‫ح‬

‫ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫اﳉﺰء اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬

‫)ﻛﺘﺎب ا ﺼﻴﺎم(‬
‫ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ‬

‫ﺃﻡ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻠْﻢ‬

‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
 ‫‪َ‬‬
‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ِﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻡ‬
‫﴿‪= < ; : 9 8 7 6 5 4 3‬‬
‫>?@﴾]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[١٨٣ :‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎم‪ :‬أﺻﻠﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬اﻹﻣﺴﺎك‪.‬‬
‫وﰲ اﻟﴩع‪ :‬اﻹﻣﺴﺎك ﻋﻦ اﳌﻔﻄﺮات ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﻮع اﻟﻔﺠﺮ إﱃ ﻏﺮوب‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﺗﻴﺴﲑ اﻟﻌﻼم‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺎن ﻓﺮض رﻣﻀﺎن ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎن ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳍﺠﺮة‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎم ‪-‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫اﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻊ رﻣﻀﺎﻧﺎت‪ .‬اﻫ‬

‫ﳐﲑا ﺑﲔ أن ﻳﺼﻮم أو ﻳﻔﺪي‪ ،‬واﻟﺼﻮم‬

‫أول ﻣﺎ ﻓﺮض اﻟﺼﻮم ﻛﺎن اﳌﻄﻴﻖ ً‬
‫أﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،﴾TS RQ﴿ :‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺴﺦ اﻟﺘﺨﻴﲑ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ .﴾yxwvu﴿ :‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ‪» :‬ﻻ َﺗ َﻘﺪﱠ ُﻣﻮا‬

‫‪َ -١٨١‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬

‫َﺎن َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُم َﺻ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ُﺼ ْﻤ ُﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎن ﺑِ َﺼ ْﻮ ِم َﻳ ْﻮ ٍم َو َﻻ َﻳ ْﻮ َﻣ ْ ِ‬

‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َر ُﺟ ًﻼ ﻛ َ‬ ‫َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩١٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (١٠٨٢‬واﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫اﻻﺣﺘِﻴ ِ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎط‬ ‫ﺎن ﺑِ َﺼ ْﻮ ِم َﻳ ْﻮ ٍم ُﻳ َﻌﺪﱡ ﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﺼﺪ ْ َ‬‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻻ َﺗ َﻘﺪﱠ ُﻣﻮا( َﻻ ُﻳ َﺘ َﻘﺪﱠ ُم َر َﻣ َﻀ ُ‬
‫ﻒ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻟﻪ؛ َﻓﺈِ ﱠن ﺻﻮﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺗَﺒِ ٌﻂ ﺑِﺎﻟﺮ ْؤﻳ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ ﺣﺎﺟ َﺔ إِ َﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻜ ﱡﻠ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َُ ُْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫واﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‪ .‬وﺑﻪ ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﻮوي‪ .‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(١٩٤/٧) ‬‬

‫ﰐ‬ ‫وروى اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪َ (٦٨٦‬ﻋ ْﻦ ِﺻ َﻠ َﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُز َﻓ َﺮ َﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ َﻋ ﱠﲈ ِر ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻳ ِ ٍ‬

‫ﺎﴎ َﻓ ُﺄ ِ َ‬
‫ﺑِ َﺸ ٍﺎة َﻣ ْﺼﻠِ ﱠﻴ ٍﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛ ُﻠﻮا‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺘﻨ ﱠَﺤﻰ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﺾ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِم‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪ :‬إِ ﱢﲏ َﺻ ِﺎﺋ ٌﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل َﻋ ﱠﲈ ٌر‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫ﺎﺳ ِﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﻪ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس َﻓ َﻘﺪْ َﻋﴡ َأﺑﺎ اﻟ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺎم اﻟﻴﻮم ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳ ُﺸ ﱡﻚ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َْ َ‬
‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ َم‬ ‫َﺎن َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُم َﺻ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ُﺼ ْﻤ ُﻪ( ﻓﻴﻪ َدﻟ ٌﻴﻞ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠن ﱠ‬ ‫)إﻻ َر ُﺟ ًﻼ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﱠ‬
‫ﺎن ﺑِ َﻴ ْﻮ ٍم َأ ْو ﺑِ َﻴ ْﻮ َﻣ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺖ ا ْﻟﻌﺎد ُة ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌُﻌﺘَﺎد إ َذا وا َﻓ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻮز َﺻ ْﻮ ُﻣ ُﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳚ ُ‬ ‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ َﻣﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫َو َﻻ َﻳﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ َ ْﲢ َﺖ اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻬ ِﻲ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﻮاز ﻗﻮل )رﻣﻀﺎن( ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ‬

‫ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬

‫ﺎن َأ ْو َﺷ ْﻬ ُﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ٌ‬

‫ﺎب‪َ :‬ﻫ ْﻞ ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل َر َﻣ َﻀ ُ‬
‫ﺎن‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ر َأى ُﻛ ﱠﻠﻪ و ِ‬
‫اﺳ ًﻌﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َر َﻣ َﻀ َ َ َ ْ َ‬
‫وأﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َأ ِﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮ َة ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﺗ ُﻘﻮ ُﻟﻮا َر َﻣ َﻀ ُ‬
‫ﺎن؛‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ََْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺎن«‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‬ ‫ﺎن ْاﺳ ٌﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺳ َﲈ ِء اﷲ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ ُﻗﻮ ُﻟﻮا َﺷ ْﻬ ُﺮ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫َﻓﺈِ ﱠن َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫ﻛﲈ ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪.(٦٧٦٨) ‬‬
 ‫‪َ‬‬
‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ َﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬
‫ﻮل‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -١٨٢‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪاﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َر ُﺳ َ‬

‫ﻮﻣﻮا‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا َر َأ ْﻳﺘ ُُﻤﻮ ُه َﻓ َﺄ ْﻓﻄِ ُﺮوا‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن ُﻏ ﱠﻢ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻜ ُْﻢ َﻓﺎ ْﻗﺪُ ُروا‬
‫»إ َذا َر َأ ْﻳﺘ ُُﻤﻮ ُه َﻓ ُﺼ ُ‬
‫َﻟ ُﻪ«‪.‬‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٠٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٨٠‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬إ َذا َر َأ ْﻳﺘ ُُﻤﻮ ُه( أي‪ :‬اﳍﻼل؛ ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎء ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺮواﻳﺎت‪َ :‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َذﻛ ََﺮ‬
‫اﳍ َﻼ َل‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ُﺗ ْﻔﻄِ ُﺮوا َﺣﺘﱠﻰ ﺗ ََﺮ ْو ُه «‪.‬‬
‫ﺎن َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ ﺗَﺼﻮﻣﻮا ﺣﺘﱠﻰ ﺗَﺮوا ْ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ َ‬ ‫َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬

‫ﱰ ُط ُر ْؤ َﻳ ُﺔ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ‬ ‫ﺾ ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤ َ‬
‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ُﻳ ْﺸ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪ :‬اﳌُ َﺮا ُد ُر ْؤ َﻳ ُﺔ َﺑ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬وﻛ ََﺬا َﻋﺪْ ٌل َﻋ َﲆ ْاﻷَ َﺻ ﱢﺢ‪َ .‬ﻫ َﺬا ِﰲ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ُر ْؤ َﻳ ُﺔ َﻋﺪْ َﻟ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﻴﻊ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫إِﻧ َْﺴﺎن‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ َﻳﻜْﻔﻲ َﲨ َ‬
‫ال ِﻋﻨْﺪَ َﲨِﻴ ِﻊ‬ ‫اﺣ ٍﺪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻫﻼل َﺷ ﱠﻮ ٍ‬ ‫ﻮز ﺑِ َﺸﻬﺎد ِة َﻋﺪْ ٍل و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﳚ ُ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ِم‪َ .‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ ا ْﻟﻔ ْﻄ ُﺮ َﻓ َﻼ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء إِ ﱠﻻ َأ َﺑﺎ َﺛ ْﻮ ٍر َﻓ َﺠ ﱠﻮ َز ُه ﺑِ َﻌﺪْ ٍل‪ .‬اﻫ‬

‫ﲪ ِﻦ ْﺑ ِﻦ َز ْﻳ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ‬‫اﻟﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﺎء ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (٢١١٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻫﺪَ ِ‬‫ﺎب ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ‪َ » :‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﺷ ِﻬﺪَ َﺷ ِ‬‫اﳋَ ﱠﻄ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻮﻣﻮا‬ ‫ان َﻓ ُﺼ ُ‬
‫َو َأ ْﻓﻄِ ُﺮوا«‪.‬‬

‫وﺟﺎء ﻋﻨﺪ أﰊ داود )‪ (٢٣٤٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﺗ ََﺮا َءى اﻟﻨ ُ‬
‫ﱠﺎس‬
‫ﱠﺎس ﺑِ ِﺼ َﻴ ِﺎﻣ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳍ َﻼ َل‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﺧﱪت رﺳ َ ِ‬
‫ِْ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ‪َ ‬أ ﱢﲏ َر َأ ْﻳ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺼﺎ َﻣ ُﻪ َو َأ َﻣ َﺮ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫َْ ُ َ ُ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻓﺈِ ْن ُﻏ ﱠﻢ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻜ ُْﻢ( َأ ْي‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺎل َﺑ ْﻴﻨَﻜ ُْﻢ َو َﺑ ْﻴﻨَ ُﻪ َﻏ ْﻴ ٌﻢ‪ .‬اﻫ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫ﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺣ ِﺴ ُﺒﻮا َﲤَﺎ َم اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻼﺛِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻓﺎ ْﻗﺪُ ُروا َﻟ ُﻪ( َأ ِي‪ :‬ا ْﻧ ُﻈ ُﺮوا ِﰲ َأ ﱠو ِل ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫اد‪َ ،‬و ِﻫ َﻲ َﻗ ْﻮﻟﻪ‪َ » :‬ﻓ َﺄﻛ ِْﻤ ُﻠﻮا‬
‫ﺎت ْاﻷُ َﺧﺮ اﳌُﴫﺣ ُﺔ ﺑِﺎﳌُﺮ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ َوا َﻳ ُ‬‫َو ُﻳ َﺮ ﱢﺟ ُﺢ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺄ ِو َﻳﻞ ﱢ‬
‫ﻳﺚ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﳊ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺚ ﺑِ ْ َ‬‫اﳊَ ِﺪ ُ‬
‫ﴪ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲔ« َوﻧ َْﺤﻮ َﻫﺎ‪َ .‬و َأ ْو َﱃ َﻣﺎ ُﻓ ﱢ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻌﺪﱠ َة َﺛ َﻼﺛ َ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ أﺧﺮج أﺑﻮداود )‪َ (٢٣٢٦‬ﻋ ْﻦ ُﺣ َﺬ ْﻳ َﻔ َﺔ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮﻣﻮا َﺣﺘﱠﻰ ﺗ ََﺮ ُوا‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ َﺮ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ ﺗ ََﺮ ُوا ْاﳍ َﻼ َل‪َ ،‬أ ْو ُﺗﻜْﻤ ُﻠﻮا ا ْﻟﻌﺪﱠ ةَ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ُﺻ ُ‬ ‫» َﻻ ُﺗ َﻘﺪﱢ ُﻣﻮا ﱠ‬
‫اﳍ َﻼ َل‪َ ،‬أ ْو ُﺗﻜ ِْﻤ ُﻠﻮا ا ْﻟ ِﻌﺪﱠ َة«‪.‬‬
‫ِْ‬

‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ أﻗﻮال‪:‬‬

‫اﻷول‪ :‬ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﳉﻤﻬﻮر أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻋﱪة ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼف اﳌﻄﺎﻟﻊ؛ ﻟﻌﻤﻮم ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﻣﻮا ﻟِ ُﺮؤْ َﻳﺘِ ِﻪ َو َأ ْﻓﻄِ ُﺮوا ﻟِ ُﺮؤْ َﻳﺘِ ِﻪ«‪.‬‬
‫» ُﺻ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬أن ﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ رؤﻳﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﻢ رؤﻳﺔ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ...‬واﺣﺘﺞ ﳍﻢ‬
‫ﺎر ِ‬ ‫اﳊ ِ‬
‫ث‬ ‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن ُأ ﱠم ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ِﻞ ﺑِﻨ َْﺖ ْ َ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺚ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ (١٠٨٧‬ﻋ ْﻦ ﻛ َُﺮ ْﻳ ٍ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ُِﻬ ﱠﻞ َﻋ َ ﱠﲇ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ َم‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﻀ ْﻴ ُﺖ َﺣ َ‬
‫ﺎﺟﺘ ََﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺸﺎ ِم‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓ َﻘ ِﺪ ْﻣ ُﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎو َﻳ َﺔ ﺑِ ﱠ‬ ‫َﺑ َﻌ َﺜ ْﺘ ُﻪ إِ َﱃ ُﻣ َﻌ ِ‬
‫آﺧ ِﺮ‬‫اﳉﻤﻌ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َﻗ ِﺪﻣ ُﺖ اﳌَ ِﺪﻳﻨَ َﺔ ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎن َو َأﻧَﺎ ﺑِ ﱠ‬
‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺸﺎ ِم‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺮ َأ ْﻳ ُﺖ ْاﳍ َﻼ َل َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺔ ْ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫َر َﻣ َﻀ ُ‬
‫اﳍ َﻼ َل؟‬ ‫اﳍ َﻼ َل َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪ :‬ﻣﺘَﻰ ر َأﻳﺘُﻢ ْ ِ‬
‫َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺎس ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َذﻛَﺮ ْ ِ‬
‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺴ َﺄ َﻟﻨِﻲ َﻋ ْﺒﺪُ اﷲِ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒ ٍ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﱠﺎس‪َ ،‬و َﺻﺎ ُﻣﻮا‬ ‫اﳉ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ :‬أﻧ َ‬
‫ْﺖ َر َأ ْﻳ َﺘ ُﻪ؟ َﻓ ُﻘ ْﻠ ُﺖ‪َ :‬ﻧ َﻌ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬و َرآ ُه اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫َﻓ ُﻘ ْﻠ ُﺖ‪َ :‬ر َأ ْﻳﻨَﺎ ُه َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺔ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ ﻧ ََﺰ ُال ﻧ َُﺼﻮ ُم َﺣﺘﱠﻰ ُﻧﻜ ِْﻤ َﻞ‬ ‫ﺎوﻳ ُﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻟﻜِﻨﱠﺎ ر َأﻳﻨَﺎه َﻟﻴ َﻠ َﺔ اﻟﺴﺒ ِ‬
‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َو َﺻﺎ َم ُﻣ َﻌ ِ َ‬
‫ﺎو َﻳ َﺔ َو ِﺻ َﻴ ِﺎﻣ ِﻪ؟ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ‪َ ،‬ﻫﻜ ََﺬا‬ ‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﻧ ََﺮا ُه‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻘ ْﻠ ُﺖ‪َ :‬أ َو َﻻ َﺗ ْﻜﺘ َِﻔﻲ ﺑِ ُﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ ُﻣ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫َﺛ َﻼﺛِ َ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪.‬‬ ‫َأ َﻣ َﺮﻧَﺎ َر ُﺳ ُ‬
 ‫‪َ‬‬
‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻟﺰوم أﻫﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ وﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﲠﺎ ﻣﻦ اﳉﻬﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﲆ ﺳﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﲏ أرى ﻋﲆ ﺷﻌﺐ ﻛﻞ دوﻟﺔ أن ﻳﺼﻮم ﻣﻊ دوﻟﺘﻪ‪،‬‬

‫وﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻴﺼﻮم ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ وﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﳑﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ أو ﺗﺄﺧﺮت؛ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ داﺋﺮة اﳋﻼف ﰲ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ‬
‫وﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﻀﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﲤﺎم اﳌﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ »ﺗ ََﺴ ﱠﺤ ُﺮوا َﻓﺈِ ﱠن‬ ‫َﺲ ﺑ ِﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ِ ٍ‬

‫ﻚ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫‪َ -١٨٣‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأﻧ ِ ْ َ‬
‫ِﰲ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ِ‬
‫ﻮر َﺑ َﺮ َﻛ ًﺔ«‪.‬‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٢٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٩٥‬‬

‫ﲨﺎع ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻹ ْ َ‬‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﺗ ََﺴ ﱠﺤ ُﺮوا( ﻇﺎﻫﺮ اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﻮﺟﻮب‪َ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺑﻦ اﳌُﻨْﺬر ْ ِ‬
‫ﻮر ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻏ ْ ِﲑ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎب َﺑ َﺮﻛَﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤﻮر‪ .‬وﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ُ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺑﻴﺔ ّ‬
‫إِﳚ ٍ ِ‬
‫ﻮر(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ُ‬ ‫ﺎب؛ ﻷَ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ‪َ ‬و َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ َﺑ ُﻪ َو َ‬
‫اﺻ ُﻠﻮا َو َﱂ ْ ُﻳ ْﺬﻛ َِﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎر ﱠي َأ َرا َد ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ‪ِ ) :‬ﻷَ ﱠن‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪َ :‬وا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻳ ْﻈ َﻬ ُﺮ ِﱄ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺷﺎر َة إِ َﱃ ﺣ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺚ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة‪َ ...‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺻ ُﻠﻮا‪ ...‬ا َﻟ ْﺦ( ْ ِ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ‪َ ‬و َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ َﺑ ُﻪ َو َ‬
‫اﳍ َﻼ َل َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ﺗ ََﺄ ﱠﺧ َﺮ َﻟ ِﺰ ْد ُﺗﻜ ُْﻢ«‪َ ،‬ﻓﺪَ ﱠل َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‬ ‫واﺻ َﻞ ِﲠِﻢ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ُﺛﻢ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ُﺛﻢ ر َأوا ْ ِ‬
‫ْ َْ ً ﱠ َْ ً ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﲠ ْﻢ؛ َﻓﺈِ ﱠن ا ْﻟ ِﻮ َﺻ َﺎل‬
‫اﺻ َﻞ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻮر َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑِ َﺤﺘ ٍْﻢ؛ إِ ْذ َﻟ ْﻮ َﻛ َ‬
‫ﺎن َﺣﺘ ًْﲈ َﻣﺎ َو َ‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠن ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ َ‬
‫ﻮر‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ِ‬ ‫َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻠ ِﺰ ُم ﺗ َْﺮ َك ﱡ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ ُﻳﺘ ََﺴ ﱠﺤ ُﺮ ﺑِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻮر‪ :‬ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻓﺈِ ﱠن ِﰲ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ِ‬
‫ﻮر َﺑ َﺮ َﻛ ًﺔ( ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ُ‬
‫َوﺑِ َﻀ ﱢﻤ َﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ‪َ .‬ﻫ َﺬا ُﻫ َﻮ ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺮ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﺴﺤﻮر ﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ زﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺴﺤﺮ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬وﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫وﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﱪ َﻛ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﺛﺒﻮت اﳋﲑ اﻹﳍﻲ ﰲ اﻟﴚء‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﳌﻔﺮدات‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺮاﻏﺐ‪.‬‬

‫ََ‬
‫اﳋُﺪْ ِر ﱢي ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﺪ ْ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ﰲ ‪‬ﻣﺴﻨﺪ أﲪﺪ‪َ (١١٠٨٦) ‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺳ ِﻌ ٍ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫ﳚ َﺮ َع َأ َﺣﺪُ ﻛ ُْﻢ ُﺟ ْﺮ َﻋ ًﺔ‬‫ﻮر َأ ْﻛ ُﻠ ُﻪ َﺑ َﺮ َﻛ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ ﺗَﺪَ ُﻋﻮ ُه‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻮ َأ ْن َ ْ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ ‪ » :‬ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ﻮن َﻋ َﲆ اﳌُﺘ ََﺴ ﱢﺤ ِﺮ َ‬
‫ﻳﻦ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ﱠن اﷲَ َﻋﺰﱠ َو َﺟ ﱠﻞ َو َﻣ َﻼﺋِ َﻜ َﺘ ُﻪ ُﻳ َﺼ ﱡﻠ َ‬
‫ِﻣﻦ ﻣ ٍ‬
‫ْ َ‬
‫ﺎر َﻳ َﺔ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬د َﻋ ِﺎﲏ‬ ‫ﺎض ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪ أﰊ داود )‪َ (٢٣٤٤‬ﻋ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻌ ْﺮ َﺑ ِ‬
‫اء اﳌُ َﺒ َﺎر ِك«‪.‬‬
‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪» :‬ﻫ ُﻠﻢ إِ َﱃ ا ْﻟ َﻐﺪَ ِ‬ ‫رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻮر ِﰲ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ ‪ ‬إِ َﱃ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ِ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻛﺘﻪ أﻧﻪ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻷﻫﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻌ ْﻦ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻓﺼ ُﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ِﺻﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻣﻨَﺎ َو ِﺻ َﻴﺎ ِم‬ ‫ﺎص ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ْ َ َْ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﺤ ِﺮ« رواه ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٩٦‬‬ ‫َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ ا ْﻟﻜِﺘ ِ‬
‫َﺎب‪َ ،‬أ ْﻛ َﻠ ُﺔ ﱠ‬
‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﻮر َ ْﲢ ُﺼ ُﻞ ﺑِ ِﺠ َﻬﺎت ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌﺪﱢ َدة‪َ :‬وﻫ َﻲ ا ﱢﺗ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﺎع‬ ‫ﱪﻛَﺔ ِﰲ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎد ُة ِﰲ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺸ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪َ ،‬و ُﳐَﺎ َﻟ َﻔ ُﺔ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ ا ْﻟﻜِﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺎط‪،‬‬ ‫َﺎب‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻘ ﱢﻮي ﺑِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻟﻌ َﺒﺎ َدة‪َ ،‬و ﱢ َ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺼﺪَ َﻗ ِﺔ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻳ ْﺴ َﺄ ُل إِ ْذ َذ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫وﻣﺪَ ا َﻓﻌ ُﺔ ﺳ ِ‬
‫اك‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑِ ﱠ‬
‫ﻮع‪َ ،‬واﻟﺘ َﱠﺴ ﱡﺒ ُ‬‫اﳉ ُ‬‫اﳋُ ُﻠ ِﻖ ا ﱠﻟﺬي ُﻳﺜ ُﲑ ُه ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻮء ْ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ُ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟﺎ َﺑ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺎء َو ْﻗ َﺖ َﻣ ِﻈﻨ ِﱠﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻠﺬﻛ ِْﺮ واﻟﺪﱡ ﻋ ِ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻟِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳚﺘ َِﻤ ُﻊ َﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ْاﻷَﻛ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ْﻞ‪َ ،‬واﻟﺘ َﱠﺴ ﱡﺒ ُ‬ ‫َأ ْو َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ِم َﳌ ِ ْﻦ َأ ْﻏ َﻔ َﻠ َﻬﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ ْن َﻳﻨَﺎ َم‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َوﺗَﺪَ ُار ُك ﻧ ﱠﻴﺔ ﱠ‬
 ‫‪َ‬‬
‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬
‫‪٩‬‬

