2)

(7)

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