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(c) Similarities:
Differences:
Similarities:
Differences:
Number of chamber in Three (2 atria, 1 Four (2 atria, 2 ventricle) Two (1 atria, 1 ventricle)
the heart ventricle)
Similarities: Similarity:
• Has blood, heart and blood vessels ■ Both carries oxygenated blood
• Closed, blood flow in blood vessels ■ Both structure of the walls are three layers
Differences: ■ The walls are made up of smooth muscles
Fish Human Differences:
Structure of One atrium and Two atria and
the heart one ventricle two ventricles Blood vessel Q Blood vessel P
(aorta) (pulmonary vein)
Only Oxygenated Aorta Pulmonary vein
deoxygenated and
blood flows deoxygenated Blood flow away Blood flow into the
through the blood are not from heart heart
heart mixed in the
Thick, muscular / Thin, less muscular /
ventricles
elastic less elastic
Type of Closed and Closed and to withstand high for low blood pressure
circulation single double pressure
Lumen size / diameter
Blood flows Blood flows Lumen size / diameter is large
through the through the is small
Have valves
heart only once heart twice
Have no valve
Need to maintain the
No need to maintain blood flow one way
the blood flow one
Carries blood from the
way
lung to the heart
Carries blood from
the heart to all parts
of the body
• It starts with the Sino-atrial node (SAN) which Less oxygen and nutrients supply to the cells
acts like a pacemaker which initiates heartbeat. Less energy generated due to decrease in cellular
• Then it generates a wave of impulses which respiration
spread to the two atria. causing numbness/tingling sensation on leg due to
• Then the atria contract simultaneously causing lack of blood flow
blood to be forced out to the ventricles. might develop varicose vein due to excessive
• The atria-ventricular node (AVN) is then pressure on vein and causes enlargement of vein
stimulated. Impulses are conducted by the bundle
(e)
of His and Purkinje fibres to the ventricular walls.
X Y
• Both ventricles contract to pump the blood out of Artery Vein
the heart.
Thick/ more elastic / Thin /less elastic / less
• The right ventricle pumps the blood into the muscular wall to muscular wall
pulmonary artery, then forces the blood to the withstand higher
lungs. blood pressure Big lumen
• The left ventricle generates greater pressure to Small lumen Present of valve
pump the blood through the aorta to other arteries
So that there is faster Valves prevent the
in the body.
flow of blood in X backflow of blood
Transport
No valve
deoxygenated blood
Transport oxygenated (except pulmonary
blood (except vein)
pulmonary artery)
To transport carbon
To supply oxygen to dioxide from the body
the body cells cells