‫ﺖ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﺗ ََﺴ ﱠﺤ ْﺮﻧَﺎ َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫ﻚ َﻋﻦ َزﻳ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﺛﺎﺑِ ٍ‬ ‫َﺲ ﺑ ِﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ِ ٍ‬
‫ْ ْ ْ‬ ‫‪َ -١٨٤‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأﻧ ِ ْ َ‬
‫ﲔ‬ ‫ﻼة‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل َأﻧ ٌَﺲ‪ُ :‬ﻗ ْﻠﺖ ﻟ ِ َﺰ ْﻳ ٍﺪ‪ :‬ﻛ َْﻢ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﺑ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ ُﺛﻢ َﻗﺎم َإﱃ اﻟﺼ ِ‬ ‫رﺳ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ﲬ ِﺴ َ‬
‫ﲔ آ َﻳ ًﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ِ‬
‫ﻮر؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗﺪْ ُر َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻷَ َذان َو ﱠ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٢١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٩٧‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪ (‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻷدب ﰲ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة؛ وذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﺗَﺴ ﱠﺤﺮﻧَﺎ ﻣ َﻊ رﺳ ِ‬
‫َ ْ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻣﻊ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ‪ (‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﻼف ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬
‫)ﺗﺴﺤﺮﻧﺎ ﻧﺤﻦ ورﺳﻮل اﷲ( وﻧﺤﻮه‪ .‬اﻫ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮر؟( ﻓﻴﻪ اﳊﺮص ﻋﲆ ﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲔ اﻷَ َذان َو ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻛ َْﻢ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﺑ ْ َ‬
‫وﲢﺮﻳﺮ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬وﺗﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ‪ ،‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أوﻗﺎﲥﺎ‪ ،‬واﳌﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫وﻓﻴﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ اﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺤﻮر وﺗﺄﺧﲑه إﱃ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻃﻠﻮع اﻟﻔﺠﺮ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺈن اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ أن اﳌﺮاد ﺑﺎﻷذان ﻫﻨﺎ اﻵذان اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ .‬اﻫ‬

‫ﲬ ِﺴ َ‬
‫ﲔ آ َﻳ ًﺔ( أي‪ :‬ﻗﺪر ﻗﺮاءﲥﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻗﺪْ ُر َ ْ‬

‫ِ‬
‫ﻮر( وذﻛﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َﺳ ْﻬ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺎب َﺗ ْﺄﺧ ِﲑ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َﺳ ْﻌ ٍﺪ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨ ُْﺖ َأﺗ ََﺴ ﱠﺤ ُﺮ ِﰲ َأ ْﻫ ِﲇ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺗﻜ ُ‬
‫ﴎ َﻋﺘﻲ َأ ْن ُأ ْد ِر َك ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﺠﻮ َد َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫ُﻮن ُ ْ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪.‬‬‫رﺳ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺤ َﺒﺎﺑِ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ِ‬
‫ﻮر َو َﺗ ْﺄﻛﻴﺪ ْ‬ ‫وﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺎب َﻓ ْﻀ ِﻞ ﱡ‬
‫ﻴﻞ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ ِﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺎب َﺗ ْﺄ ِﺧ ِﲑ ِه َو َﺗ ْﻌ ِﺠ ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺤ َﺒ ِ‬
‫َو ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وق‬ ‫ﴪ ٌ‬ ‫وﺟﺎء ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ :(١٠٩٩‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻋﻄ ﱠﻴ َﺔ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬د َﺧ ْﻠ ُﺖ َأﻧَﺎ َو َﻣ ْ ُ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬ر ُﺟ َﻼ ِن ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤ ِ‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻘ ْﻠﻨَﺎ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ ُأ ﱠم اﳌُ ْﺆ ِﻣﻨ ِ َ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬‫ﺎب ُﳏ َ ﱠﻤﺪ ‪َ ،‬أ َﺣﺪُ ُ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻼةَ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْﻓ َﻄ َﺎر َو ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢﺧ ُﺮ ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺼ َﻼةَ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻵ َﺧ ُﺮ ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢﺧ ُﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﻓ َﻄ َﺎر َو ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﺠ ُﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﺠ ُﻞ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻼةَ؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻗ ْﻠﻨَﺎ َﻋ ْﺒﺪُ اﷲِ ‪َ -‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ ا ْﺑ َﻦ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﻓ َﻄ َﺎر َو ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﺠ ُﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫َأ ﱡ ُﳞ َﲈ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﺠ ُﻞ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺎن َﻳ ْﺼﻨ َُﻊ َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻮد ‪َ -‬ﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪ :‬ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌ ٍ‬
‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻮد ‪‬‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٧٢٤٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ :(١٠٩٣‬ﻋ ِﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ ﻣﺴﻌ ٍ‬
‫ْ َْ ُ‬
‫ﻮر ِه‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢذ ُن‬
‫ان ﺑِ َﻼ ٍل ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺳ ُﺤ ِ‬ ‫َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻤﻨَ َﻌ ﱠﻦ َأ َﺣﺪَ ﻛ ُْﻢ َأ َذ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫َﺎدي ‪ -‬ﻟِ َ ْﲑ ِﺟ َﻊ َﻗﺎﺋِ َﻤﻜ ُْﻢ‪َ ،‬و ُﻳﻨَﺒﱢ َﻪ ﻧَﺎﺋِ َﻤﻜ ُْﻢ«‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬أو َﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﻳﻨ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬وﻛﺎن اﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ أول ِ‬
‫اﻹﺳﻼم إذا وﻗﻊ اﻟﻨﻮم ﺑﻌﺪ ِ‬
‫اﻹﻓﻄﺎر ﱂ ﳛﻞ ﻣﻌﺎودة‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم واﻟﴩاب‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ رﺧﺺ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ إﱃ اﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬

‫ﺎب ُﳏ َ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫َﺎن َأ ْﺻ َﺤ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﱪ ِاء ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪َ (١٩١٥‬ﻋ ِﻦ َ َ‬
‫اﻹ ْﻓ َﻄ ُﺎر‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨَﺎ َم َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻔﻄِ َﺮ َﱂ ْ َﻳ ْﺄﻛ ُْﻞ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺘ ُﻪ َو َﻻ َﻳ ْﻮ َﻣ ُﻪ‬
‫ﴬ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ ُﻞ َﺻﺎﺋ ًﲈ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺤ َ َ‬ ‫إِ َذا ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﱠ‬
‫ﺎري ﻛ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْﻓ َﻄ ُﺎر َأﺗَﻰ‬‫ﴬ ِ‬ ‫َﺎن َﺻﺎﺋ ًﲈ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ﱠﲈ َﺣ َ َ‬ ‫ﴏ َﻣ َﺔ اﻷَﻧ َْﺼ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﴘ‪َ ،‬وإ ﱠن َﻗ ْﻴ َﺲ ْﺑ َﻦ ْ‬‫َﺣﺘﱠﻰ ُﻳ ْﻤ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺐ َﻟ َﻚ‪َ ،‬وﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻳ ْﻮ َﻣ ُﻪ‬ ‫ا ْﻣ َﺮ َأ َﺗ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل َﳍَﺎ‪َ :‬أﻋﻨْﺪَ ك َﻃ َﻌﺎ ٌم؟ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪َ :‬ﻻ َو َﻟﻜ ْﻦ َأ ْﻧ َﻄﻠ ُﻖ َﻓ َﺄ ْﻃ ُﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻒ‬‫َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻐ َﻠ َﺒ ْﺘ ُﻪ َﻋ ْﻴﻨَﺎ ُه‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺠﺎ َء ْﺗ ُﻪ ا ْﻣ َﺮ َأ ُﺗ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ﱠﲈ َر َأ ْﺗ ُﻪ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪َ :‬ﺧ ْﻴ َﺒ ًﺔ َﻟ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ﱠﲈ ا ْﻧﺘ ََﺼ َ‬
‫ﴚ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﺬﻛِ َﺮ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ﻟِﻠﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪َ ‬ﻓﻨ ََﺰ َﻟ ْﺖ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻵ َﻳ ُﺔ‪# " !﴿ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻨ َﱠﻬ ُﺎر ُﻏ َ‬
‫‪]﴾' & % $‬اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪َ [١٨٧ :‬ﻓ َﻔ ِﺮ ُﺣﻮا ِ َﲠﺎ َﻓ َﺮ ًﺣﺎ َﺷ ِﺪﻳﺪً ا‪َ ،‬وﻧ ََﺰ َﻟ ْﺖ‪:‬‬
‫﴿‪]﴾LKJIHGFEDC‬اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[١٨٧ :‬‬
 ‫‪َ‬‬
‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬
‫‪١١‬‬

‫ﻮر اﳌُ ْﺆ ِﻣ ِﻦ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﻤ ُﺮ« رواه‬ ‫ِ‬

‫َﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬ﻧ ْﻌ َﻢ َﺳ ُﺤ ُ‬
‫أﺑﻮداود )‪.(٢٣٤٥‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻳﺪْ ِر ُﻛ ُﻪ‬ ‫‪َ -١٨٥‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ َو ُأ ﱢم َﺳ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔ ‪َ :‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳ َ‬

‫ُﺐ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻫﻠِ ِﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻳ ْﻐﺘ َِﺴ ُﻞ َو َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُم‪.‬‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺠ ُﺮ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ُﺟﻨ ٌ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪١٩٢٥‬و‪ ،(١٩٢٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٠٩‬‬

‫ُﺐ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻫﻠِ ِﻪ( أي‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎع أﻫﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫)ﺟﻨ ٌ‬
‫ﻗﻮﳍﲈ‪ُ :‬‬
‫اﺣﺘِ َﻼ ٍم‪.‬‬ ‫خ)‪ ١٩٣١‬و‪ ،(١٩٣٢‬م)‪ (١١٠٩‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ ِ َ‬
‫ﲨﺎ ٍع َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ْ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺿﺎ أو ً‬
‫ﻧﻔﻼ؛ ﳍﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫* ﺻﺤﺔ ﺻﻮم ﻣﻦ أﺻﺒﺢ ﺟﻨ ًﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻠﻪ ً‬
‫وﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪]﴾' & % $ # " !﴿ :‬اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ ،[٨٧ :‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﴤ ﺟﻮاز اﻟﻮطء ﻣﺎ دام اﻟﻠﻴﻞ إﱃ آﺧﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﴐورة ﻣﻦ وﻃﺄ إﱃ‬
‫آﺧﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻨﻪ أن ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺟﻨ ًﺒﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬

‫وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺧﻼف ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﺮاﺟﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (١١٠٩‬رواﻳﺔ رﻗﻢ)‪َ :(٧٥‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺑﻜ ٍْﺮ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ‬
‫ﻮل ِﰲ َﻗ َﺼ ِﺼ ِﻪ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْد َر َﻛ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺠ ُﺮ ُﺟﻨُ ًﺒﺎ َﻓ َﻼ َﻳ ُﺼ ْﻢ‪َ .‬ﻓ َﺬﻛ َْﺮ ُت‬ ‫َأ َﺑﺎ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪َ ‬ﻳ ُﻘ ﱡ‬
‫ﺺ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳊ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﲪ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺎرث ‪ -‬ﻷَﺑِﻴﻪ ‪َ -‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﻧﻜ ََﺮ َذﻟ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻧ َﻄ َﻠ َﻖ َﻋ ْﺒﺪُ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫ﲪ ِﻦ ْﺑ ِﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫َذﻟ َﻚ ﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْ َ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﲪ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﻦ‬ ‫َوا ْﻧ َﻄ َﻠ ْﻘ ُﺖ َﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ َد َﺧ ْﻠﻨَﺎ َﻋ َﲆ َﻋﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ َو ُأ ﱢم َﺳ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺴ َﺄ َﳍ ُ َﲈ َﻋ ْﺒﺪُ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْ َ‬
‫َﺎن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ‪ُ ‬ﻳ ْﺼﺒِ ُﺢ ُﺟﻨُ ًﺒﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ُﺣ ُﻠ ٍﻢ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُم‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎﳘﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪ :‬ﻛ َ‬‫َذﻟ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓﻜ ْﻠﺘ ُ َ‬
‫ﲪ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل َﻣ ْﺮ َو ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ان‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓﺎ ْﻧ َﻄ َﻠ ْﻘﻨَﺎ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َد َﺧ ْﻠﻨَﺎ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ْﺮ َوا َن‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺬﻛ ََﺮ َذﻟ َﻚ َﻟ ُﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪُ ﱠ‬
‫ﻮل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓ ِﺠ ْﺌﻨَﺎ‬ ‫ت َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﻣﺎ َﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫َﻋ َﺰ ْﻣ ُﺖ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻚ إِ ﱠﻻ َﻣﺎ َذ َﻫ ْﺒ َﺖ إِ َﱃ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮةَ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺮ َد ْد َ‬
‫ﲪ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل َأ ُﺑﻮ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮةَ‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬
‫ﺎﴐ َذﻟ َﻚ ُﻛ ﱢﻠﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓ َﺬﻛ ََﺮ َﻟ ُﻪ َﻋ ْﺒﺪُ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫َأ َﺑﺎ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮةَ‪َ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺑﻜْﺮ َﺣ ُ‬
‫ﻮل ِﰲ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‬ ‫ﳘﺎ َأ ْﻋ َﻠ ُﻢ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َر ﱠد َأ ُﺑﻮ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة َﻣﺎ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫ﳘﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟﺘَﺎ ُه َﻟ َﻚ؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻧ َﻌ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ ُ :‬‬‫َأ ُ َ‬
‫ﺎس‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل َأ ُﺑﻮ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮةَ‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬و َﱂ ْ َأ ْﺳ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﻪ‬ ‫إِ َﱃ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻮل ِﰲ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪ُ ،‬ﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ ﻟ ِ َﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪاﳌَﻠِ ِﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺎن َﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓ َﺮ َﺟ َﻊ َأ ُﺑﻮ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة َﻋ ﱠﲈ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻳ ْﺼﺒِ ُﺢ ُﺟﻨُ ًﺒﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ُﺣ ُﻠ ٍﻢ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎن؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ﻛ َ‬ ‫َأ َﻗﺎ َﻟﺘَﺎ‪ِ :‬ﰲ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬

‫* أﲨﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﻋﲆ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺻﻮم ﻣﻦ أﺻﺒﺢ ﺟﻨ ًﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ اﺣﺘﻼم‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ‬

‫اﳌﺎوردي‪.‬‬

‫* وﻳﻘﺎس ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ اﳊﺎﺋﺾ واﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎء‪.‬‬

‫ﺎء ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ِﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ‬ ‫ﺾ واﻟﻨﱡ َﻔﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪ :‬وإِ َذا ا ْﻧ َﻘ َﻄﻊ دم ْ ِ‬
‫اﳊﺎﺋ ِ َ َ‬ ‫َ َُ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﺖ‬ ‫ﺎﳍﲈ‪ ،‬ﺻﺢ ﺻﻮﻣﻬﲈ‪ ،‬ووﺟﺐ َﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻬﲈ إِ ْﲤﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮاء ﺗَﺮﻛ ِ‬ ‫َﻃ َﻠﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻔﺠﺮ َﻗﺒ َﻞ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻏﺘ َﺴ َ َ ﱠ َ ْ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ ُ َ َ ٌ َ‬ ‫ُْ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻐ ْﺴ َﻞ َﻋ ْﻤﺪً ا َأ ْو َﺳ ْﻬ ًﻮا‪ ،‬ﺑِ ُﻌ ْﺬ ٍر َأ ْم ﺑِ َﻐ ْ ِﲑ ِه‪ ،‬ﻛ ْ‬
‫َﺎﳉُﻨ ِ‬
‫ُﺐ‪َ .‬ﻫ َﺬا َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ ُﺒﻨَﺎ َو َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ ُ‬
‫ﻒ‪ِ ،‬ﳑﱠﺎ َﻻ َﻧ ْﻌ َﻠ ُﻢ َﺻ ﱠﺢ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َأ ْم َﻻ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫ﺾ اﻟﺴ َﻠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻛَﺎ ﱠﻓ ًﺔ‪ ،‬إِ ﱠﻻ َﻣﺎ ُﺣﻜ َﻲ َﻋ ْﻦ َﺑ ْﻌ ِ ﱠ‬
 ‫‪َ‬‬
‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬
‫‪١٣‬‬

‫َﴘ َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﺻ ِﺎﺋ ٌﻢ‬‫ِ‬

‫‪َ -١٨٦‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣ ْﻦ ﻧ َ‬
‫ﴍ َب‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْﻠ ُﻴﺘِ ﱠﻢ َﺻ ْﻮ َﻣ ُﻪ؛ َﻓﺈِﻧ َﱠﲈ َأ ْﻃ َﻌ َﻤ ُﻪ اﷲُ َو َﺳ َﻘﺎ ُه«‪.‬‬
‫َﻓ َﺄﻛ ََﻞ َأ ْو َ ِ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٣٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٥٥‬‬

‫َﴘ َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﺻ ِﺎﺋ ٌﻢ َﻓ َﺄﻛ ََﻞ َأ ْو َ ِ‬
‫ﴍ َب( ﺧﺺ اﻷﻛﻞ واﻟﴩب ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻣ ْﻦ ﻧ َ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﺮ اﳌﻔﻄﺮات ﻷﳖﲈ أﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ وﻗﻮ ًﻋﺎ‪ ،‬وأﳖﲈ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﲈ ﺑﺨﻼف ﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪،‬‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺴﻴﺎن اﳉﲈع ﻧﺎدر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﱃ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬واﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﴤ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮ ًﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺪل ذﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻔﻲ اﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﲈ ﻋﺪاه‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬

‫ﲨﺎ ُﻋ ُﻪ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﻔﻄِ ُﺮ(‬

‫ﴍ ُﺑ ُﻪ َو ِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ٌ‬
‫ﺎب َأﻛ ُْﻞ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﳼ َو ُ ْ‬
‫ﴍب َأو ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻧ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ َد َﻻ َﻟ ٌﺔ َﳌِ ْﺬ َﻫ ِ‬
‫وﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َﺎﺳ ًﻴﺎ َﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﺋ َﻢ إِ َذا َأﻛ ََﻞ َأ ْو َ ِ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺐ ْاﻷَ ْﻛ َﺜ ِﺮ َ‬
‫ﻳﻦ َأ ﱠن ﱠ‬
‫ُﻳ ْﻔﻄِ ُﺮ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(٣٥/٨) ‬‬

‫ﻮس ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ إ ْذ‬ ‫‪َ -١٨٧‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺑ ْﻴﻨ ََﲈ ﻧ َْﺤ ُﻦ ُﺟ ُﻠ ٌ‬
‫ْﺖ‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻚ؟« َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬و َﻗ ْﻌ ُﺖ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ‪َ ،‬ﻫ َﻠﻜ ُ‬ ‫َﺟﺎ َء ُه َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻣ َﺮ َأ ِﰐ‪َ ،‬و َأﻧَﺎ َﺻ ِﺎﺋ ٌﻢ ‪َ -‬و ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ٍﺔ‪َ :‬أ َﺻ ْﺒ ُﺖ َأ ْﻫ ِﲇ ِﰲ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫ﺎن ‪َ -‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲡﺪُ َر َﻗ َﺒ ًﺔ ُﺗ ْﻌﺘ ُﻘ َﻬﺎ؟« َﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﻻ‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻓ َﻬ ْﻞ ﺗ َْﺴﺘَﻄ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ‪َ » :‬ﻫ ْﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫َر ُﺳ ُ‬

