Grading – the act of excavating or
filling of earth or any sound
material or combination thereof, in
preparation for a finishing surface
such as paving
Grade Beam-
Chase- a vertical space in a
building intended for ducts, pipes,
wire, and Cables
Flashing- the material use for the
process of making watertight the
roof
Escutcheon - the hardware on a
door to accommodate the knob and
lockset keyhole
Laquer Color - a commercial term
for pigment added to paint for
plastered surface
Sleepers- horizontal timber laid slab
and to which flooring is nailed
Fabrication - process of forming
concrete forms
Damproofers- material used to
reduce or stop the penetration
moisture through the concrete.
Reduces permeability.
3” x 6” x 18” = 27 board feet
Stirrups- rings that will hold the
main beam rebars
Two way slab – type of slab that
will use if the ratio of the length
over the breath is less than 2
Lateral ties- term used for the
rings that will hold the main column
rebars
Open pouring- type of pouring is
used for cement mixture of class B
is being poured for a footing having
the size of 60” x 60”
One way slab – type of slab you
will use if the ratio of the length
over the breadth is more than 2
Shear Wall- structural system
composed of braced panels to
counter the effect of lateral loads
acting on the structure
6 meters- standard length of a steel
bar
.075 meters- concrete cover for
footing
1 ½ “– concrete cover of columns
GA 16 – standard gauge of tie wire
200x200mm – standard height and
length of a 4” CHB in mm
16mm- equivalent diameter in
millimeter of a Number 5 deformed
bar
20mm- minimum concrete cover
for bars 20 mm(no.6) and larger for
shells and folded plate members for
cast-in-place concrete but not
exposed to the earth.
Latex- paint to use on an enclosed
space.
Flush Door- type of door that are
made by using a timber frame which
is covered by plywood
Close pouring – type of pouring for
beams
Poured on the same day- slab and
beam
Friction Pile- a pile that transfer its
load to the soil through friction with
the earth surrounding it
Fink Truss
Wall footing- a continuous type of
spread footing that supports vertical
load the weight of the wall itself,
and weight of the footing
Short Columns - occur when the
unsupported height is not greater
than 10 times the shortest lateral
dimension of the cross section
Creep- the tendency of most
materials to move or deform
overtime under a constant load. The
amount of movement varies
enormously depending upon the
material. The area that is highly
stressed will move the most. The
movement causes stresses to be
redistributed.
Spiral Columns/ Circular column-
– columns with longitudinal bars
and closely spaced continuous spiral
hooping
Tied Columns – columns with
longitudinal Bars and lateral ties
Long Columns – occur when the
unsupported height is more than 10
times the shortest lateral dimensions
of the cross section
Combined columns – type of
column where structural steel is
encased in concrete of at least 7 cm
thick, reinforced with wire mess
surrounding the column at a
distance of 3cm inside the outer face
of the concrete cover
Composite Columns – type of
column where structural steel
columns are embedded into the
concrete core of a spiral column.
Lally Columns/ Laly columns –
are fabricated steel pipes provided
with flat steel plates which holds a
girder or girt, and is filled with
grout or concrete to prevent
corrosion.
Dowel Bars – are short bars used to
transfer the stress at the bottom of
the columns to the footings.
Wood Pile Foundation/ Timber
Pile Foundation – type of
foundation when it is required to
build upon a compressible soil
saturated with water and of
considerable depth, this is the most
practicable method of obtaining a
solid and enduring foundation for
buildings of moderate height.
Tie beam- use to stiffen the whole
building on the foundation level
which helps in minimizing the
settlement and displacement for a
foundation.
Brad Nail – a small finishing nail
Shallow / Spread – foundations are
employed when stable soil of
adequate bearing capacity occurs
relatively near the ground surface
Retaining Wall – a wall whose
purpose is to resist the thrust of a
bank of earth or other material
Combined Footing – type of
footing use when two columns are
too close to each other and that the
use of isolated footing is no longer
practical
Cantilevered Footing – type of
footing the exterior and interior
columns are connected by a tie
beam or strap which is so extended
to support the exterior column.
Deep Footing / Deep foundations-
are employed when the soil
underlying a shallow foundation is
unstable or of inadequate soil
bearing capacity. They extend down
through unsuitable soil too transfer
building loads to a more appropriate
bearing stratum of rock or dense
sand and gravel well below the
superstructure.
Piling System/ Pile foundation/
pile footing - I s a system of end
bearing or friction piles, pile caps,
and tie beams for transferring
building loads down to a suitable
bearing stratum.
End Bearing Piles – piles that
depend principally on the bearing
resistance of soil or rock beneath
their feet for support
Raft/ Mat / Floating – foundation
is a type of footing used on sol of
low bearing capacity where there is
a tendency towards unequal
settlements due to unequal loading
of soil.
Kamada Stones / Stone Boilers –
name use for the percolator stones
under the base of footings.
Weather stripping- used along
the edge and bottom of doors to
provide a tight seal against water
and air infiltration
Bond- a masonry unit laid on its
end with its face perpendicular to
the face of the wall
Point of Inflection - the pont in a
beam where the negative moment
changes to positive moment
Diagonal Bars / 3pcs. Diagonal
bars- rebars to be placed at the
corner of slabopenings or at the
corner of cantelivered balconies
L/3 or 1/3- required distance in L of
extra top bars of beams from the
face of column supports
Retarders- the materials used to
slow down the hydration of cement
especially during extreme hot
weather
Concrete Proportion
Class AA 1:1 ½: 3
Class A 1:2:4
Class B 1:2 ½: 5
Class C 1: 3: 6
Vernacular Term
Banisters – Barandillas
Baseboard – rodapis
Beam- biga
Colar plate- sinturon
Floor joists- soleras
Fascia board- senepa
Ceiling joists- kostilyahe
Concrete slab- ladrilyo/ batidura
Framework – balangkas
Collar plate- sinturon
Purlins – reostra
Masonry fill – lastilyas
Plastering – rebokada
CHB Concrete Hollow Block-
asintada
Bottom chord- barakilan
Wainscoating tiles- asolehos
Wrought iron strap- platswela
Cabinet hinge- espolon
Brace- pie de gallo
Canto Mesa- miter
Adobe Anchor – Liyabe
Alignment – asintada
Aligned – kalinya
Alternate / Staggered – unositora