‫ﲡﺪُ إ ْﻃ َﻌﺎ َم ِﺳﺘ َ‬

‫ﱢﲔ‬ ‫ﲔ؟« َﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﻻ‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻓ َﻬ ْﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫َأ ْن ﺗ َُﺼﻮ َم َﺷ ْﻬ َﺮ ْﻳ ِﻦ ُﻣ َﺘﺘَﺎﺑِ َﻌ ْ ِ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﺴﻜِﻴﻨًﺎ؟« َﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﻻ‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓ َﻤﻜ َ‬
‫ﰐ‬‫َﺚ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ﷺ َﻓ َﺒ ْﻴﻨَﺎ ﻧ َْﺤ ُﻦ َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟ َﻚ ُأ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋِ ُﻞ؟« َﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ َﲤ ْ ٌﺮ ‪َ -‬وا ْﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ُق‪ :‬ا ْﳌ ْﻜﺘ َُﻞ ‪َ -‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬أ ْﻳ َﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ﷺ ﺑِ َﻌ َﺮ ٍق ﻓ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋ َﲆ َأ ْﻓ َﻘ َﺮ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ َﻳﺎ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َأﻧَﺎ‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ُ » :‬ﺧ ْﺬ َﻫ َﺬا‪َ ،‬ﻓﺘ ََﺼﺪﱠ َق ﺑِﻪ«‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل ﱠ‬
‫ﺖ َأ ْﻓ َﻘ َﺮ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫َﲔ ‪َ -‬أ ْﻫ ُﻞ ﺑﻴ ٍ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫اﳊ ﱠﺮﺗ ْ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ﻻ َﺑ َﺘ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ ‪ُ -‬ﻳ ِﺮﻳﺪُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ؟ َﻓ َ َﻮاﷲِ َﻣﺎ َﺑ ْ َ‬ ‫َر ُﺳ َ‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪ -‬ﷺ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﺑﺪَ ْ‬

‫ت َأ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ُﺑ ُﻪ‪ُ .‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ َﺑ ْﻴﺘِﻲ‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻀ ِﺤ َﻚ َر ُﺳ ُ‬

‫ﻚ«‪.‬‬ ‫» َأ ْﻃ ِﻌ ْﻤ ُﻪ َأ ْﻫ َﻠ َ‬
‫ﳊ ﱠﺮةُ‪ :‬اﻷَ ْر ُض ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ﺗ َْﺮ َﻛ ُﺒ َﻬﺎ ِﺣ َﺠ َﺎر ٌة ُﺳﻮ ٌد‪.‬‬ ‫ا َ‬

‫رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٣٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١١١‬‬

‫ﱰ ْﻗ ُﺖ( واﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات ﳎﺎز‬

‫اﺣ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻫ َﻠﻜ ُ‬
‫ْﺖ( وﰲ رواﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ْ ) :‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ اﻹﺛﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺆدي إﱃ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺟﻌﻞ اﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﺎﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻌﺪة‪.‬‬

‫وﺟﺎء ﰲ رواﻳﺔ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪) :‬ﻫﻠﻜﺖ وأﻫﻠﻜﺖ( واﺳﺘﺪل ﲠﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل‬

‫أن ﻋﲆ اﳌﺮأة ﻛﻔﺎرة‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻠﻔﻈﺔ ﺷﺎذة‪ ،‬ﺷﺬ ﲠﺎ اﳌﻌﲆ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﰲ‬
‫‪‬ﻣﻌﺎﱂ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺎﰊ‪ .‬راﺟﻊ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬

‫واﳌﺮأة ﺗﺄﺛﻢ إذا رﺿﻴﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﺔ ﻻ ﳾء ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪]﴾XWVUTS﴿ :‬اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪.[١٠٦ :‬‬
 ‫‪َ‬‬
‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫ﲔو ِ‬
‫اﻟﺰﺑِ ُﻴﻞ‬‫اﻟﺮاء‪َ ...‬و ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻌ َﺮ ِق ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﰐ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ‪ ‬ﺑِ َﻌ َﺮق( ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ َ ﱠ‬‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ُ ) :‬أ ِ َ‬
‫اي و ِزﻳﺎد ِة ﻧ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻧْﺒِ ُﻴﻞ ﺑِﻜ ْ ِ‬ ‫اي ِﻣﻦ َﻏ ِﲑ ﻧ ٍ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ ﱠ‬
‫ُﻮن َو ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل َﻟ ُﻪ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ ُﻘ ﱠﻔ ُﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫َﴪ ﱠ‬ ‫ُﻮن َو ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺰ ِ ْ ْ‬
‫واﻟﺴ ِﻔﻴ َﻔﺔ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺴﲔ اﳌﻬﻤﻠﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺋﲔ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫واﳌ ْﻜ َﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫ﲔ ﻻ َﺑ َﺘ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ( َأي اﳌَ ِﺪﻳﻨَﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ‪ :‬ﺣﺮﺗﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬واﻟﻼﺑﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﺎ َﺑ ْ َ‬
‫اﳊ َﺠ َﺎرة اﻟﺴﻮد‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊﺮة َذات ِْ‬
‫ْﱠ‬

‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬أ ْن ُﻳ ْﻌﺘِ َﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ﰲ رواﻳﺔ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪َ ) :‬أ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ‪َ ‬أ َﻣ َﺮ َر ُﺟ ًﻼ َأ ْﻓ َﻄ َﺮ ِﰲ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫ﱢﲔ ِﻣ ْﺴ ِﻜﻴﻨًﺎ( ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻔ َﻈ ُﺔ‬ ‫َر َﻗ َﺒ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻳ ُﺼﻮ َم َﺷ ْﻬ َﺮ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ُﻳ ْﻄ ِﻌ َﻢ ِﺳﺘ َ‬
‫ﱠﺨ ِﻴ ِﲑ‪َ ،‬ﺗ ْﻘ ِﺪ ُﻳﺮ ُه‪ُ :‬ﻳ ْﻌﺘِ َﻖ َأ ْو َﻳ ُﺼﻮ َم إِ ْن َﻋ َﺠ َﺰ َﻋ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻌﺘ ِْﻖ َأ ْو‬‫) َأ ْو( ُﻫﻨَﺎ ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺘ ْﻘ ِﺴﻴ ِﻢ َﻻ ﻟِﻠﺘ ْ‬
‫ﺎﻗ َﻴ ُﺔ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪‬‬ ‫ﺎت ا ْﻟﺒ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َوا َﻳ ُ َ‬ ‫ُﻳ ْﻄﻌ َﻢ إِ ْن َﻋ َﺠ َﺰ َﻋﻨ ُْﻬ َﲈ‪َ .‬و ُﺗ َﺒ ﱢﻴﻨُ ُﻪ ﱢ‬
‫)‪.(٢٢٧/٧‬‬

‫)‪(‬‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬

‫‪‬بُ ا‪   ‬ا‪  ‬و‪‬هِ‬

‫ﲪ َﺰ َة ْﺑ َﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ٍﺮو اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻠ ِﻤ ﱠﻲ َﻗ َﺎل ﻟِﻠﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ‪:‬‬

‫‪َ -١٨٨‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َ ْ‬
‫إن ِﺷﺌ َ‬
‫ْﺖ َﻓ ُﺼ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم ‪َ -‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ْ » :‬‬ ‫َأ َأﺻﻮم ِﰲ اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ؟ ‪ -‬وﻛ َ ِ‬
‫َﺎن ﻛَﺜ َﲑ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬
‫ْﺖ َﻓ َﺄ ْﻓﻄِ ْﺮ«‪.‬‬
‫ِﺷﺌ َ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ (١٩٤٣‬وﻫﺬا ﻟﻔﻈﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٢١‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺚ َدﻟ ِ ٌﻴﻞ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘ ْ‬
‫اﳊ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ِم َوا ْﻟﻔ ْﻄ ِﺮ ِﰲ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠﺨ ِﻴ ِﲑ َﺑ ْ َ‬ ‫َو ِﰲ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎن‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺢ ﺑِ َﺄ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺻ ْﻮ ُم َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬ ‫و َﻟﻴﺲ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ ﺗ ْ ِ‬
‫َﴫ ٌ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬

‫ﻚ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ ﻧ َُﺴﺎﻓِ ُﺮ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻢ َﻳ ِﻌ ِ‬

‫ﺐ‬ ‫َﺲ ﺑ ِﻦ ﻣﺎﻟِ ٍ‬
‫‪َ -١٨٩‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأﻧ ِ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ِﺎﺋ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﺋ ُﻢ َﻋ َﲆ ا ُﳌ ْﻔﻄ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬وﻻ ا ُﳌ ْﻔﻄ ُﺮ َﻋ َﲆ ﱠ‬
‫ﱠ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٤٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١١٨‬‬

‫اﻟﺼ ِﺎﺋ ِﻢ( ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﺼﺎﺋ ُﻢ َﻋ َﲆ اﳌُ ْﻔﻄ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ اﳌُ ْﻔﻄ ُﺮ َﻋ َﲆ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻢ َﻳ ِﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺐ َأ ْن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮم ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ُم اﳌُ ْﺮ َﺳ ُﻞ َﻓ َﻼ ُﻳﻨَﺎﺳ ُ‬ ‫اﺟ ُ‬ ‫دﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪َ :‬و َذﻟ َﻚ إﻧ َﱠﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎب‪ ،‬و َﻻ َﳛﺘَﺎج َإﱃ َﻧ ْﻔ ِﻲ ﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟﻮﻫ ِﻢ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُ َ َ ْ ُ‬
 ‫ِ‬
‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪ُ َ‬‬
‫ﺑﺎب اﻟﺼﻮ ِم ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫ﺎن ِﰲ‬‫ﲪ ْﻴ ٍﺪ َﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﺳ ِﺌ َﻞ َأﻧ ٌَﺲ ‪َ ‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬‫وﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﰲ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪َ :‬ﻋ ْﻦ ُ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ِﺎﺋ ُﻢ َﻋ َﲆ‬
‫ﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪ِ ‬ﰲ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻢ َﻳ ِﻌ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ؟ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪ :‬ﺳﺎ َﻓﺮﻧَﺎ ﻣ َﻊ رﺳ ِ‬
‫َ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ِﺎﺋ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﳌُ ْﻔﻄ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ اﳌُ ْﻔﻄ ُﺮ َﻋ َﲆ ﱠ‬
‫وﻫﺬا اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﴏﻳﺢ ﰲ ﺟﻮاز ﺻﻮم رﻣﻀﺎن ﰲ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -١٩٠‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟﺪﱠ ر َد ِاء ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺧﺮ ْﺟﻨَﺎ ﻣ َﻊ رﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ ِﰲ َﺷ ْﻬ ِﺮ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﺎن َأ َﺣﺪُ ﻧَﺎ َﻟ َﻴ َﻀ ُﻊ َﻳﺪَ ُه َﻋ َﲆ َر ْأ ِﺳ ِﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺎن ِﰲ ﺣﺮ َﺷ ِﺪ ٍ‬
‫ﻳﺪ‪َ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ ْ‬ ‫َﱟ‬ ‫َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬

‫اﺣ َﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﻓِﻴﻨَﺎ ﺻ ِﺎﺋﻢ إﻻﱠ رﺳ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬

‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ َو َﻋ ْﺒﺪُ اﷲ ْﺑ ُﻦ َر َو َ‬ ‫َ ٌ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﱠ ة ْ َ ﱢ َ َ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٤٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (١١٢٢‬واﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎن( اﻧﻔﺮد ﲠﺎ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ .‬وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ً‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ِ ) :‬ﰲ َﺷ ْﻬ ِﺮ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫ﺎن( ﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ‬ ‫ﺎر ِه(‪ .‬وﻟﻔﻈﺔ‪ِ ) :‬ﰲ َﺷ ْﻬ ِﺮ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬ ‫) ِﰲ َﺑ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺾ َأ ْﺳ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺬوذ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ‪‬اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ‬رﻗﻢ )‪.(١٩١‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﳌِ ْﻦ َﻗ ِﻮ َي َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ِم ِﰲ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫و ِﰲ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ َدﻟ ٌﻴﻞ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ْن َﻻ ﻛ ََﺮاﻫ َﻴ َﺔ ِﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َو َﱂ ْ ُﻳ ِﺼ ْﺒ ُﻪ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ َﺷ ِﺪﻳﺪَ ة‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎن ِﰲ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‬ ‫ﻒ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ُء ِﰲ َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪ْ :‬‬
‫اﺧ َﺘ َﻠ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ ِﺮ‪َ :‬ﻻ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ َﺻ ْﻮ ُم َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫ﺑﻌ ُﺾ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻈ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﺻﺎ َﻣ ُﻪ َﱂ ْ َﻳﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪْ ‪َ ،‬و َﳚِ ُ‬
‫ﺎن ِﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫اﳊ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ ِﺮ ْاﻵﻳ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ِ ِ ِ‬‫ﺎؤه؛ ﻟ ِ َﻈ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ«‪َ ،‬و ِﰲ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ُم ِﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱪ ﱢ‬ ‫ﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪َ » :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻟ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َﻗ َﻀ ُ ُ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻚ ا ْﻟﻌﺼﺎ ُة«‪ .‬و َﻗ َﺎل َ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮز َﺻ ْﻮ ُﻣ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﳚ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻔﺘ َْﻮى‪ُ َ :‬‬‫ﲨﺎﻫ ُﲑ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈء َو َﲨ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْاﻵ َﺧ ِﺮ‪ُ » :‬أو َﻟﺌ َ ُ َ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻳﻨْﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ‪ ،‬و ُﳚ ِﺰ ِ‬
‫ﳘﺎ َﺳ َﻮا ٌء‪،‬‬ ‫اﺧ َﺘ َﻠ ُﻔﻮا ِﰲ َأ ﱠن ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ َم َأ ْﻓ َﻀ ُﻞ َأ ِم ا ْﻟﻔ ْﻄ َﺮ َأ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻪ‪َ .‬و ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ُم َأ ْﻓ َﻀ ُﻞ َﳌ ِ ْﻦ َأ َﻃﺎ َﻗ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﻼ َﻣ َﺸ ﱠﻘ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ون‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ﱡﻲ َو ْاﻷَ ْﻛ َﺜ ُﺮ َ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل َﻣﺎﻟ ِ ٌﻚ َو َأ ُﺑﻮ َﺣﻨِﻴ َﻔ َﺔ َو ﱠ‬
‫اﺣﺘ ﱡَﺠﻮا ﺑِ َﺼ ْﻮ ِم اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫َﴬ َر ﺑِﻪ َﻓﺎ ْﻟﻔ ْﻄ ُﺮ َأ ْﻓ َﻀ ُﻞ‪َ .‬و ْ‬ ‫ﴐ َر‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈ ْن ﺗ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻇﺎﻫ َﺮة َو َﻻ َ َ‬
‫ﳛ ُﺼ ُﻞ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﺑ َﺮا َء ُة‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‪َ ،‬وﺑِ َﻐ ْ ِﲑ َذﻟ َﻚ ﻣ َﻦ ْاﻷَ َﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪َ ،‬وﻷَ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َ ْ‬ ‫اﺣ َﺔ َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ َ‬
‫َو َﻋ ْﺒﺪاﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َر َو َ‬
‫ﺐ و ْاﻷَو َز ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊ ِ‬ ‫ﱢ ِ‬
‫ﺎق َو َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ُﻫ ُﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻋ ﱡﻲ َو َأ ْﲪَﺪُ َوإِ ْﺳ َﺤ ُ‬ ‫ﺎل‪َ .‬و َﻗ َﺎل َﺳﻌﻴﺪُ ْﺑ ُﻦ اﳌُ َﺴ ﱢﻴ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬ ﱠﻣﺔ ِﰲ ْ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ ُﺮ َأ ْﻓ َﻀ ُﻞ ُﻣ ْﻄ َﻠ ًﻘﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(٢٢٩/٧) ‬‬
‫ﺎء‪ِ :‬ﺻ ﱠﺤ ُﺔ َﺻ ْﻮ ِم ا ُﳌ َﺴﺎﻓِ ِﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮر ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘﻬ ِ‬
‫ﲨ ُﻬ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺐ ُْ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ دﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪َ :‬و َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ ُ‬
‫آن ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻏ ْ ِﲑ‬ ‫ﻆ ا ْﻟ ُﻘﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ ِﺮ َﻟ ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ ‪َ -‬أو ﺑﻌ ُﻀﻬﻢ ‪ -‬ﺑِﻨَﺎء َﻋ َﲆ َﻇ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ ِﺮﻳ ُﺔ َﺧﺎ َﻟ َﻔ ْﺖ ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ َْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َواﻟ ﱠﻈ ﱠ‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﻳ ُﺮ ﱡد َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪‬‬ ‫اﳊ ِﺪ ُ‬‫ﻺ ْﺿ َﲈ ِر‪َ .‬و َﻫ َﺬا ْ َ‬ ‫ﺎر ِﻫ ْﻢ ﻟ ِ ْ ِ‬‫ا ْﻋﺘِ َﺒ ِ‬

‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻺﺿﲈر( أﻗﻮل‪) :‬اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻓﻄﺮ‬

‫ﻓﻌﺪة( دﻟﻴﻞ اﻹﺧﻔﺎء ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ اﻟﺪرداء ﻫﺬا‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻌﺪة‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ اﻵﻳﺔ‪]﴾K J I H G F E﴿ :‬اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ [١٨٤ :‬ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫اﻹﺿﲈر ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻓﻄﺮ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ ﺻﺎم أﺟﺰأه ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ ِﰲ َﺳ َﻔ ٍﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫‪َ -١٩١‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﺟﺎﺑِ ِﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪاﷲِ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َر ُﺳ ُ‬

‫َﻓ َﺮ َأى ِز َﺣﺎ ًﻣﺎ َو َر ُﺟ ًﻼ َﻗﺪْ ُﻇ ﱢﻠ َﻞ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ َﻫ َﺬا؟« َﻗﺎ ُﻟﻮا‪َ :‬ﺻ ِﺎﺋ ٌﻢ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ُم ِﰲ ﱠ‬‫ﱪ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻟ ﱢِ‬

‫َو ُﳌِ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪َ » :‬ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻜ ُْﻢ ﺑِ ُﺮ ْﺧ َﺼ ِﺔ اﷲِ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َر ﱠﺧ َﺺ َﻟﻜ ُْﻢ«‪.‬‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ (١٩٤٦‬وﻫﺬا ﻟﻔﻈﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١١٥‬‬

 ‫ِ‬
‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪ُ َ‬‬
‫ﺑﺎب اﻟﺼﻮ ِم ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬و ُﳌ ِ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪َ » :‬ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻜ ُْﻢ ﺑِ ُﺮ ْﺧ َﺼ ِﺔ اﷲ ِ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َر ﱠﺧ َﺺ َﻟﻜ ُْﻢ«( ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﲈ أﺧﺮج ﻫﺬه اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻋﲆ ﴍﻃﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮه أن‬
‫ﻗﺎل ﺑﻌﺪ إﺧﺮاﺟﻪ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ :‬ﻗﺎل ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎن ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻛﺜﲑ أﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن‬
‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ » َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻜ ُْﻢ ﺑِ ُﺮ ْﺧ َﺼ ِﺔ اﷲ ِ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َر ﱠﺧ َﺺ َﻟﻜ ُْﻢ«‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻓﻠﲈ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﱂ ﳛﻔﻈﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ أﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﲠﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻌﺪة‪.‬‬

‫وﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﰲ ‪‬ﻣﺴﻨﺪ أﲪﺪ‪ (٥٨٦٦) ‬وﻏﲑه َﻋ ِﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل‬
‫ﺐ َأ ْن ﺗ ُْﺆﺗَﻰ ُر َﺧ ُﺼ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﲈ َﻳﻜ َْﺮ ُه َأ ْن ﺗ ُْﺆﺗَﻰ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺼ َﻴﺘُ ُﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ‪» :‬إِ ﱠن اﷲَ ُﳛ ﱡ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ وﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪً ا ﳍﺬه اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪ِ ‬ﰲ َﺳ َﻔ ٍﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺮ َأى ِز َﺣﺎ ًﻣﺎ َو َر ُﺟ ًﻼ َﻗﺪْ ُﻇ ﱢﻠ َﻞ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪(...‬‬ ‫َﺎن َر ُﺳ ُ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻛ َ‬
‫ﳚ ِﻬﺪُ ُه‬ ‫ُأ ِﺧ َﺬ ِﻣﻦ ﻫ َﺬا‪َ :‬أ ﱠن ﻛَﺮاﻫ َﺔ اﻟﺼﻮ ِم ِﰲ اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ َﳌ ِﻦ ﻫﻮ ِﰲ ِﻣ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻫ ِﺬ ِه ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﳊَﺎ َﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑ ﱠ ْﻦ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫ُﻮن َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎت‪َ .‬و َﻳﻜ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮم وﻳ ُﺸ ﱡﻖ َﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬أو ﻳ َﺆدي ﺑِ ِﻪ َإﱃ َﺗﺮ ِك ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ َأو َﱃ ِﻣﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻘﺮﺑ ِ‬
‫َ َُ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ ْ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ ُ ََ‬
‫اﳊﺎ َﻟ ِﺔ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ُم ِﰲ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ« ُﻣﻨ ﱠَﺰ ًﻻ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣ ْﺜ ِﻞ َﻫﺬه ْ َ‬ ‫ﱪ ﱢ‬ ‫» َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻟ ِ ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﺺ َﻟﻜ ُْﻢ( َدﻟ ٌﻴﻞ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻳ ْﺴﺘ ََﺤ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻜ ُْﻢ ﺑِ ُﺮ ْﺧ َﺼﺔ اﷲ ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ َر ﱠﺧ َ‬
‫اﳊﺎﺟ ُﺔ إ َﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬و َﻻ ﺗ ُْﱰ ُك َﻋ َﲆ وﺟ ِﻪ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺸ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﺪ َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺮ ْﺧ َﺼﺔ إ َذا َد َﻋﺖ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ َﱠﻤ ﱡﺴ ُﻚ ﺑِ ﱡ‬
‫ﺲ َواﻟ ﱠﺘﻨَ ﱡﻄ ِﻊ َواﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌ ﱡﻤ ِﻖ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ُ َ :‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم َأ ْو‬ ‫ﺎق ْاﻷُﻣ ِﺔ ﺳﻮاء ﻛ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻮز ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄﺮ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓِ ِﺮ ﺑِﺎ ﱢﺗ َﻔ ِ‬
‫َﺎن َﻗﺎد ًرا َﻋ َﲆ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ َ َ ٌ‬ ‫ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﳚ ُ‬
‫َﺎن ﻣﺴﺎﻓِﺮا ِﰲ اﻟ ﱢﻈ ﱢﻞ واﳌَ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻋ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ُم َأ ْو َﱂ ْ َﻳ ُﺸ ﱠﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﺤ ْﻴ ُﺚ َﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ َ ُ َ ً‬ ‫ﺎﺟ ًﺰا َو َﺳ َﻮا ٌء َﺷ ﱠﻖ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ ﱠ‬
‫ﻮز ﱠإﻻ َﳌ ِ ْﻦ‬‫ﳚ ُ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ َﳜ ِْﺪﻣﻪ ﺟ َﺎز َﻟﻪ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄﺮ وا ْﻟ َﻘﴫ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ َﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ ِ‬
‫إن ا ْﻟﻔ ْﻄ َﺮ َﻻ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ ْ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُُ َ‬ ‫َ ََُ َ ْ‬
‫َﺎب َوإِ ﱠﻻ ُﻗﺘِ َﻞ‪َ .‬وﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻧﻜ ََﺮ َﻋ َﲆ اﳌُ ْﻔﻄِ ِﺮ‬ ‫َﺎب َﻓﺈِ ْن ﺗ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم َﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻳ ْﺴ َﺘﺘ ُ‬
‫َﻋ َﺠ َﺰ َﻋ ِﻦ ﱢ‬
‫َﺎب ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ؛ َﻓﺈِ ﱠن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺎب ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪َ .‬و َﻣ ْﻦ َﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﱠ‬
‫إن اﳌُ ْﻔﻄ َﺮ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ إ ْﺛ ٌﻢ َﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻳ ْﺴ َﺘﺘ ُ‬ ‫َﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻳ ْﺴ َﺘﺘ ُ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫إﲨﺎ ِع‬‫ف َْ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬و ِﺧ َﻼ ُ‬ ‫ف ﺳﻨ ِﱠﺔ رﺳ ِ‬
‫َﺎب اﷲ َوﺧ َﻼ ُ ُ َ ُ‬
‫ف ِﻛﺘ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ْاﻷَ ْﺣ َﻮ َال ِﺧ َﻼ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْاﻷُ ﱠﻣﺔ‪َ ...‬و َﱂ ْ َﺗ َﺘﻨ ََﺎز ِع ْاﻷُ ﱠﻣ ُﺔ ِﰲ َﺟ َﻮ ِاز ا ْﻟﻔ ْﻄ ِﺮ ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ َﺴﺎﻓ ِﺮ؛ َﺑ ْﻞ َﺗﻨ ََﺎز ُﻋﻮا ِﰲ َﺟ َﻮ ِاز ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم‬
‫ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ َﺴﺎﻓِ ِﺮ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﳎﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى‪.(٢١٠/٢٥) ‬‬

‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِﻤﻨﱠﺎ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬

‫َﺲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ ِﰲ ﱠ‬
‫‪َ -١٩٢‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأﻧ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺼ ِﺎﺋ ُﻢ‪َ ،‬و ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ ا ُﳌ ْﻔﻄِ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓﻨ ََﺰ ْﻟﻨَﺎ َﻣﻨ ِْﺰ ًﻻ ِﰲ َﻳ ْﻮ ٍم َﺣ ﱟﺎر‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﻛ َﺜ ُﺮﻧَﺎ ﻇِ ًﻼ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِﻤﻨﱠﺎ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻳﺘ ِﱠﻘﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺐ ا ْﻟﻜِﺴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ َﺲ ﺑِ َﻴﺪه‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓ َﺴ َﻘ َﻂ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ﱠﻮ ُم‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﺻ ُ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺎب‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﴬ ُﺑﻮا اﻷَ ْﺑﻨ َﻴ َﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ َﻘ ْﻮا ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺮﻛ َ‬ ‫ون َﻓ َ َ‬ ‫َو َﻗﺎ َم ا ُﳌ ْﻔﻄِ ُﺮ َ‬

‫ﺐ ا ُﳌ ْﻔﻄِ ُﺮ َ‬
‫ون ا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ َم ﺑِﺎﻷَ ْﺟ ِﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫» َذ َﻫ َ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٨٩٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (١١١٩‬وﻫﺬا ﻟﻔﻈﻪ‪ ،‬إﻻ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺼ ﱠﻮا ُم(‪.‬‬
‫)اﻟﺼ ﱠﻮ ُم( ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ) ﱡ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ِﺎﺋ ُﻢ‪َ ،‬و ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ اﳌُ ْﻔﻄِ ُﺮ( َدﻟ ِ ٌﻴﻞ َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻤﻨﱠﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ُ ) :‬ﻛﻨﱠﺎ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪ِ ‬ﰲ ﱠ‬
‫ﲔ َﻋ َﲆ َﺻ ْﻮ ِﻣ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫ﻠﺼ ِﺎﺋ ِﻤ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ِم ِﰲ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ َو َو ْﺟ ُﻪ اﻟﺪﱠ َﻻ َﻟﺔ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﻘ ِﺮ ُﻳﺮ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫َﺟ َﻮ ِاز ﱠ‬
‫ﺖ اﳌَ َﺼﺎﻟ ِ ُﺢ‪ُ .‬ﻗﺪﱢ َم‬
‫ون ا ْﻟﻴﻮم ﺑِﺎﻷَﺟ ِﺮ( ﻓﻴﻪ أﻧﻪ إ َذا َﺗﻌﺎر َﺿ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ اﳌُ ْﻔﻄ ُﺮ َ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ذ َﻫ َ‬
‫َأ ْو َﻻ َﻫﺎ َو َأ ْﻗ َﻮ َاﻫﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ‪ :‬وﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ اﻹﻓﻄﺎر‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻇﻬﺮت أوﻟﻮﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﳖﺎ ﻧﻔﻊ ﺗﻌﺪى إﱃ ﻧﻔﻊ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ واﻟﻐﲑ‪ ...‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﺎز اﳌﻔﻄﺮون‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺗﻴﺎن ﺑﺎﻷوﱃ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻌﺪة‪.‬‬
 ‫ِ‬
‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪ُ َ‬‬
‫ﺑﺎب اﻟﺼﻮ ِم ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺺ َأ ْﺟ ِﺮ‬‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﺑِﺎﻷَ ْﺟ ِﺮ( ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ ‪َ :‬أ ِي‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻮاﻓ ِﺮ‪َ .‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ اﳌُ َﺮا ُد َﻧ ْﻘ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ﱠﻮا ِم‪َ ،‬ﺑ ِﻞ اﳌُ َﺮا ُد َأ ﱠن اﳌُ ْﻔﻄ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ َﺣ َﺼ َﻞ َﳍ ُ ْﻢ َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ َﻋ َﻤﻠ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬وﻣ ْﺜ ُﻞ َأ ْﺟ ِﺮ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ﱠﻮا ِم؛‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ﱠﻮا ِم‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟ ِ َﺘﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻃ ِﻴﻬ ْﻢ َأ ْﺷ َﻐ َ‬
‫ﺎﳍ َ ْﻢ َو َأ ْﺷ َﻐ َﺎل ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬

‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ُم ِﻣ ْﻦ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﲈ‬ ‫‪َ -١٩٣‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ‪َ ‬ﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪ :‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻳﻜ ُ‬
‫ُﻮن َﻋ َ ﱠﲇ ﱠ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َأ ْن َأ ْﻗ ِﻀ َﻴ ُﻪ إﻻﱠ ِﰲ َﺷ ْﻌ َﺒ َ‬‫ِ‬
‫ﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫َأ ْﺳﺘَﻄ ُ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٥٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٤٦‬‬

‫ﻴﻊ َأ ْن َأ ْﻗ ِﻀ َﻴ ُﻪ إﻻﱠ ِﰲ‬‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ُم ِﻣ ْﻦ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬

‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﲈ َأ ْﺳﺘَﻄ ُ‬ ‫ُﻮن َﻋ َ ﱠﲇ ﱠ‬ ‫َﺎن َﻳﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪) :‬ﻛ َ‬
‫ﺎب َﺟ َﻮ ِاز َﺗ ْﺄ ِﺧ ِﲑ ﻗﻀﺎء رﻣﻀﺎن ﻣﺎ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺎن( ﺑﻮب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻓﻘﺎل‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ُ‬ ‫َﺷ ْﻌ َﺒ َ‬
‫ﺾ َوﻧ َْﺤ ِﻮ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ(‪.‬‬‫ض َو َﺳ َﻔ ٍﺮ َو َﺣ ْﻴ ٍ‬‫آﺧ ُﺮ َﳌ ِ ْﻦ َأ ْﻓ َﻄ َﺮ ﺑِ ُﻌ ْﺬ ٍر‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﻤ َﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ﳚﻲء َر َﻣ َﻀ ُ‬
‫ﺎن َ‬

‫وﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ :‬خ)‪ ،(٥١٩٥‬م)‪َ :(١٠٢٦‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﳛِ ﱡﻞ ﻟِ ْﻠﻤﺮ َأ ِة َأ ْن ﺗَﺼﻮم وزَوﺟﻬﺎ َﺷ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻫﺪٌ إِ ﱠﻻ ﺑِﺈِ ْذﻧِ ِﻪ«‬ ‫َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ أن ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻜﻔﺎرة إ َذا أﺧﺮ ﻟﻐﲑ ﻋﺬر‪ .‬أي أﻧﻪ ﻳﻄﻌﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﱪا ﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻄﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ‪ :‬وﺟﻮب اﻹﻃﻌﺎم ﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻮم ﻣﺴﻜﻴﻨًﺎ؛ ﺟ ً‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺮﻓﻮع‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ آﺛﺎر ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺔ‪ .‬اﻫ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﺎن( ﺛﻢ ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺎب‪َ :‬ﻣﺘَﻰ ُﻳ ْﻘ َﴣ َﻗ َﻀﺎ ُء َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬‫وﻗﺪ ﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ٌ‬
‫آﺧ ُﺮ َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُﻣ ُﻬ َﲈ‪َ ،‬و َﱂ ْ َﻳ َﺮ‬
‫ﺎن َ‬ ‫ط َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﺟﺎ َء َر َﻣ َﻀ ُ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻪ ﻗﻮل إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ‪ :‬إِ َذا َﻓ ﱠﺮ َ‬
‫اﻹ ْﻃ َﻌﺎ َم‪ ،‬إِﻧ َﱠﲈ َﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﻃ َﻌﺎ ًﻣﺎ‪ ...‬وﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪َ :‬و َﱂ َﻳ ْﺬﻛ ُِﺮ اﷲُ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫﴿‪]﴾ONML‬اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[١٨٤ :‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪]﴾O N M L﴿ :‬اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ [١٨٤ :‬ﻳﻘﺘﴤ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ؛ ﻟﺼﺪق‬

‫)أﻳﺎم أﺧﺮ( ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ أم ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﰲ ﻗﺮاءة‪َ ) :‬ﻓ ِﻌﺪﱠ ٌة ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫ﺎت( وﻫﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺘﻮاﺗﺮة‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺨﺖ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َأﻳﺎ ٍم ُأ َﺧﺮ ﻣ َﺘﺘَﺎﺑِﻌ ٍ‬
‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،‬و‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪ ،‬و‪‬اﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎر‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ‪ :‬اﳊﻖ وﺟﻮب اﳌﺒﺎدرة إﱃ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﺣﲔ‬

‫اﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ وﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﺼﺢ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎرض ذﻟﻚ‪...‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺮواﻳﺘﻴﻪ ﴏﻳﺢ ﰲ أﳖﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ وﻻ ﺗﻘﺪر ﻋﲆ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﻌﺒﺎن‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ إﺷﻌﺎر ﺑﺄﳖﺎ ﻟﻮ اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﳌﺎ أﺧﺮﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪#"﴿ :‬‬
‫‪]﴾&%$‬آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪ .[١٣٣ :‬اﻫ ‪‬ﲤﺎم اﳌﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺘﴫف‪.‬‬

‫اﺳﺘ ُِﺪ ﱠل ﺑِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪َ ) :‬ﻓ َﲈ َأ ْﺳﺘَﻄ ُ‬

‫ﻴﻊ َأ ْن َأ ْﻗ ِﻀ َﻴ ُﻪ إﻻﱠ ِﰲ َﺷ ْﻌ َﺒ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎن( ْ‬
‫اﳊ ﱠﺠ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﴩ ِذي ِْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم‪َ ،‬ﻻ ِﰲ َﻋ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺖ َﻻ َﺗ َﺘ َﻄﻮع ﺑِ َ ٍ ِ‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠن َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ﻛَﺎﻧ ْ‬
‫ﴚء ﻣ َﻦ ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ ْ‬
‫َﺖ َﻻ ﺗ ََﺮى َﺟ َﻮ َاز ِﺻ َﻴﺎ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻄ ﱡﻮ ِع‬ ‫ﻮرا َء‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َﻏ ْ ِﲑ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣ ْﺒﻨ ِ ﱞﻲ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠﳖَﺎ ﻛَﺎﻧ ْ‬ ‫ﺎﺷ َ‬ ‫َﻋ ُ‬
‫ﺎن‪َ .‬و ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻳ َﻦ ﻟ ِ َﻘ ِﺎﺋﻠِ ِﻪ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ؟!!! ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬‫َﳌ ِ ْﻦ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َد ْﻳ ٌﻦ ِﻣ ْﻦ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
 ‫ِ‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪ُ َ‬‬
‫ﺑﺎب اﻟﺼﻮ ِم ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ واﺟ ًﺒﺎ‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺗﻄﻴﻴ ًﺒﺎ ﻟﻘﻠﻮﲠﻦ‪ ،‬ودﻓ ًﻌﺎ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻓﺴﺎد ﻗﻠﻮﲠﻦ‪ ،‬أﻻ ﺗﺮى ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪*) ( ' & % $ # "﴿ :‬‬
‫‪]﴾10/.-,+‬اﻷﺣﺰاب‪ .[٥١ :‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ َ‬

‫ﺎت َو َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﺻ َﻴﺎ ٌم‬ ‫‪َ -١٩٤‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳ َ‬

‫َﺻﺎ َم َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َوﻟِ ﱡﻴ ُﻪ«‪.‬‬

‫َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ َد ُاود َو َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ْﱠﺬ ِر‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻗ ْﻮ ُل َأ ْﲪَﺪَ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒ ٍﻞ‪.‬‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٥٢‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٤٧‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ َد ُاود( ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪.(٢٤٠٠‬‬

‫ﺎت َو َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﺻ َﻴﺎ ٌم َﺻﺎ َم َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َوﻟ ِ ﱡﻴ ُﻪ( ﺑﻮب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻹﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ َ‬
‫ﺖ(‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ ‪ْ :‬اﻷَ ْﺻ َﻞ َﻋﺪَ ُم‬ ‫ﺎء اﻟﺼﻮ ِم َﻋ ِﻦ اﳌَﻴ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪) :‬ﺑﺎب َﻗﻀ ِ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬
‫اﳊ َﻴ ِﺎة َﻓﻜ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ِﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻨﱢ َﻴﺎ َﺑﺔ ِﰲ ا ْﻟﻌ َﺒﺎ َدة ا ْﻟ َﺒﺪَ ﻧ ﱠﻴﺔ؛ َوﻷَ ﱠﳖَﺎ ﻋ َﺒﺎ َد ٌة َﻻ ﺗَﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻠ َﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﱢ َﻴﺎ َﺑ ُﺔ ِﰲ ْ َ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳﺒ َﻘﻰ ا ْﻟﺒ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻗﻲ َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﴫ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ َو َر َد ﻓ َ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳌَ ْﻮت‪ ،‬إ ﱠﻻ َﻣﺎ َو َر َد ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﺪﱠ ﻟ ُﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻴ ْﻘﺘ َ ُ‬
‫اﺟ ُﺢ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ْاﻷَ ْﺻ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﲔ؛ ﻟ ِ َﻘ ِﺮﻳﻨ ٍَﺔ َو َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﺻ َﻴﺎ ٌم‪.‬‬
‫ﺎت( َﻋﺎ ﱞم ِﰲ ا ُﳌ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻔ َ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ َ‬
‫ﱪ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ْاﻷَ ْﻣ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﺗ ْﻘ ِﺪ ُﻳﺮ ُه‪َ :‬ﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ُﺼ ْﻢ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َوﻟ ِ ﱡﻴ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﺻ َﻴﺎ ٌم َﺻﺎ َم َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َوﻟ ﱡﻴ ُﻪ( َﺧ َ ٌ‬
‫ﻮر‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﳉ ْﻤ ُﻬ ِ‬ ‫و َﻟﻴﺲ ﻫ َﺬا ْاﻷَﻣﺮ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻮﺟ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮب ﻋﻨْﺪَ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬
‫ث‬‫ﻳﺐ‪َ ،‬و ِﻗ َﻴﻞ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِار ُ‬
‫اد ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ َوﻟ ِ ﱡﻴ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِﻘ َﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﻗ ِﺮ ٍ‬
‫واﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ِﰲ اﳌُﺮ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺎﺻ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬و ِﻗ َﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋ َﺼ َﺒ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪َ .‬و ْاﻷَ ﱠو ُل َأ ْر َﺟ ُﺢ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺧ ﱠ‬
‫َﺎن َﻋ َﺼ َﺒ ًﺔ َأ ْو َو ِار ًﺛﺎ َأ ْو َﻏ ْ َﲑ ُ َ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫َواﳌُ َﺮا ُد ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻮ ِ ﱢﱄ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ِﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺐ َﺳ َﻮا ٌء ﻛ َ‬

‫َﺎن ﺑِﺈِ ْذ ِن ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِ ﱢﱄ َﺻ ﱠﺢ‪،‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪َ :‬و َﻟ ْﻮ َﺻﺎ َم َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َأ ْﺟﻨَﺒِ ﱞﻲ‪ ،‬إِ ْن ﻛ َ‬
‫ﺐ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﴍح‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِ ﱢﱄ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ُم َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜ ْﻦ ُﻳ ْﺴﺘ ََﺤ ﱡ‬ ‫َوإِ ﱠﻻ َﻓ َﻼ ِﰲ ْاﻷَ َﺻ ﱢﺢ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َﳚِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(٢٦/٨) ‬‬
‫َﺺ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻮ ِ ﱢﱄ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َأ َﻣ َﺮ َأ ْﺟﻨَﺒِﻴﺎ ﺑِ َﺄ ْن‬‫ﳜﺘ ﱡ‬‫ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ ‪ ‬ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪َ :‬و ِﻗ َﻴﻞ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫اﺳﺘِ ْﻘ َﻼ ُل ْاﻷَ ْﺟﻨَﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﺑِ َﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ‪َ ،‬و َذﻛ ََﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِ ﱠﱄ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﳊ ﱢﺞ‪َ ،‬وﻗ َﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ ْ‬ ‫َﻳ ُﺼﻮ َم َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َأ ْﺟ َﺰ َأ ﻛ ََﲈ ِﰲ ْ َ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫اﺧﺘِ َﻴ ُﺎر َﻫ َﺬا ْاﻷَ ِﺧ ِﲑ‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ِﻪ َﺟ َﺰ َم َأ ُﺑﻮاﻟ ﱠﻄ ﱢﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺎر ﱢي ْ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ ُﺮ َﺻﻨِﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬ ‫ﻟِﻜَﻮﻧِ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻐﺎﻟِﺐ‪ ،‬و َﻇ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﳜﺘَﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫ﻴﻬ ِﻪ ‪َ ‬ذﻟ ِ َﻚ ﺑِﺎﻟﺪﱠ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬واﻟﺪﱠ ْﻳ ُﻦ َﻻ ْ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻄ َ ِﱪ ﱡي‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ﱠﻮا ُه ﺑِﺘ َْﺸﺒِ ِ‬

‫ﺎت َو َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﺻ ْﻮ ٌم( َو َﻗ َﺎل‬ ‫ﺎب َﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ُ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﳊ َﺴ ُﻦ‪ :‬إِ ْن َﺻﺎ َم َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ َﺛ َﻼ ُﺛ َ‬
‫ﻮن َر ُﺟ ًﻼ َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َواﺣﺪً ا َﺟ َﺎز‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪َ :‬ﻟﻜ ﱠﻦ ْ َ‬
‫اﳉ َﻮ َاز‬ ‫ا َ‬
‫ُﻮر ِة‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮرة اﳌَ ْﺬﻛ َ‬
‫ﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺘﺘَﺎﺑﻊ؛ ﻟ ِ َﻔ ْﻘ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺘﺘَﺎﺑ ِﻊ ِﰲ اﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬
‫ﻣ َﻘﻴﺪٌ ﺑِﺼﻮ ٍم َﱂ َﳚِﺐ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ُ ﱠ َ ْ ْ ْ‬
‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ ‪ :‬إذا وﺟﺐ ﻋﲆ اﳌﻴﺖ ﺻﻴﺎم ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻣﺎ أن ﻳﻨﺘﺪب ﻟﻪ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮرﺛﺔ وﻳﺼﻮﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وإﻣﺎ أن ﻳﻄﻌﻤﻮا ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮم‬
‫ﻣﺴﻜﻴﻨًﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﴩح اﳌﻤﺘﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ َأ ُﺑﻮ َد ُاود َو َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ْﱠﺬ ِر‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻗ ْﻮ ُل َأ ْﲪَﺪَ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒ ٍﻞ(‬
‫ﺎت َو َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫اﻹ ْذ َن ِﰲ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ِم َﻋ ْﻦ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ َ‬ ‫ﺎت‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َﻳ ْﻘﺘ َِﴤ ْ ِ‬‫ﺾ اﻟﺮواﻳ ِ‬
‫َﻧ َﻌ ْﻢ َﻗﺪْ َو َر َد ِﰲ َﺑ ْﻌ ِ ﱢ َ َ‬
‫ﻮر ِة اﻟﻨ ْﱠﺬ ِر‪ .‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﺺ ﺑِ ُﺼ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺨ ِﺼ ِ‬ ‫َﺾ ﻟِﻠﺘ ْ‬
‫ﻧ َْﺬ ٌر ﺑِ َﺼ ْﻮ ٍم‪َ .‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ﺑِ ُﻤ ْﻘﺘ ٍ‬
 ‫ِ‬
‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪ُ َ‬‬
‫ﺑﺎب اﻟﺼﻮ ِم ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫إذا أﻓﻄﺮ اﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻌﺬر‪ ،‬واﺳﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻌﺬر إﱃ اﳌﻮت‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا ﻻ ﻳﺼﺎم ﻋﻨﻪ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪]﴾O N M L﴿ :‬اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ ،[١٨٤ :‬وﻫﻮ ﱂ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺄت ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أﻳﺎم ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺾ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا‬ ‫أﻣﺎ إن زال اﻟﻌﺬر‪ ،‬وﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﻳﺼﺎم ﻋﻨﻪ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ اﳌﺘﻘﺪم‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺌﻞ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﺑﻦ ﺑﺎز ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻷﻋﲈل إﱃ اﳌﻮﺗﻰ؟‬

‫ج‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻞ إﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ دل اﻟﴩع ﻋﲆ وﺻﻮﻟﻪ إﻟﻴﻬﻢ؛ ﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ‪» :‬إذا‬

‫ﻣﺎت اﺑﻦ آدم اﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ إﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼث‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﺟﺎرﻳﺔ‪ ،‬أو ﻋﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬أو وﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻟﻪ« رواه ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪ ،‬وﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ أﺧﺮى وردت ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫وﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪ :‬اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺪﻋﺎء‪ ،‬واﳊﺞ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻤﺮة‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ اﳌﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﴩ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫أﻣﺎ إﻫﺪاء اﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﻘﺮاءة إﱃ اﳌﻮﺗﻰ أو اﻟﻄﻮاف أو ﺻﻴﺎم اﻟﺘﻄﻮع ﻓﻼ أﻋﻠﻢ‬

‫أﺻﻼ‪ ،‬واﳌﴩوع ﺗﺮﻛﻪ؛ ﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﻼ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أﻣﺮﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ً‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ رد« رواه ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﳎﻤﻮع ﻓﺘﺎوى اﺑﻦ ﺑﺎز‪.‬‬

‫ﺎس ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺟﺎ َء َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ َإﱃ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -١٩٥‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪاﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒ ٍ‬
‫َﺖ و َﻋ َﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﻮم َﺷﻬ ٍﺮ‪َ ،‬أ َﻓ َﺄ ْﻗ ِﻀ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ؟ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫إن ُأ ﱢﻣﻲ َﻣﺎﺗ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٢٦‬‬
‫ﺎﺿﻴﻪ ﻋﻨْﻬﺎ؟« َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻓﺪَ ﻳﻦ اﷲِ‬
‫ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْﺖ َﻗ ِ َ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﻚ َد ْﻳ ٌﻦ َأ ُﻛﻨ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻋ َﲆ ُأ ﱢﻣ َ‬
‫» َﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬
‫َأ َﺣ ﱡﻖ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻘ َﴣ«‪.‬‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫إن‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ت اﻣﺮ َأ ٌة َإﱃ رﺳ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫َو ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳﺔ‪َ :‬ﺟﺎ َء ْ َ‬
‫َﺖ و َﻋ َﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﻮم ﻧ َْﺬ ٍر‪َ ،‬أ َﻓ َﺄﺻﻮم َﻋﻨْﻬﺎ؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬أر َأﻳ ِ‬
‫َﺎن َﻋ َﲆ‬
‫ﺖ َﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ُأ ﱢﻣﻲ َﻣﺎﺗ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫َﺎن َذﻟِ َ‬
‫ﻚ ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢدي َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ؟« َﻓ َﻘﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪َ :‬ﻧ َﻌ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻚ َد ْﻳ ٌﻦ َﻓ َﻘ َﻀ ْﻴﺘِ ِﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬أﻛ َ‬‫ُأﻣ ِ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﻚ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﻦ ُأﻣ ِ‬ ‫» َﻓﺼ ِ‬
‫َ ْ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٥٣‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٤٨‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﺪم ﴍﺣﻪ ﰲ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬ﻻ‬

‫ﺎﻋ ِﺪ ﱢي ‪َ ‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫‪َ -١٩٦‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬ ِﻞ ﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻌ ٍﺪ اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ ْ َ ْ‬
‫ﱠﺎس ﺑِﺨَ ْ ٍﲑ َﻣﺎ َﻋ ﱠﺠ ُﻠﻮا ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ َﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫َﻳ ُ‬
‫ﺰَال اﻟﻨ ُ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٥٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٠٩٨‬‬

‫اﳊَ ﱡﺚ َﻋ َﲆ َﺗ ْﻌ ِﺠﻴﻠِ ِﻪ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ‬

‫ﻴﻪ ْ‬‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻻ ﻳ َﺰ ُال اﻟﻨﱠﺎس ﺑِ َﺨ ٍﲑ ﻣﺎ َﻋﺠ ُﻠﻮا ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄﺮ( ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪َ :‬ﻻ َﻳ َﺰ ُال َأ ْﻣ ُﺮ ْاﻷُ ﱠﻣ ِﺔ ُﻣﻨْﺘَﻈِ ًﲈ َو ُﻫ ْﻢ ﺑِ َﺨ ْ ٍﲑ َﻣﺎ َدا ُﻣﻮا‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِ‬
‫وب ﱠ‬‫َ َﲢ ﱡﻘ ِﻖ ُﻏ ُﺮ ِ‬
 ‫ِ‬
‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪ُ َ‬‬
‫ﺑﺎب اﻟﺼﻮ ِم ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬
‫َﺎن َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻋ َﻼﻣ ًﺔ َﻋ َﲆ َﻓﺴ ٍ‬
‫ﺎد َﻳ َﻘ ُﻌ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا َأ ﱠﺧ ُﺮو ُه ﻛ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ُﳏَﺎﻓِﻈِ َ‬
‫ﻮن ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﲔ َﻋ َﲆ َﻫﺬه ﱡ‬
‫‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(٢٠٨/٧) ‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪َ :‬وا ﱠﺗ َﻔ َﻖ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ُء َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠن َﳏ َ ﱠﻞ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ إِ َذا َ َﲢ ﱠﻘ َﻖ ُﻏ ُﺮو ُب‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬وﻛ ََﺬا ﻋﺪل و ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﺑِﺈِ ْﺧ َﺒ ِ‬
‫اﺣﺪ ِﰲ اﻻرﺟﺢ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺎر ﻋَﺪْ َﻟ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺑِ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺻﺢ ﻋﻦ أﰊ أﻣﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻫﲇ ‪ ‬أﻧﻪ ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َر ُﺳ َ‬

‫َﺎﲏ َر ُﺟ َﻼ ِن‪ .‬وذﻛﺮ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ‪ُ :‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ا ْﻧ َﻄ َﻠ َﻘﺎ ِﰊ َﻓﺈِ َذا َأﻧَﺎ‬ ‫ﻮل‪َ :‬ﺑ ْﻴﻨَﺎ َأﻧَﺎ ﻧ َِﺎﺋﻢ إِ ْذ َأﺗ ِ‬ ‫َﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬
‫ٌ‬
‫ﲔ ﺑِ َﻌ َﺮ ِاﻗﻴﺒِ ِﻬ ْﻢ ُﻣ َﺸ ﱠﻘ َﻘ ُﺔ َأ ْﺷﺪَ ا ُﻗ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﺗ َِﺴ ُﻴﻞ َأ ْﺷﺪَ ا ُﻗ ُﻬ ْﻢ َد ًﻣﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ‪َ » :‬ﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮ ٍم ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ِﻘ َ‬
‫ﲢ ﱠﻠ ِﺔ َﺻ ْﻮ ِﻣ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪ .‬رواه اﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫ون َﻗﺒ َﻞ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻫ ُﺆ َﻻء؟« َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻫ ُﺆ َﻻء ا ﱠﻟﺬﻳ َﻦ ُﻳ ْﻔﻄ ُﺮ َ ْ‬
‫‪‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ‬ﻟﺸﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﻣﻘﺒﻞ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﺑﻮب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪) :‬ﺑﺎب اﻟﱰﻫﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻓﻄﺎر‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﲢﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﻮم(‪.‬‬
‫اﻹ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺎن‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق َﻋ ِﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻴﻆ َ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
‫)اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻴﺐ( ﲨﻊ ﻋﺮﻗﻮب‪ :‬وﻫﻮ َﻋ َﺼ ٌ‬
‫‪‬اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪.‬‬

‫ﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑِﺎ ﱢﺗ َﻔ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ دﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﻌ ِﺠ ُﻴﻞ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ ِﺮ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َﺗ َﻴ ﱡﻘ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻐ ُﺮ ِ‬

‫وب ُﻣ ْﺴﺘ ََﺤ ﱞ‬
‫ون َإﱃ ُﻇ ُﻬ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳊ ِﺪ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮر اﻟﻨ ْﱠﺠ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺚ‪َ .‬وﻓﻴﻪ َدﻟ ٌﻴﻞ َﻋ َﲆ ا ُﳌﺘ ََﺸ ﱢﻴ َﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ا ﱠﻟﺬ َ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢﺧ ُﺮ َ‬ ‫َو َدﻟﻴ ُﻠ ُﻪ َﻫ َﺬا ْ َ‬
‫اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺑﻮب ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﻣﻘﺒﻞ رﲪﻪ ﰲ ‪‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪) :‬اﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ‬

‫اﻹﻓﻄﺎر وﻛﺮاﻫﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﺧﲑه ﳌﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻬﻮد( وذﻛﺮ ﲢﺘﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪َ :‬أ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪،‬‬
‫ﱠﺎس ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ َﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻷَ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﻴ ُﻬﻮ َد‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﻳ َﺰ ُال اﻟﺪﱢ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻦ َﻇﺎﻫ ًﺮا َﻣﺎ َﻋ ﱠﺠ َﻞ اﻟﻨ ُ‬
‫ون« رواه أﺑﻮداود‪.‬‬ ‫َواﻟﻨ َﱠﺼ َﺎرى ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢﺧ ُﺮ َ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ » :‬ﻻ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ ‪‬ﻣﺴﻨﺪ أﲪﺪ‪َ ‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َذ ﱟر ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬
‫ﻮر«‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْﻓ َﻄ َﺎر‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﺧ ُﺮوا ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ َ‬ ‫َﺗﺰ َُال ُأ ﱠﻣﺘِﻲ ﺑِ َﺨ ْ ٍ‬
‫ﲑ َﻣﺎ َﻋ ﱠﺠ ُﻠﻮا ْ ِ‬
‫ﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﳏﻘﻘﻮ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ أﲪﺪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻮر( وذﻛﺮ ﲢﺘﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺎب َﺗ ْﺄﺧ ِﲑ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﴎ َﻋﺘِﻲ َأ ْن ُأ ْد ِر َك‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫َﺳ ْﻬ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ْﻌﺪ ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨ ُْﺖ َأﺗ ََﺴ ﱠﺤ ُﺮ ﰲ َأ ْﻫﲇ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺗﻜُﻮ ُن ُ ْ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﺠﻮ َد ﻣ َﻊ رﺳ ِ‬
‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫ﺖ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﺗ ََﺴ ﱠﺤ ْﺮﻧَﺎ َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫َﺲ ‪َ ،‬ﻋﻦ َزﻳ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﺛﺎﺑِ ٍ‬ ‫وﺟﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َأﻧ ٍ‬
‫ْ ْ ْ‬
‫ﻮر؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗﺪْ ُر‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ُﺤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲔ اﻷَ َذان َو ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻼ ِة‪ُ .‬ﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ‪ :‬ﻛ َْﻢ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﺑ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َم إِ َﱃ ﱠ‬
‫ﲔ آ َﻳ ًﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬خ)‪ ،(١٩٢١‬م)‪.(١٠٩٧‬‬ ‫ﲬ ِﺴ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫وﺑﻮب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪) :‬ﺑﺎب ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺴﺤﻮر وﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ اﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫واﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎب ﺗﺄﺧﲑه وﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﻄﺮ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ‪» :‬إ َذا َأ ْﻗ َﺒ َﻞ‬

‫ﺎب ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫‪َ -١٩٧‬ﻋ ْﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ ْ‬
‫اﳋَ ﱠﻄ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ُﺲ؛ َﻓ َﻘﺪْ َأ ْﻓ َﻄ َﺮ‬

‫ﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻠﻴ ُﻞ ِﻣﻦ ﻫ ُﻬﻨَﺎ‪ ،‬و َأدﺑﺮ اﻟﻨ َﱠﻬﺎر ِﻣﻦ ﻫ ُﻬﻨَﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻏﺮﺑ ِ‬
‫َ ََ‬ ‫ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ََْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﺋِ ُﻢ«‪.‬‬
‫ﱠ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٥٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٠٠‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬إ َذا َأ ْﻗ َﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ُﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻫ ُﻬﻨَﺎ‪َ ،‬و َأ ْد َﺑ َﺮ اﻟﻨ َﱠﻬ ُﺎر ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻫ ُﻬﻨَﺎ( ِ‬
‫اﻹﺷﺎرة ﰲ اﻷول‬
‫إﱃ ﺟﻬﺔ اﳌﴩق وﰲ اﻵﺧﺮ إﱃ ﺟﻬﺔ اﳌﻐﺮب‪ ،‬وﳘﺎ ﻣﺘﻼزﻣﺎن ﰲ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‪ :‬إذ ﻻ‬
 ‫ِ‬
‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪ُ َ‬‬
‫ﺑﺎب اﻟﺼﻮ ِم ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﱠإﻻ إذا أدﺑﺮ اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﻔﻜﺎن ﰲ اﳊﺲ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌﻮاﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄن‬
‫ﺑﺎرزا ﺑﺄن‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﰲ ﺟﻬﺔ اﳌﻐﺮب ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﱰ اﻟﺒﴫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻐﺮوب‪ ،‬وﻳﻜﻮن اﳌﴩق ً‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﰲ واد ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﻐﺮوب‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻌﺘﻤﺪ إﻗﺒﺎل اﻟﻈﻼم وإدﺑﺎر اﻟﻀﻴﺎء‪ .‬اﻫ‬
‫‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ اﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻃﺐ أو اﻟﺘﻤﺮ أو اﳌﺎء أو ﻣﺎ ﻳﴪ اﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎت‬‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪ ‬ﻳ ْﻔﻄِﺮ َﻋ َﲆ ر َﻃﺒ ٍ‬ ‫َﺲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟ ِ ٍﻚ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﳊﺪﻳﺚ َأﻧ ِ‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬
‫ات ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺎت‪َ ،‬ﻓﻌ َﲆ َﲤﺮ ٍ‬
‫ات‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﱂ َﺗ ُﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎ ﺣﺴﻮ ٍ‬
‫ْ ْ َ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺼ ﱢ َﲇ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﱂ ْ َﺗ ُﻜ ْﻦ ُر َﻃ َﺒ ٌ َ َ َ‬
‫ﺎء‪ .‬رواه أﺑﻮداود )‪.(٢٣٥٦‬‬ ‫ﻣ ٍ‬
‫َ‬
‫وﺑﻮب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﻣﻘﺒﻞ ‪ ‬ﰲ ‪‬اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪) :‬اﻹﻓﻄﺎر ﻋﲆ‬
‫اﻟﺮﻃﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻓﺤﺴﻮات ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎء(‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪:‬‬ ‫أﻳﻀﺎ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﻓﻄﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﻧﺲ ً‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫» َﻣ ْﻦ َو َﺟﺪَ ﲤَ ْ ًﺮا َﻓ ْﻠ ُﻴ ْﻔﻄ ْﺮ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻦ َﻻ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْﻠ ُﻴ ْﻔﻄ ْﺮ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ﱠن ا َﳌ َ‬
‫ﺎء َﻃ ُﻬ ٌ‬
‫ﻮر« رواه‬
‫اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪ (٦٩٤‬وﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ‪ :‬وﺧﻼﺻﺔ اﻟﻘﻮل أن اﻟﺬى ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﰱ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺎب إﻧﲈ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﻧﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬وأﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ وﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻠﲈن ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮل ‪‬‬
‫وأﻣﺮه‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻨﺪى‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬اﻹرواء‪ ‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ )‪.(٩٢٢‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪) :‬ﺑﺎب ﻳ ْﻔﻄِﺮ ﺑِﲈ َﺗﻴﴪ ِﻣﻦ اﳌَ ِ‬
‫ﺎء َأ ْو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِه(‬ ‫َ ٌ ُ ُ َ َﱠَ َ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬و ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ﲢﺘﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪاﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َأ ْو َﰱ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ِ :‬ﴎﻧَﺎ ﻣ َﻊ رﺳ ِ‬
‫ْ َ َ ُ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ َﻟ ْﻮ‬ ‫ﺎﺟﺪَ ْح َﻟﻨَﺎ«‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ُﺲ َﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬اﻧ ِْﺰ ْل َﻓ ْ‬ ‫ﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻ ِﺎﺋﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠﲈ َﻏﺮﺑ ِ‬
‫َ ٌ ﱠ ََ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ‪ ،‬إِ ﱠن َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻚ َﳖ َ ًﺎرا‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎﺟﺪَ ْح َﻟﻨَﺎ«‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫َأ ْﻣ َﺴ ْﻴ َﺖ؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬اﻧ ِْﺰ ْل َﻓ ْ‬
‫ﺎﺟﺪَ ْح َﻟﻨَﺎ«‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨ ََﺰ َل َﻓ َﺠﺪَ َح ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬إِ َذا َر َأ ْﻳﺘ ُُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ َﻞ َأ ْﻗ َﺒ َﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻫﺎ ُﻫﻨَﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺪْ‬ ‫»اﻧ ِْﺰ ْل َﻓ ْ‬
‫ﴩ ِق‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺼﺎﺋِ ُﻢ« َو َأ َﺷ َﺎر ﺑِﺈِ ْﺻ َﺒ ِﻌ ِﻪ ِﻗ َﺒ َﻞ اﳌَ ْ ِ‬
‫َأ ْﻓ َﻄ َﺮ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎء‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻗﺪْ َﺷ ﱠﺬ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰ ٍم َﻓ َﺄوﺟﺐ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄﺮ ﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺘﱠﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وإِ ﱠﻻ َﻓﻌ َﲆ اﳌَ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َْ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ َﻋ ِﻦ‬ ‫‪َ -١٩٨‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪاﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﳖَﻰ َر ُﺳ ُ‬

‫ﺖ ِﻣ ْﺜ َﻠﻜ ُْﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢإﲏ ُأ ْﻃ َﻌ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺎل‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ ُﻟﻮا‪ :‬إﻧ َﱠﻚ ﺗُﻮ ِ‬
‫اﺻ ُﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ » :‬ﱢإﲏ َﻟ ْﺴ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ِﻮ َﺻ ِ‬

‫َو ُأ ْﺳ َﻘﻰ«‪.‬‬
‫ورواه َأﺑﻮ ُﻫﺮﻳﺮ َة‪ ،‬و َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ ُﺔ‪ ،‬و َأﻧَﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫َ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُ ُ ََْ َ‬
‫اﳋﺪْ ِري‪َ » :‬ﻓ َﺄﻳﻜُﻢ َأراد َأ ْن ﻳﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﺻ َﻞ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﱡ ْ َ َ‬ ‫‪َ -١٩٩‬و ُﳌ ْﺴﻠ ٍﻢ‪َ :‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ُ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﺤ ِﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻓ ْﻠ ُﻴ َﻮاﺻ ْﻞ َإﱃ ﱠ‬

‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٦٢‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٠٢‬‬

‫وﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٦٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٠٣‬‬

‫وﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٦٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٠٥‬‬

‫وﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﻧﺲ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٦١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٠٤‬‬

 ‫ِ‬
‫‪٣١‬‬ ‫وﻏﲑه‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪ُ َ‬‬
‫ﺑﺎب اﻟﺼﻮ ِم ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫اﳋﺪْ ِر ﱢي‪ (...‬ﺑﻞ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪،(١٩٦٣‬‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬و ُﳌ ْﺴﻠ ٍﻢ‪َ :‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ُ‬
‫وﱂ ﻳﺮوه ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ‪‬اﻟﻌﺪة‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎﻋﺪً ا ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫ﲔ َﻓﺼ ِ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬ﻋ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻮ َﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺎل( َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﺻ ْﻮ ُم َﻳ ْﻮ َﻣ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﳖَﻰ َر ُﺳ ُ‬
‫ب َﺑ ْﻴﻨ َُﻬ َﲈ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(٢١١/٧) ‬‬ ‫ﴍ ٍ‬ ‫َﻏ ْ ِﲑ َأﻛ ٍ‬
‫ْﻞ َأ ْو ُ ْ‬

‫ون إِ َﱃ َ ْﲢ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ ا ْﻟ ِﻮ َﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺎل‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ ‪َ :‬ذ َﻫ َ‬
‫ﺐ ْاﻷَ ْﻛ َﺜ ُﺮ َ‬

‫ﺖ ِﻣ ْﺜ َﻠﻜ ُْﻢ‪ ،‬ﱢإﲏ ُأ ْﻃ َﻌ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺻﺎل ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﻲ ‪ ‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪ » :‬ﱢإﲏ َﻟ ْﺴ ُ‬

‫ﺖ ِو َﺻ ًﺎﻻ َﻳﺪَ ُع اﳌُ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻤ ُﻘ َ‬
‫ﻮن‬ ‫اﺻ ْﻠ ُ‬ ‫َو ُأ ْﺳ َﻘﻰ«‪ .‬وﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ » :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُﻣﺪﱠ ِ َﰊ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ُﺮ َﻟ َﻮ َ‬
‫ﻴﺖ ُﻳ ْﻄ ِﻌ ُﻤﻨِﻲ َر ﱢﰊ َو َﻳ ْﺴ ِﻘﻴﻨِﻲ« َﻓ َﻠ ﱠﲈ َأ َﺑ ْﻮا‬‫َﺗ َﻌ ﱡﻤ َﻘ ُﻬ ْﻢ«‪ ،‬وﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪َ » :‬و َأ ﱡﻳﻜ ُْﻢ ِﻣ ْﺜ ِﲇ؟ إِ ﱢﲏ َأﺑِ ُ‬
‫ﺎل واﺻ َﻞ ِﲠِﻢ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ ر َأوا ْ ِ‬
‫اﳍ َﻼ َل‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻟ ْﻮ‬ ‫ْ َْ ً ﱠ َْ ً ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َأ ْن َﻳﻨْﺘ َُﻬﻮا َﻋ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻮ َﺻ ِ َ َ‬
‫ﱢﻞ َﳍ ُ ْﻢ ِﺣ َ‬
‫ﲔ َأ َﺑ ْﻮا َأ ْن َﻳﻨْﺘ َُﻬﻮا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗ ََﺄ ﱠﺧﺮ ْ ِ‬
‫اﳍ َﻼ ُل َﻟ ِﺰ ْد ُﺗﻜ ُْﻢ« َﻛﺎﳌُﻨَﻜ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﺻ َﻞ َﻓ ْﻠﻴﻮ ِ‬
‫اﳋﺪْ ِري‪َ » :‬ﻓ َﺄﻳﻜُﻢ َأراد َأ ْن ﻳﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫اﺻ ْﻞ َإﱃ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ﱡ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ْ ُ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺒ ِﺢ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﳐﺘﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﺤ ِﺮ«( ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﻮاز اﻟﻮﺻﺎل إﱃ اﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪ .‬و ﱠ‬
‫)اﻟﺴ َﺤ ُﺮ( ُﻗ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻞ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪.‬‬

‫)‪(‬‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬

‫‪َ  َ‬و ‪ْ ‬هِ‬

‫‪َ‬بُ ‪‬أ‪ َ‬ا‪ ‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ‬ ‫ﱪ َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﺎص ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬أ ْﺧ ِ َ‬ ‫‪َ -٢٠٠‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪاﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ِ‬

‫ﻮل‪َ َ :‬واﷲِ ﻷَ ُﺻﻮ َﻣ ﱠﻦ اﻟﻨ َﱠﻬ َﺎر‪َ ،‬وﻷَ ُﻗﻮ َﻣ ﱠﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ َﻞ َﻣﺎ ِﻋ ْﺸ ُﺖ‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‬ ‫َأ ﱢﲏ َأ ُﻗ ُ‬

‫ْﺖ‬‫ﻚ؟« َﻓ ُﻘ ْﻠ ُﺖ َﻟ ُﻪ‪َ :‬ﻗﺪْ ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﺄ ِﰊ َأﻧ َ‬ ‫ﻮل َذﻟِ َ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ‪َ » :‬أﻧ َ‬
‫ْﺖ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﺗ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫َر ُﺳ ُ‬

‫ﻚ‪َ .‬ﻓ ُﺼ ْﻢ َو َأ ْﻓﻄِ ْﺮ‪َ ،‬وﻧ َْﻢ َو ُﻗ ْﻢ‪َ .‬و ُﺻ ْﻢ ِﻣ َﻦ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ َذﻟِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﱠﻚ ﻻ ﺗ َْﺴﺘَﻄ ُ‬ ‫َو ُأ ﱢﻣﻲ‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻓﺈِﻧ َ‬
‫ﻚ ِﻣ ْﺜ ُﻞ ِﺻ َﻴﺎ ِم اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻫ ِﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﳍﺎ‪َ ،‬و َذﻟِ َ‬
‫ﴩ َأﻣ َﺜ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ َﺛﻼ َﺛ َﺔ َأ ﱠﻳﺎمٍ؛ َﻓﺈِ ﱠن َ‬
‫اﳊ َﺴﻨَ َﺔ ﺑِ َﻌ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﲔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ‪َ :‬ﻓﺈِ ﱢﲏ ُأﻃِ ُﻴﻖ َأ ْﻓ َﻀ َﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻓ ُﺼ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َو َأ ْﻓﻄِ ْﺮ َﻳ ْﻮ َﻣ ْ ِ‬

‫ﻚ‬‫ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ‪ُ :‬أﻃِ ُﻴﻖ َأ ْﻓ َﻀ َﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻓ ُﺼ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َو َأ ْﻓﻄِ ْﺮ َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ؛ َﻓ َﺬﻟِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم«‪َ .‬ﻓ ُﻘ ْﻠ ُﺖ‪ :‬ﱢإﲏ ُأﻃِ ُﻴﻖ َأ ْﻓ َﻀ َﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻ َﻴﺎ ُم َد ُاو َد‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ْﻓ َﻀ ُﻞ ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﻚ«‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َأ ْﻓ َﻀ َﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َ‬

‫َو ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ٍﺔ‪» :‬ﻻ َﺻ ْﻮ َم َﻓ ْﻮ َق َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َد ُاو َد ‪َ -‬ﺷ ْﻄ َﺮ اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻫ ِﺮ ‪ُ -‬ﺻ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َو َأ ْﻓﻄِ ْﺮ‬
‫َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ«‪.‬‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٧٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٥٩‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬و ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ٍﺔ‪ :‬ﻻ َﺻ ْﻮ َم َﻓ ْﻮ َق َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َد ُاو َد‪ (...‬رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪،(١٩٨٠‬‬
‫وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٥٩‬‬
 ‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِه‬ ‫‪َ َ‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺎب َأ ْﻓ َﻀ ِﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫ﻴﻊ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ( ﻓﻴﻪ إﺷﺎرة إﱃ أﻧﻪ ‪ ‬ﻋﺮف ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻓﺈِﻧ َﱠﻚ ﻻ ﺗ َْﺴﺘَﻄ ُ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﺪوام ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ رواﻳﺎت ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ت إِ َﱃ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻮل ﺑِ َ‬ ‫ﻚ َﻳ ُﻄ ُ‬ ‫ﱠﻚ َﻻ ﺗَﺪْ ِري َﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻠ َ‬ ‫َو َﻗ َﺎل ِﱄ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ‪» :‬إِﻧ َ‬
‫ﴫ ُ‬‫ﻚ ُﻋ ْﻤ ٌﺮ« َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓ ْ‬
‫ت َأ ﱢﲏ ُﻛﻨ ُْﺖ َﻗﺒِ ْﻠ ُﺖ ُر ْﺧ َﺼ َﺔ ﻧَﺒِ ﱢﻲ اﷲِ ‪.‬‬ ‫َﱪ ُت َو ِد ْد ُ‬ ‫ا ﱠﻟﺬي َﻗ َﺎل ِﱄ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ﱠﲈ ﻛ ِ ْ‬
‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ َﺛﻼ َﺛ َﺔ َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ٍم( ﺟﺎء ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (١١٦٠‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬و ُﺻ ْﻢ ِﻣ َﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬ﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُم‬ ‫َﺎن َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﻌﺎ َذ َة ا ْﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِو ﱠﻳ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠﳖَﺎ َﺳ َﺄ َﻟ ْﺖ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ َز ْو َج اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪َ :‬أﻛ َ‬
‫ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َﺷ ْﻬ ٍﺮ َﺛ َﻼ َﺛ َﺔ َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ٍم؟ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪َ :‬ﻧ َﻌ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻘ ْﻠ ُﺖ َﳍَﺎ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ﱢي َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ِم ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُم؟‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُم‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪َ :‬ﱂ ْ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ُﻳ َﺒ ِﺎﱄ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ﱢي َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ِم ﱠ‬

‫ﲔ ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫ان ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺣ َﺼ ْ ٍ‬ ‫أﻳﻀﺎ َﻋ ْﻦ ِﻋ ْﻤ َﺮ َ‬ ‫وﺟﺎء ﰲ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ً (١١٦١‬‬

‫ﴎ ِة َﻫ َﺬا ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ؟«‬ ‫َﻗ َﺎل َﻟﻪ‪َ - :‬أو َﻗ َﺎل ﻟِﺮﺟ ٍﻞ وﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ‪» -‬ﻳﺎ ُﻓ َﻼ ُن‪َ ،‬أﺻﻤ َ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣ ْﻦ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ُ َ َْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﲔ«‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻻ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َأ ْﻓ َﻄ ْﺮ َت‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﺼ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻮ َﻣ ْ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ‪،‬‬‫ﴎ ِة ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ُﻮن ْاﻷَ ﱠﻳﺎ ُم اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ ﻣ ْﻦ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪ُ :‬ﻳ ْﺴﺘ ََﺤ ﱡ‬
‫ﺐ َأ ْن َﺗﻜ َ‬
‫ﺎب ﻛ َْﻮ ِن اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ ِﻫ َﻲ َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ُم‬ ‫و ِﻫﻲ وﺳ ُﻄﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫ َﺬا ﻣ ﱠﺘ َﻔ ٌﻖ َﻋ َﲆ اﺳﺘِﺤﺒﺎﺑِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ْﺤ َﺒ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ َْ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻴﺾ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(٤٩/٨) ‬‬
‫ا ْﻟﺒِ ِ‬

‫ﴩ َة‪َ ،‬و َأ ْر َﺑ َﻊ‬

‫ث َﻋ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺎب ِﺻ َﻴﺎ ِم َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ِم اﻟﺒِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺾ‪َ :‬ﺛ َﻼ َ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﲬﺲ َﻋ ْﴩ َة(‪ .‬وذﻛﺮ ﲢﺘﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪َ :‬أوﺻ ِﺎﲏ َﺧﻠِ ِﻴﲇ ‪ ‬ﺑِ َﺜ َﻼ ٍ‬
‫ث‪ .‬اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﴩ َة‪َ ،‬و َ ْ َ‬
‫َﻋ ْ َ‬
‫ﻴﺾ اﻟ ﱠﻠﻴ ِﺎﱄ‪ ،‬و ِﻫﻲ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ﻳﻜ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﻤ ُﺮ‬
‫ُﻮن ﻓ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ ‪ :‬ﻗ َﻴﻞ‪ :‬اﳌُ َﺮا ُد ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﺒِ ِ َ‬
‫آﺧ ِﺮ ِه‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ َأو ِل اﻟ ﱠﻠﻴ ِﻞ إِ َﱃ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء ﰲ ‪‬ﻣﺴﻨﺪ أﲪﺪ‪َ :(٢٠٧٣٨) ‬ﻋ ْﻦ َر ُﺟ ٍﻞ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺑﻨِﻲ ُأ َﻗ ْﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺶ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ ﻛﺘ ُ‬
‫َﺎب‬
‫اﻟﺼﺪْ ِر«‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ِ » :‬ﺻ َﻴﺎ ُم َﺛ َﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ٍم ِﻣ َﻦ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ ُﻳ ْﺬﻫ ْﺒ َﻦ َو َﺣ َﺮ ﱠ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬
‫ﺳﺎوﺳﻪ‪ .‬و ِﻗ َﻴﻞ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﳊ ْﻘﺪ واﻟ َﻐ ْﻴﻆ‪.‬‬ ‫وو ِ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪْ ر( ُﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱠﺤﺮﻳﻚ‪ :‬ﻏ ﱡﺸﻪ َ‬ ‫) َو َﺣ َﺮ ﱠ‬
‫ﺪاوة‪َ .‬و ِﻗ َﻴﻞ‪َ :‬أ َﺷﺪﱡ اﻟ َﻐ َﻀﺐ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوﻗ َﻴﻞ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ َ‬

‫ﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺬ َﻫﺐ َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻈ ِ‬

‫ﺎﻫ ِﺮ إِ َﱃ َﻣﻨْ ِﻊ‬ ‫ﻒ ا ْﻟﻌ َﻠﲈء ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪ْ :‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﺧ َﺘ َﻠ َ ُ َ ُ‬
‫ﺎﻫ ُﲑ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء إِ َﱃ َﺟ َﻮ ِاز ِه إِ َذا َﱂ ْ َﻳ ُﺼ ِﻢ ْاﻷَ ﱠﻳﺎ َم اﳌَﻨ ِْﻬ ﱠﻲ َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﲨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺻ َﻴﺎ ِم اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻫ ِﺮ‪َ ...‬و َذ َﻫ َ‬
‫ﺐ ََ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﴩ ُﻳﻖ‪ ...‬ﺑِ َ ِ‬ ‫و ِﻫﻲ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ ِﻌﻴﺪَ ِ‬
‫ت َﺣﻘﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫ﴐ ٌر‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ُﻳ َﻔ ﱢﻮ َ‬‫ﴩط َأ ْن َﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺤ َﻘ ُﻪ ﺑِﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ان َواﻟﺘ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(٤٠/٨) ‬‬
‫وإﻧﲈ رأى ﲨﺎﻫﲑ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء ﺟﻮاز ﺻﻴﺎم اﻟﺪﻫﺮ؛ ﻷن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻛﺎن‬
‫ﻳﴪد اﻟﺼﻴﺎم‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫واﻟﺮاﺟﺢ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺮوه؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺒﺎب‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺎء ﰲ إﺣﺪى رواﻳﺎﺗﻪ‬

‫خ)‪ ،(١٩٧٧‬م)‪َ » :(١١٥٩‬ﻻ َﺻﺎ َم َﻣ ْﻦ َﺻﺎ َم اﻷَ َﺑﺪَ « َﻣ ﱠﺮﺗ ْ ِ‬
‫َﲔ‪.‬‬

‫َﺲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟ ِ ٍﻚ ‪‬‬ ‫وﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ :‬خ)‪ ،(٥٠٦٣‬م)‪ :(١٤٠١‬ﻋﻦ َأﻧ ِ‬

‫ﻮن َﻋ ْﻦ ِﻋ َﺒﺎ َد ِة اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪،‬‬ ‫اج اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﺴ َﺄ ُﻟ َ‬ ‫ﻮت َأ ْز َو ِ‬ ‫ﻂ إِ َﱃ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ُُ‬
‫ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﺟﺎء َﺛ َﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ رﻫ ٍ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻮﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ ُﻟﻮا‪َ :‬و َأ ْﻳ َﻦ ﻧ َْﺤ ُﻦ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪‬؟ َﻗﺪْ ُﻏ ِﻔ َﺮ َﻟ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ َﺗ َﻘﺪﱠ َم‬ ‫ﱪوا َﻛ َﺄ ﱠﳖ ُ ْﻢ َﺗ َﻘﺎ ﱡﻟ َ‬‫َﻓ َﻠ ﱠﲈ ُأ ْﺧ ِ ُ‬
‫آﺧ ُﺮ‪َ :‬أﻧَﺎ‬‫ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻧْﺒِ ِﻪ َو َﻣﺎ َﺗ َﺄ ﱠﺧ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل َأ َﺣﺪُ ُﻫ ْﻢ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ َأﻧَﺎ َﻓﺈِ ﱢﲏ ُأ َﺻ ﱢﲇ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ َﻞ َأ َﺑﺪً ا‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل َ‬
‫آﺧ ُﺮ‪َ :‬أﻧَﺎ َأ ْﻋﺘ َِﺰ ُل اﻟﻨ َﱢﺴﺎ َء َﻓ َﻼ َأﺗ ََﺰ ﱠو ُج َأ َﺑﺪً ا‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺠﺎ َء‬ ‫َأ ُﺻﻮ ُم اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻫ َﺮ َو َﻻ ُأ ْﻓﻄِ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل َ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ُﻗ ْﻠﺘ ُْﻢ ﻛ ََﺬا َوﻛ ََﺬا‪َ ،‬أ َﻣﺎ َواﷲِ إِ ﱢﲏ َﻷَ ْﺧ َﺸﺎﻛ ُْﻢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ‪ ‬إِ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ » :‬أ ْﻧﺘ ُُﻢ ا ﱠﻟﺬ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻤ ْﻦ َرﻏ َ‬ ‫ﷲ َو َأ ْﺗ َﻘﺎﻛ ُْﻢ َﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﱢﻲ َأ ُﺻﻮ ُم َو ُأ ْﻓﻄ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬و ُأ َﺻ ﱢﲇ َو َأ ْر ُﻗﺪُ ‪َ ،‬و َأ َﺗﺰ ﱠَو ُج اﻟﻨ َﱢﺴ َ‬
‫َﻋ ْﻦ ُﺳﻨﱠﺘِﻲ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ«‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِه‬ ‫‪َ َ‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺎب َأ ْﻓ َﻀ ِﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫وﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (١١٦٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َأ ِﰊ َﻗﺘَﺎ َد َة ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ‪َ :‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل ُﻋ َﻤ ُﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ‪َ ،‬ﻛ ْﻴ َ‬
‫ﻒ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻦ َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُم اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻫ َﺮ ُﻛ ﱠﻠ ُﻪ؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﺻﺎ َم َو َﻻ َأ ْﻓ َﻄ َﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫َﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬

‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ‪ :‬ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻳ ْﻘ َﻮى ِﻋﻨ ِْﺪي َأ ﱠن َﺻ ْﻮ َم اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻫ ِﺮ َﻣﻜ ُْﺮو ٌه‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﱂ ْ َﻳ ُﺼ ْﻢ‬
‫َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ْاﻷَ ﱠﻳﺎ َم ]ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ وأﻳﺎم اﻟﺘﴩﻳﻖ[‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﺻﺎ َﻣ َﻬﺎ َﻗﺪْ َﻓ َﻌ َﻞ ُﳏ َ ﱠﺮ ًﻣﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِﻧ َﱠﲈ ﻛ ُِﺮ َه‬
‫ﻒ‪َ ،‬و ِﺷ ْﺒ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺒﺘ ِﱡﻞ اﳌَﻨ ِْﻬ ﱢﻲ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﳌﻐﻨﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫َﺻ ْﻮ ُم اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻫ ِﺮ َﳌﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣ َﻦ ا َﳌ َﺸ ﱠﻘﺔ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ ْ‬
‫إن َأﺣﺐ اﻟﺼﻴﺎ ِم َإﱃ اﷲِ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠١‬و َﻋﻨْﻪ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪ » :‬ﱠ َ ﱠ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ﻒ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ِﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻼة َإﱃ اﷲِ َﺻﻼ ُة َد ُاود؛ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻳﻨَﺎ ُم ﻧِ ْﺼ َ‬ ‫ِﺻﻴﺎم داود‪ ،‬و َأﺣﺐ اﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫َ ُ َ ُ َ َ ﱠ ﱠ‬
‫َﺎن َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُم َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ ْﻔﻄِ ُﺮ َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ«‪.‬‬
‫َو َﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُم ُﺛ ُﻠ َﺜ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻳﻨَﺎ ُم ُﺳﺪُ َﺳ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬وﻛ َ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١١٣١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٥٩‬‬

‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم َإﱃ اﷲِ ِﺻ َﻴﺎ ُم َد ُاود( وذﻟﻚ ﻷﻧﻪ َﻳ ْﺄ َﻣ ُﻦ َﻏﺎﻟ ِ ًﺒﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫ﺐ ﱢ‬ ‫)إن َأ َﺣ ﱠ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﱠ‬
‫اﳊ ُﻘ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮق واﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻜﺲ ﺻﻴﺎم اﻟﺪﻫﺮ ‪ -‬وإن أﻟﻔﻪ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن واﻋﺘﺎد ﴎد‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻔ ِﻮﻳﺖ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎم ‪ -‬ﻓﺈن ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺘًﺎ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﳊﻘﻮق واﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﴍح‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ )‪.(١٩٧٧‬‬

‫ﻒ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ِﻞ‪ (...‬ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻼة َإﱃ اﷲِ َﺻﻼ ُة َد ُاود؛ ﻛ َ‬

‫َﺎن َﻳﻨَﺎ ُم ﻧِ ْﺼ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬و َأﺣﺐ اﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫َ َ ﱠ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻋ ٌﺔ ِﻗ َﻴﺎ َم ﻛ ﱢُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ِﻞ؛ ﻟ ِ َﺮ ﱢد اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ْﻦ َأ َرا َد ُه‪َ ،‬وﳌَ ِﺎ‬
‫ﲨ َ‬‫اﺑﻦ دﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﻛ َِﺮ َه َ َ‬
‫ﺎﻋ ٌﺔ ِﻣﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺘﻌﺒ ِﺪﻳﻦ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺴ َﻠ ِ‬ ‫ﻒ َﻋ ِﺪﻳﺪَ ٍة‪َ ،‬و َﻓ َﻌ َﻠ ُﻪ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎف ﺑِ َﻮ َﻇ ِﺎﺋ َ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﺤ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﲨ َ َ َﱢ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِﻪ ﻣ َﻦ ْ ِ ْ َ‬
‫ﺐ اﻟﺮ ْﻓ ِﻖ ﺑِﺎﳌُ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِ‬ ‫َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِﻫ ْﻢ‪َ .‬و َﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻬ ْﻢ َ َ‬
‫ﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ﱠد َﻋ َﲆ َﻃ َﻠ ِ ﱢ‬ ‫ﲪ ُﻠﻮا ﱠ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬
‫اﻟﺮ َوا َﻳ ِﺔ ِز َﻳﺎ َد ُة ِﻗ َﻴﺎ ِم اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ِﻞ‪َ .‬و َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺪ ُﻳﺮ ُه ﺑِ َﲈ َذﻛ ََﺮ‪َ .‬وﻧ َْﻮ ُم‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ‪ :‬ﰲ َﻫﺬه ﱢ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ً‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺲ‪ ،‬و ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ ﻣﺼ َﻠﺤ ُﺔ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺒ ِﺢ‪،‬‬‫اﺳﺘ ْﻘ َﺒ ُﺎل َﺻ َﻼة ﱡ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﺑ َﻘﺎء َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ُﺳﺪُ ﺳﻪ ْاﻷَﺧ ِﲑ‪ :‬ﻓ َ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺪُ َس ْاﻷَ ِﺧ َﲑ‪َ :‬أ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺢ َﺟﺎﻣﺎ َﻏ ْ َﲑ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﺑِﺎﻟﻨ َﱠﺸﺎط‪َ ...‬ﻓﺈِ ﱠن َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَﺎ َم ﱡ‬ ‫َﺎر َأ ﱠو ِل اﻟﻨ َﱠﻬ ِ‬
‫َو َأ ْذﻛ ُ‬
‫ﻮك ا ْﻟ ُﻘ َﻮى‪َ .‬ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َأ ْﻗ َﺮ ُب َإﱃ َأ ْن ُﳜ ِْﻔ َﻲ َأ َﺛ َﺮ َﻋ َﻤﻠِ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻳ َﺮا ُه‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻨْﻬ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬

‫ﻼث‪ِ :‬ﺻ َﻴﺎ ِم َﺛﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ‬

‫‪َ -٢٠٢‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫﺮﻳﺮ َة ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬أوﺻ ِﺎﲏ َﺧﻠِ ِﻴﲇ ﷺ ﺑِ َﺜ ٍ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﺤﻰ‪َ ،‬و َأ ْن ُأوﺗِ َﺮ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ ْن َأﻧَﺎ َم‪.‬‬
‫َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ٍم ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َﺷ ْﻬ ٍﺮ‪َ ،‬و َر ْﻛ َﻌﺘ َِﻲ ﱡ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٨١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٧٢١‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ِ ) :‬ﺻ َﻴﺎ ِم َﺛﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ٍم ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َﺷ ْﻬ ٍﺮ( ﺗﻘﺪم ﴍﺣﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮو رﻗﻢ)‪.(٢٠٠‬‬
‫ﺎب َﺻ َﻼ ِة ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﺤﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺤ َﺒ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺤﻰ( ِﰲ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ َدﻟ ٌﻴﻞ َﻋ َﲆ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫)ر ْﻛ َﻌﺘ َِﻲ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ :‬‬
‫َﺎن‪َ ،‬و َﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻪ َذﻛ ََﺮ ْاﻷَ َﻗ ﱠﻞ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﺗ ََﻮ ﱠﺟ َﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺄﻛِﻴﺪُ ﻟ ِ ِﻔ ْﻌﻠِ ِﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم‬
‫و َأﳖﺎ ر ْﻛﻌﺘ ِ‬
‫َ ﱠَ َ َ‬
‫اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺻﻼة اﻟﻀﺤﻰ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ (٧٢٠‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َذ ﱟر ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪َ ‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗ َﺎل‪ُ » :‬ﻳ ْﺼﺒِ ُﺢ َﻋ َﲆ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ‬
‫ﻴﺤ ٍﺔ َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻛ ﱡُﻞ َ ْﲢ ِﻤﻴﺪَ ٍة َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻛ ﱡُﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﺳ َﻼ َﻣﻰ ﻣ ْﻦ َأ َﺣﺪﻛ ُْﻢ َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻜ ﱡُﻞ ﺗ َْﺴﺒِ َ‬
‫وف َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﳖ ْ ٌﻲ َﻋ ِﻦ اﳌُﻨْﻜ َِﺮ‬‫َﲥﻠِﻴ َﻠ ٍﺔ ﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﺗ ْﻜﺒِﲑ ٍة ﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و َأﻣﺮ ﺑِﺎﳌَﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫َ ٌْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﺤﻰ«‪.‬‬ ‫َﺎن َﻳ ْﺮ َﻛ ُﻌ ُﻬ َﲈ ِﻣ َﻦ ﱡ‬
‫ﳚ ِﺰئُ ِﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َﻚ َر ْﻛ َﻌﺘ ِ‬
‫َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬و ُ ْ‬
 ‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِه‬ ‫‪َ َ‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺎب َأ ْﻓ َﻀ ِﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫وﻣﻦ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ :‬خ)‪ ،(٣١٧١‬م)‪ (٣٣٦‬ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‬

‫ﻳﻮم اﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺛﲈن رﻛﻌﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ أم ﻫﺎﻧﺊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺒﺪأ ﻣﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻗﻴﺪ رﻣﺢ إﱃ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﺰوال‪.‬‬

‫وأﻓﻀﻞ أوﻗﺎﲥﺎ ﺣﲔ ﺗﺮﻣﺾ اﻟﻔﺼﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻦ َز ْﻳﺪَ ْﺑ َﻦ َأ ْر َﻗ َﻢ ‪َ ، ‬أ ﱠن‬

‫ﲔ ﺗ َْﺮ َﻣ ُﺾ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ َﺼ ُﺎل« رواه ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٧٤٨‬‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬ﺻ َﻼ ُة ْاﻷَواﺑِ ِ‬
‫َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫ﲔﺣ َ‬‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﺣﲔ ﺗﺸﺘﺪ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺰوال‪.‬‬

‫وﺻﻼة اﻹﴍاق ﻫﻲ ﺻﻼة اﻟﻀﺤﻰ ﰲ أول وﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﺑﻦ ﺑﺎز‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﳎﻤﻮع ﻓﺘﺎوى اﺑﻦ ﺑﺎز‪.(٤٠١/١١) ‬‬

‫‪ :‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ (٧١٧‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪاﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺷ ِﻘ ٍﻴﻖ َﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ‬
‫ﳚﻲ َء ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ ِﻐﻴﺒِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟ ِ َﻌ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ‪َ :‬ﻫ ْﻞ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ‪ُ ‬ﻳ َﺼ ﱢﲇ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﺤﻰ؟ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪َ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬إِ ﱠﻻ َأ ْن َ ِ‬
‫وﻋﻦ ﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ‪َ ‬أﳖﺎ َﻗﺎ َﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ر َأﻳﺖ رﺳ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﺤﻰ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ ‪ُ ‬ﻳ َﺼ ﱢﲇ ُﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ َﺔ ﱡ‬ ‫ْ َ َ ْ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َﺎن رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ‪َ ‬ﻟ َﻴﺪَ ُع ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ َﻞ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ُﳛ ﱡ‬
‫ﺐ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ‬ ‫َﻗ ﱡﻂ‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱢﲏ َﻷُ َﺳ ﱢﺒ ُﺤ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻛ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﱠﺎس َﻓ ُﻴ ْﻔ َﺮ َض َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬خ)‪،(١١٢٨‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺑِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﺧ ْﺸ َﻴ َﺔ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ ﺑِﻪ اﻟﻨ ُ‬
‫م)‪.(٧١٨‬‬
‫َﺎن رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ‪ُ ‬ﻳ َﺼ ﱢﲇ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﺤﻰ‬ ‫وأﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪ ‬أﳖﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻛ َ َ ُ‬
‫َأ ْر َﺑ ًﻌﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ِﺰﻳﺪُ َﻣﺎ َﺷﺎ َء اﷲُ‪ .‬رواه ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪(٧١٩‬؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ أﻧﻜﺮه أﲪﺪ‪،‬‬
‫واﻷﺛﺮم‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬وردوه ﺑﺄن اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺢ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ‪ ‬ﺳﺒﺤﻪ اﻟﻀﺤﻰ ﻗﻂ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﴍح ﻋﻠﻞ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‪ ‬ﻻﺑﻦ رﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫ﲔ َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺜ ْﻲ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ِﰲ َﻧ ْﻔ ِﻲ َﺻ َﻼﺗِ ِﻪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪َ :‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ ْ‬
‫اﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ َﺑ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎت؛ ﻟ ِ َﻔ ْﻀﻠِ َﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺎن ﻳﺼ ﱢﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌ َﺾ ْاﻷَو َﻗ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ﺎﲥﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َأ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ‪ ‬ﻛ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﺤﻰ َوإِ ْﺛ َﺒ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫ﱰﻛ َُﻬﺎ ِﰲ َﺑ ْﻌ ِﻀ َﻬﺎ؛ َﺧ ْﺸ َﻴ َﺔ َأ ْن ُﺗ ْﻔ َﺮ َض‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﲈ َذﻛ ََﺮ ْﺗ ُﻪ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ ُﺔ‪َ .‬و ُﻳ َﺘ َﺄ ﱠو ُل َﻗ ْﻮ ُﳍَﺎ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫َو َﻳ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َوا َﻳ ِﺔ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ إِ ﱠﻻ َأ ْن َﳚِﻲ َء ﻣ ْﻦ َﻣﻐﻴﺒِﻪ( َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠن َﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َر َأ ْﻳ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﲈ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ ِﰲ ﱢ‬ ‫ُﻳ َﺼ ﱢﻠ َ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﺤﻰ(‪َ .‬و َﺳ َﺒ ُﺒ ُﻪ‪َ :‬أ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻴ ِﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺎ ر َأﻳﺖ رﺳ َ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ‪ُ ‬ﻳ َﺼ ﱢﲇ ُﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ َﺔ ﱡ‬ ‫َ َ َ ْ ُ َ ُ‬
‫ﺎت‪َ ...‬ﻓ َﻴ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ‬ ‫َﺎد ٍر ِﻣﻦ ْاﻷَو َﻗ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺤﻰ إِ ﱠﻻ ِﰲ ﻧ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺎن ﻳﻜ ُ ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫ُﻮن ﻋﻨْﺪَ َﻋﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ِﰲ َو ْﻗﺖ ﱡ َ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ ﻛ َ َ‬
‫ُﻮن َﻗﺪْ َﻋﻠِ َﻤ ْﺖ ﺑِ َﺨ َ ِﱪ ِه َأ ْو َﺧ َ ِﱪ َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِه َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺻ ﱠﻼ َﻫﺎ‪َ .‬أ ْو‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﳍَﺎ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﺎ َر َأ ْﻳ ُﺘ ُﻪ ُﻳ َﺼ ﱢﻠ َﻴﻬﺎ(‪َ ،‬و َﺗﻜ ُ‬
‫ُﻮن َﻧ ْﻔ ًﻴﺎ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤﺪَ َاو َﻣ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ( َأ ْي‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ُﻳﺪَ ِاو ُم َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻴﻜ ُ‬ ‫َﺎن ُﻳ َﺼ ﱢﻠ َ‬‫ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ ْﻮ ُﳍَﺎ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛ َ‬
‫ﷲ َأ ْﻋ َﻠ ُﻢ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(٢٣٠/٥) ‬‬ ‫ِﻷَ ْﺻﻠِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وا ُ‬

‫أن ﺻﻼة اﻟﻀﺤﻰ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺼﻼة اﳌﺆداة وﻗﺖ اﻟﻀﺤﻰ‪ ،‬أﻗﻠﻬﺎ رﻛﻌﺘﺎن‪ ،‬وﻻ‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﻷﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ اﳌﺪاوﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻟﻔﻀﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﻗﻮل اﳉﻤﻬﻮر‪.‬‬

‫ﺎﲠﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ دﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪ :‬و َﻋﺪَ م ﻣﻮا َﻇﺒ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِﻲ ‪َ ‬ﻋ َﻠﻴﻬﺎ َﻻ ﻳﻨ َِﺎﰲ ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ْﺤ َﺒ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫َ ُ َُ َ‬
‫ﺎب َﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُم ﺑِﺪَ َﻻ َﻟ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻷَ ﱠن اﻻ ْﺳﺘ ْﺤ َﺒ َ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬و َأ ْن ُأوﺗِ َﺮ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ ْن َأﻧَﺎ َم( ﺗﻘﺪم ﴍﺣﻪ ﰲ ﺑﺎب اﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ رﻗﻢ‬
‫)‪.(١٢٩‬‬
 ‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِه‬ ‫‪َ َ‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺎب َأ ْﻓ َﻀ ِﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫ﺎد ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔ ٍﺮ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺳ َﺄ ْﻟ ُﺖ َﺟﺎﺑِ َﺮ ْﺑ َﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪاﷲِ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -٢٠٣‬ﻋﻦ ُﳏَﻤ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺒ ِ‬

‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ﱠ ْ‬
‫اﳉ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻧ َﻌ ْﻢ‪َ .‬و َزا َد ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ‪َ :‬و َر ﱢب‬
‫َأ َﳖَﻰ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ﷺ َﻋ ْﻦ َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َﻳ ْﻮ ِم ْ ُ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻌ َﺒ ِﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٨٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٤٣‬‬

‫)و َزا َد ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ‪َ :‬و َر ﱢب ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻌ َﺒ ِﺔ( ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ ‪َ :‬و َزا ُدوا َأ ْﻳ ًﻀﺎ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺖ‪َ .‬و ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ِﺔ اﻟﻨ َﱠﺴ ِﺎﺋ ﱢﻲ‪َ :‬و َر ﱢب ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻌ َﺒ ِﺔ‪َ .‬و َﻋ َﺰ َاﻫﺎ‬
‫آﺧ ِﺮ ِه‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ورب ﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫َ ْ ََ ﱢ َ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺐ )ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺪَ ِة( ُﳌ ِ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻮ َﻫ َﻢ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫َﺻﺎﺣ ُ‬
‫اﳉ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ؟( اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻬ ُﻲ َﻋ ْﻦ َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َﻳ ْﻮ ِم‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬أ َﳖَﻰ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ‪َ ‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َﻳ ْﻮ ِم ْ ُ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم‬ ‫ﲔ ِﰲ َﻣ ْﻮ ِﺿ ٍﻊ َ‬ ‫ﻮل َﻋ َﲆ َﺻ ْﻮ ِﻣ ِﻪ ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮ ًدا‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﲈ َﺗ َﺒ ﱠ َ‬
‫اﳉ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ َﳏ ْ ُﻤ ٌ‬
‫ُْ‬
‫اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل‪» :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ َﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫‪َ -٢٠٤‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َر ُﺳ َ‬

‫اﳉ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﺼﻮ َم َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُه«‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﻣ ﱠﻦ َأ َﺣﺪُ ﻛ ُْﻢ َﻳ ْﻮ َم ُ‬
‫َﻳ ُﺼ َ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٨٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٤٤‬‬

‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬
‫اﳉ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﺼﻮ َم َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻻ َﻳ ُﺼﻮ َﻣ ﱠﻦ َأ َﺣﺪُ ﻛ ُْﻢ َﻳ ْﻮ َم ْ ُ‬
‫َﺎء َﺟ َﻮ ُاز ُه َﳌِ ْﻦ َﺻﺎ َم َﻗ ْﺒ َﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْو َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُه‪َ ،‬أ ِو‬‫اﻻﺳﺘِ ْﺜﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُه( ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ ‪ُ :‬ﻳ ْﺆ َﺧ ُﺬ ﻣ َﻦ ْ‬
‫ﻴﺾ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻣ ْﻦ َﻟ ُﻪ َﻋﺎ َد ٌة‬ ‫ا ﱠﺗ َﻔ َﻖ ُو ُﻗﻮ ُﻋ ُﻪ ِﰲ َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ٍم َﻟ ُﻪ َﻋﺎ َد ٌة ﺑِ َﺼ ْﻮ ِﻣ َﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻛ ََﻤ ْﻦ َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُم َأ ﱠﻳﺎ َم ا ْﻟﺒِ ِ‬
‫اﳉُ ْﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ‪َ .‬و ُﻳ ْﺆ َﺧ ُﺬ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ َﺟ َﻮ ُاز َﺻ ْﻮ ِﻣ ِﻪ َﳌ ِ ْﻦ ﻧ ََﺬ َر‬
‫ﲔ َﻛ َﻴ ْﻮ ِم َﻋ َﺮ َﻓ َﺔ َﻓ َﻮا َﻓ َﻖ َﻳ ْﻮ َم ْ‬‫ﺑِ َﺼ ْﻮ ِم َﻳ ْﻮ ٍم ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠ ٍ‬
‫ﻓﻼن‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ‪َ ،‬أو َﻳ ْﻮم ِﺷ َﻔﺎء َ‬ ‫َﻳ ْﻮ َم ُﻗﺪُ و ِم َز ْﻳ ٍﺪ ً‬

‫ﺎن َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُم َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َو ُﻳ ْﻔﻄِ ُﺮ َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺠﺎ َء ُه َﺻ ْﻮ ُﻣ ُﻪ ِﰲ‬ ‫َﺎن إﻧ َْﺴ ٌ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪َ :‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬
‫اﳉ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ُﺼ ْﻤ ُﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﳌﺤﲆ‪.‬‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫وﺟﺎء ﰲ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ (١١٤٤‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ‬
‫اﳉ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ ﺑِ ِﺼ َﻴﺎ ٍم ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺑ ْ ِ‬
‫ﲔ‬ ‫اﳉ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ ﺑِ ِﻘ َﻴﺎ ٍم ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺑ ْ ِ‬
‫ﲔ اﻟ ﱠﻠ َﻴ ِﺎﱄ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َﲣ ﱡُﺼﻮا َﻳ ْﻮ َم ُ‬ ‫َ ْﲣﺘ ﱡَﺼﻮا َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺔ ُ‬
‫ُﻮن ِﰲ َﺻ ْﻮ ٍم َﻳ ُﺼ ُ‬
‫ﻮﻣ ُﻪ َأ َﺣﺪُ ﻛ ُْﻢ«‪.‬‬ ‫ْاﻷَ ﱠﻳﺎمِ‪ ،‬إِ ﱠﻻ َأ ْن َﻳﻜ َ‬
‫ﻫﺬا اﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﻧﺘﻘﺪه اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وإﻧﲈ اﻧﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ ﺳﻨﺪ‬
‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬وأﻧﻪ ﻋﻦ أﰊ اﻟﺪرداء وﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‪.‬‬

‫ﳉ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َأ ْﺻ َﺒ َﺢ َﺻ ِﺎﺋ ًﲈ‬

‫ﺎب َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َﻳ ْﻮ ِم ا ُ‬ ‫وﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﳉ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ َﻓ َﻌ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻔﻄِ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ‪ :‬إِ َذا َﱂ ْ َﻳ ُﺼ ْﻢ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ُﻳ ِﺮﻳﺪُ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﺼﻮ َم َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُه(‬
‫َﻳ ْﻮ َم ا ُ‬
‫ث ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ‪َ ،‬د َﺧ َﻞ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ َﻳ ْﻮ َم‬ ‫ﺎر ِ‬
‫ﳊ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وذﻛﺮ ﲢﺘﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ُﺟ َﻮ ْﻳ ِﺮ َﻳ َﺔ ﺑِﻨْﺖ ا َ‬
‫ﻳﻦ َأ ْن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺖ َأ ْﻣ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌ ِﺔ و ِﻫﻲ ﺻ ِﺎﺋﻤ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ » :‬أﺻﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺲ؟«‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪َ :‬ﻻ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬ﺗ ُِﺮﻳﺪ َ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ُُ َ َ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻮﻣﻲ َﻏﺪً ا؟« َﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪َ :‬ﻻ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﻓﻄِ ِﺮي«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗَﺼ ِ‬
‫ُ‬
 ‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِه‬ ‫‪َ َ‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺎب َأ ْﻓ َﻀ ِﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫اﺳ ُﻤ ُﻪ َﺳ ْﻌﺪُ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴ ٍﺪ ‪َ -‬ﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ٍ‬

‫‪َ -٢٠٥‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻋ َﺒ ْﻴﺪ َﻣ ْﻮ َﱃ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْز َﻫ َﺮ ‪َ -‬و ْ‬
‫ان ﻳﻮﻣ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎن َﳖَﻰ‬ ‫ﺎب ‪َ ‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬ َ ْ َ‬ ‫اﳋ ﱠﻄ ِ‬ ‫َﺷ ِﻬﺪْ ت ا ْﻟﻌﻴﺪَ َﻣ َﻊ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ ْ َ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ َﻋ ْﻦ ِﺻ َﻴ ِﺎﻣ ِﻬ َﲈ‪َ :‬ﻳ ْﻮ ُم ﻓِ ْﻄ ِﺮﻛ ُْﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺻ َﻴ ِﺎﻣﻜ ُْﻢ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ ُم َ‬
‫اﻵﺧ ُﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫َر ُﺳ ُ‬

‫ﻴﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻧ ُُﺴﻜِﻜ ُْﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َﺗ ْﺄ ُﻛ ُﻠ َ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٩٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٣٧‬‬

‫ﺎب ‪َ ‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪ (...‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ رواﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﳋَ ﱠﻄ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﺷ ِﻬﺪْ ت ا ْﻟ ِﻌﻴﺪَ َﻣ َﻊ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﳋ ﱠﻄ ِ‬
‫ﺎب‪،‬‬ ‫خ)‪ ،(٥٥٧١‬م)‪َ :(١١٣٧‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺷ ِﻬﺪَ اﻟﻌﻴﺪَ َﻳ ْﻮ َم اﻷَ ْﺿ َﺤﻰ َﻣ َﻊ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ ا َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫َﻓ َﺼ ﱠﲆ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﳋُ ْﻄ َﺒﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺧ َﻄ َ‬
‫اﻹﻣﺎ ِم ِﰲ ُﺧ ْﻄﺒﺘِ ِﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳ َﺘﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِ َﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ ِﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺪ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪َ :‬وﻓﻴﻪ َﺗ ْﻌﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ْ ِ َ‬
‫ﻮر ﺑِ ِﻪ َو َﻣﻨ ِْﻬ ﱟﻲ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪‬‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِع ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ ْﺄ ُﻣ ٍ‬
‫ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺣﻜَﺎ ِم ﱠ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫)‪.(١٥/٨‬‬
‫ﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻐﻠِﻴﺐ؛ و َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َأ ﱠن ْ ِ‬ ‫ان( ﻓِ ِ‬‫ﺎن( َﻗﻮ ُﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻫ َﺬ ِ‬ ‫ان ﻳﻮﻣ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﴐ ُﻳ َﺸ ُﺎر‬‫اﳊ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ‬ ‫)ﻫ َﺬ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ :‬‬
‫ان(؛‬ ‫ﲨﻌﻬﲈ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔ ُﻆ َﻗ َﺎل‪) :‬ﻫ َﺬ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫اك(‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ﱠﲈ َأ ْن َ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺐ ُﻳ َﺸ ُﺎر إِ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ ﺑ) َذ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫إِ َﻟ ْﻴﻪ ﺑ) َﻫ َﺬا(‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻐﺎﺋ َ‬
‫ﺐ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﴐ َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ِﺎﺋ ِ‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻐﻠِﻴ ًﺒﺎ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺤ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬ﻋ ْﻦ ِﺻ َﻴ ِﺎﻣ ِﻬ َﲈ‪ (...‬ﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪:‬‬ ‫)ﳖَﻰ َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﲨ َﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ُء َﻋ َﲆ َ ْﲢ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َﻫ َﺬ ْﻳ ِﻦ‬‫ﺎب َ ْﲢ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َﻳ ْﻮ َﻣ ِﻲ ا ْﻟ ِﻌﻴﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ( وﻗﺎل‪َ :‬أ ْ َ‬ ‫) َﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺎل‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﻮا ٌء َﺻﺎ َﻣ ُﻬ َﲈ َﻋ ْﻦ ﻧ َْﺬ ٍر‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﺗ َﻄ ﱡﻮ ٍع‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻛ ﱠﻔ َﺎر ٍة‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺑِﻜ ﱢُﻞ َﺣ ٍ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ َﻣ ْ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(١٥/٨) ‬‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٤٢‬‬
‫ﻴﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻧ ُُﺴ ِﻜﻜ ُْﻢ( ﲨﻊ ﻧﺴﻴﻜﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨ ِﱠﺴﻴ َﻜ ُﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮن ﻓِ ِ‬
‫اﻵﺧ ُﺮ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﺄ ُﻛ ُﻠ َ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬وا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ ُم َ‬
‫اﻟﺬﺑﻴﺤﺔ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ ‪‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﱠ‬

‫ْﻞ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨ ُﱡﺴ ِﻚ‪َ ...‬و َأ َﺟ َﺎز ْاﻷَﻛ َْﻞ ﱠإﻻ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺟ َﺰ ِاء‬ ‫ﻴﻪ َدﻟ ِ ٌﻴﻞ َﻋ َﲆ َﺟ َﻮ ِاز ْاﻷَﻛ ِ‬ ‫وﻓِ ِ‬

‫ﺐ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َ ِﳏ ﱢﻠ ِﻪ ‪-‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬و َﻫﺪْ ِي اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻄ ﱡﻮ ِع إ َذا َﻋﻄ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻴ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬وﻓِﺪْ َﻳ ِﺔ ْاﻷَ َذى‪َ ،‬وﻧ َْﺬ ِر ا َﳌ َﺴﺎﻛِ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺺ ِﰲ َﺣ ﱟﺞ َأ ْو ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺮ ٍة‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم‬ ‫ﺐ ﻟِﻨَ ْﻘ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﺟﻌ َﻞ ْاﳍﺪْ ي ﻛ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻴﺪ ‪َ -‬و َﻣﺎ َو َﺟ َ‬ ‫َﺠ َﺰاء ﱠ‬
‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬

‫ﱠﺎس ُ ُ‬
‫ﳊﻮ َم‬ ‫ﱠﴩ ِﻳﻖ َﺛ َﻼ َﺛ ٌﺔ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َﻳ ْﻮ ِم اﻟﻨ ْﱠﺤ ِﺮ ُﺳ ﱢﻤ َﻴ ْﺖ ﺑِ َﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ﻟِﺘ ْ ِ‬
‫َﴩ ِﻳﻖ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ُم اﻟﺘ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺲ‪ ...‬اﻫ ‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َﴩ َﻫﺎ ِﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِ‬ ‫ْاﻷَ َﺿﺎﺣﻲ ﻓ َﻴﻬﺎ َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﺗ ْﻘﺪﻳﺪُ َﻫﺎ َوﻧ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(١٧/٨) ‬‬

‫وﳛﺮم ﺻﻴﺎم أﻳﺎم اﻟﺘﴩﻳﻖ؛ ﳌﺎ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ )‪َ (١٩٩٧‬ﻋ ْﻦ‬
‫ﱠﴩ ِﻳﻖ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺼ ْﻤ َﻦ‪ ،‬إِ ﱠﻻ َﳌ ِ ْﻦ َﱂ َ ِ‬
‫ﳚ ِﺪ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﻋﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ‪َ ،‬وا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ‪َ ‬ﻗﺎﻻ‪َ :‬ﱂ ْ ُﻳ َﺮ ﱠﺧ ْ‬
‫ﺺ ِﰲ َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ِم اﻟﺘ ْ ِ‬
‫اﳍَﺪْ َي‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ َﻋ ْﻦ‬ ‫اﳋُﺪْ ِر ﱢي ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﳖَﻰ َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﺪ ْ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٦‬و َﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺳ ِﻌ ٍ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ ُﻞ ِﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻮ ِم ﻳﻮﻣ ِ ِ‬
‫ﳛﺘَﺒِ َﻲ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ﱠﲈء‪َ ،‬و َأ ْن َ ْ‬ ‫ﲔ‪ :‬ا ْﻟﻔ ْﻄ ِﺮ َواﻟﻨ ْﱠﺤ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ِﻦ اﺷﺘﲈل ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ َْ َْ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺒﺢِ َوا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺛﻮ ٍ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﴫ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﱡ‬ ‫ب َواﺣﺪ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ِﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ َم َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي ﱠ‬ ‫َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ﺑِﺘ ََﲈ ِﻣ ِﻪ‪َ .‬و َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َج ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
 ‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻴﺎ ِم َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ِه‬ ‫‪َ َ‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺎب َأ ْﻓ َﻀ ِﻞ ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﺮب‪َ :‬أن ﳜﻠﻞ ﺟﺴﺪه ﻛﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮب‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﲈء ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫اﺷﺘﲈل ﱠ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻧ ًﺒﺎ ﻓﻴﺨﺮج ﻳﺪه ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫وﺗﻔﺴﲑه ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‪ :‬اﻻﺿﻄﺒﺎع‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ أن ﻳﺪﺧﻞ وﺳﻂ رداﺋﻪ ﲢﺖ ﻳﺪه‬
‫اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﻠﻘﻲ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻷﻳﴪ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ َم َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ( ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬أ ْﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ﺑِﺘ ََﲈ ِﻣ ِﻪ‪َ .‬و َأ ْﺧ َﺮ َج ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻫﺬا ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ أﺧﺮج اﻟﺒﺨﺎري اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺘﲈﻣﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺎب ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪) :‬ﺑﺎب ﺻﻮم ﻳﻮم اﻟﻔﻄﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎل ﻋﻘﺒﻪ‪) :‬ﺑﺎب ﺻﻮم ﻳﻮم‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻌﺪة‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺤﺮ( وذﻛﺮه ً‬
‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(١٩٩٢ ،١٩٩١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ ذﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫)‪ (٨٢٧‬وﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺼﻴﺎم َﺑﺎب اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻬ ِﻲ َﻋ ْﻦ َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َﻳ ْﻮ ِم ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ ِﺮ َو َﻳ ْﻮ ِم‬
‫ْاﻷَ ْﺿ َﺤﻰ رواﻳﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪.١٤٠ -‬‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َﻳ ْﻮ َﻣ ْ ِ‬
‫ﲔ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻄ ِﺮ َواﻟﻨ ْﱠﺤ ِﺮ( ﺗﻘﺪم ﴍﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﳖَﻰ َر ُﺳ ُ‬
‫ﰲ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬وﺗﻔﺴﲑه ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‪ :‬اﻻﺿﻄﺒﺎع‪ (...‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ دﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪َ :‬و َﻫ َﺬا‬
‫)اﻟﺼ ﱠﲈ ِء(‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔﺴ ُﲑ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﺸﻌ ُﺮ ﺑِﻪ َﻟ ْﻔ ُﻆ ﱠ‬
‫اﻹﻧ َْﺴ ُ‬
‫ﺎن‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘِ َﺒﺎء‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َأ ْن َﻳ ﱡﻀ ّﻢ ْ ِ‬
‫ب َواﺣﺪ( ْ‬
‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ ُﻞ ِﰲ َﺛ ْﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﳛﺘَﺒِ َﻲ ﱠ‬
‫)و َأ ْن َ ْ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ :‬‬
‫اﻻﺣﺘِ َﺒﺎء‬
‫ُﻮن ْ‬ ‫ﳚ َﻤ َﻌ ُﻬﲈ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﻣ َﻊ َﻇ ْﻬﺮه‪ ،‬و َﻳ ُﺸﺪﱡ ه َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ‪َ .‬و َﻗﺪْ َﻳﻜ ُ‬
‫رﺟ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ إِ َﱃ َﺑ ْﻄﻨﻪ ﺑ َﺜ ْﻮب َ ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪَ ﻳﻦ ﻋﻮض اﻟ ﱠﺜﻮب‪ .‬وإﻧﱠﲈ ﳖﻰ َﻋﻨْﻪ ِﻷَ ﱠﻧﻪ إِ َذا َﱂ ﻳ ُﻜﻦ َﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻪ إﻻﱠ َﺛﻮب ِ‬
‫واﺣﺪ ُر ﱠﺑﲈ‬ ‫ْ ٌ‬ ‫َْ ْ ْ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻮب َﻓ َﺘ ْﺒﺪُ و َﻋ ْﻮ َرﺗُﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫َﲢ ّﺮك َأ ْو َز َال اﻟ ﱠﺜ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺒ ِﺢ َوا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﴫ( ﺗﻘﺪم اﻟﻜﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬و َﻋ ِﻦ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼة َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﱡ‬
‫اﳌﻮاﻗﻴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ‪َ » :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﺻﺎ َم‬ ‫اﳋُﺪْ ِر ﱢي ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫‪َ -٢٠٧‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺳ ِﻌ ٍ‬
‫ﻴﺪ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﲔ َﺧ ِﺮﻳ ًﻔﺎ«‪.‬‬‫ﱠﺎر َﺳ ْﺒ ِﻌ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻞ اﷲِ َﺑ ﱠﻌﺪَ ا ُ‬
‫ﷲ َو ْﺟ َﻬ ُﻪ َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ ِﰲ َﺳﺒِ ِ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٨٤٠‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٥٣‬‬

‫ﺎد‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ َذا ُﲪِ َﻞ‬ ‫اﳉﻬ ِ‬

‫اﺳﺘ ْﻌ َﲈ ُﻟ ُﻪ ِﰲ ِْ َ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪ِ :‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫ف ْاﻷَ ْﻛ َﺜﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻞ اﷲِ( ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪)ِ :‬ﰲ َﺳﺒِ ِ‬
‫اﳉﻬ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻪ‪ :‬ﻛَﺎﻧ ِ‬
‫َﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ِﻀﻴ َﻠ ُﺔ ِﻻ ْﺟﺘِ َﲈ ِع ا ْﻟ ِﻌ َﺒﺎ َدﺗ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎد ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ِم َو ِْ َ‬ ‫َﲔ ‪َ -‬أ ْﻋﻨﻲ ﻋ َﺒﺎ َد َة ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﱪ ﺑِ َﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻋ ْﻦ ِﺻ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺼ ِﺪ‬ ‫َﺖ‪َ .‬و ُﻳ َﻌ ﱠ ُ‬‫ﻒ ﻛَﺎﻧ ْ‬ ‫ﻴﻞ اﷲِ‪َ :‬ﻃﺎ َﻋ ُﺘ ُﻪ َﻛ ْﻴ َ‬ ‫ﳛﺘ ََﻤ ُﻞ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺮا َد ﺑِ َﺴﺒِ ِ‬ ‫َو ُ ْ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﱢﻴ ِﺔ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬
‫ﲔ َﺧ ِﺮﻳ ًﻔﺎ(‬ ‫)ﺳ ْﺒ ِﻌ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻨَﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ َ‬
‫ﻳﻒ ﻳﻌ ِ‬
‫ﱪ ﺑِﻪ َﻋ ِﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳋَ ِﺮ ُ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ﲔ َﺧ ِﺮﻳ ًﻔﺎ( ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﺳ ْﺒ ِﻌ َ‬
‫ﻮن َﺳﻨَ ًﺔ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫َﺳ ْﺒ ُﻌ َ‬

‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ اﳊﺚ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺼﻮم اﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ ﰲ اﳉﻬﺎد وﻏﲑه‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﴩط ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﴬر ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗﻔﻮﻳﺖ ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬وﻋﺪم اﺧﺘﻼل أﻣﺮ ﻗﺘﺎﻟﻪ وﻏﲑه ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻬﲈت ﻏﺰوه‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬
‫)‪(‬‬
 ‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫‪َ َ‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺎب ﻟﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺪر‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫ب ‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‬
‫‪ُ َ‬‬
‫اد ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُأ ِﺿﻴ َﻔ ْﺖ إِ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ َﻠ ُﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِﻘ َﻴﻞ‪ :‬اﳌُ َﺮا ُد ﺑِ ِﻪ‬‫ﻒ ِﰲ اﳌُﺮ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﺧﺘُﻠِ َ‬
‫َو ْ‬
‫ات‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﻘ ْﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪]﴾%$#"!﴿ :‬اﻷﻧﻌﺎم‪َ ،[٩١ :‬واﳌَ ْﻌﻨَﻰ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﳖَﺎ َذ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻈ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺗﻨ ﱡَﺰ ِل‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ ﲨﻠﺔ واﺣﺪة إﱃ اﻟﺴﲈء اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﳌﺎ َﻳ َﻘ ُﻊ ﻓ َ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َﻗﺪْ ٍر؛ ﻟِﻨ ُُﺰ ِ‬
‫ول ا ْﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮآن ﻓ َ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ َﻳ ِﺼ ُﲑ َذا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﳌَ َﻼ ِﺋﻜ َِﺔ‪َ ،‬أو َﳌ ِﺎ ﻳﻨ ِْﺰ ُل ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ ا ْﻟﱪﻛ َِﺔ واﻟﺮ ْ َ ِ‬
‫ﳛ ِﻴ َ‬
‫ﲪﺔ َواﳌَ ْﻐﻔ َﺮة‪َ ،‬أ ْو َأ ﱠن ا ﱠﻟﺬي ُ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ََ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫َﻗﺪْ ٍر‪َ .‬و ِﻗ َﻴﻞ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ُر ُﻫﻨَﺎ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﻀ ِﻴ ُﻴﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﻘ ْﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪]﴾ONML﴿ :‬اﻟﻄﻼق‪،[٧:‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎؤ َﻫﺎ َﻋ ِﻦ ا ْﻟﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻌ ِﻴﻴﻨ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﻷَ ﱠن ْاﻷَ ْر َض ﺗَﻀ ُﻴﻖ ﻓ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺎ إِ ْﺧ َﻔ ُ‬‫َو َﻣ ْﻌﻨَﻰ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﻀ ِﻴ ِﻴﻖ ﻓ َ‬
‫اﺧﻲ‬ ‫ال ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻫﻮ ﻣ َﺆ ِ‬ ‫َﻋ ِﻦ اﳌَ َﻼ ِﺋﻜ َِﺔ‪َ .‬و ِﻗ َﻴﻞ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ر ُﻫﻨَﺎ ﺑِﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪَ ِر ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ اﻟﺪﱠ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻨ َِﺔ؛ ﻟ ِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪2 1 0﴿ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ َأ ْﺣﻜَﺎ ُم ﺗ ْﻠ َﻚ ﱠ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﻀﺎء‪َ ،‬واﳌَ ْﻌﻨَﻰ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻳ َﻘﺪﱠ ُر ﻓ َ‬
‫‪]﴾43‬اﻟﺪﺧﺎن‪ .[٤ :‬اﻫ‬
‫اﺧﺘِ َﻼ ًﻓﺎ ﻛَﺜِﲑا‪ ،‬و َ َﲢﺼ َﻞ َﻟﻨَﺎ ِﻣﻦ ﻣ َﺬ ِ‬
‫اﻫﺒِ ِﻬ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﻒ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ُء ِﰲ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر ْ‬ ‫َو َﻗ ِﺪ ْ‬
‫اﺧ َﺘ َﻠ َ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ً َ ﱠ‬
‫ﲔ َﻗ ْﻮ ًﻻ‪ ...‬ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ُل ْاﻷَ ﱠو ُل‪َ :‬أ ﱠﳖَﺎ ُرﻓِ َﻌ ْﺖ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗﻮل اﻟﺮواﻓﺾ‬ ‫ِﰲ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َأ ْﻛ َﺜ ُﺮ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌ َ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻻ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ‪ .‬اﻫ إﱃ أن ذﻛﺮ ﺳﺘﺔ وأرﺑﻌﲔ ً‬

‫ﺎب اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ‬ ‫‪َ -٢٠٨‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪاﷲِ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن ِر َﺟ ًﺎﻻ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤ ِ‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ‪َ » :‬أ َرى‬ ‫ُأروا َﻟﻴ َﻠ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر ِﰲ ا َﳌﻨَﺎ ِم ِﰲ اﻟﺴﺒ ِﻊ اﻷَو ِ‬
‫اﺧ ِﺮ‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻣﺘ ََﺤ ﱢﺮ َ َﳞﺎ َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴﺘ ََﺤ ﱠﺮ َﻫﺎ ِﰲ‬
‫اﺧ ِﺮ‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻤ ْﻦ ﻛ َ‬‫رؤْ ﻳﺎﻛُﻢ َﻗﺪْ ﺗَﻮا َﻃ َﺄ ْت ِﰲ اﻟﺴﺒ ِﻊ اﻷَو ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ ْ‬
‫اﺧ ِﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒ ِﻊ اﻷَو ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٤٦‬‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٠١٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٦٥‬‬

‫ﻮل‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪ِ :‬ﻗ َﻴﻞ َﳍ ُ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ُ ) :‬أروا َﻟﻴ َﻠ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر( ُأروا ﺑِﻀﻢ َأوﻟ ِ ِﻪ ﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻟﺒِﻨ ِ‬
‫َﺎء ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﺠ ُﻬ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ ﱢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬
‫ِﰲ اﳌَﻨَﺎ ِم‪ :‬إِﳖﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﺴﺒ ِﻊ ْاﻷَو ِ‬
‫اﺧ ِﺮ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬أ َرى( ﺑِ َﻔﺘ َْﺤﺘ ْ ِ‬
‫َﲔ‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪َ :‬أ ْﻋ َﻠ ُﻢ‪ .‬اﻫ‬

‫ﺎﳍ َ ْﻤ َﺰ ِة َأ ْي ﺗ ََﻮا َﻓ َﻘ ْﺖ َو ْزﻧًﺎ َو َﻣ ْﻌﻨًﻰ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬

‫ت( ﺑ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﺗ ََﻮا َﻃ َﺄ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺚ َدﻟ ِ ٌﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﳊ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﺒ ِﻊ اﻷَ َواﺧ ِﺮ( َو ِﰲ ْ َ‬ ‫َﺎن ُﻣﺘ ََﺤ ﱢﺮ َ َﳞﺎ َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴﺘ ََﺤ ﱠﺮ َﻫﺎ ِﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻓ َﻤ ْﻦ ﻛ َ‬
‫ﻮر‪َ .‬و َﻗ َﺎل َﺑ ْﻌ ُﺾ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء‪:‬‬ ‫اﳉُ ْﻤ ُﻬ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ْ‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠن َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر ِﰲ َﺷ ْﻬ ِﺮ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫ﺎن‪َ .‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣ ْﺬ َﻫ ُ‬
‫اﳊ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﳖﺎ ِﰲ َﲨِﻴ ِﻊ اﻟﺴﻨ َِﺔ‪ ...‬و ِﰲ ا ْ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎدي‬ ‫ﳊﺪﻳﺚ َدﻟ ٌﻴﻞ ﳌَ ْﻦ َر ﱠﺟ َﺢ ِﰲ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر َﻏ ْ َﲑ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬
‫ﴩﻳ َﻦ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺚ َوا ْﻟ ِﻌ ْ ِ‬‫ﴩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوا ْﻟﻌ ْ ِ َ َ‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ َ » :‬ﲢ ﱠﺮ ْوا َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر ِﰲ‬

‫‪ -٢٠٩‬و َﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫ﴩ اﻷَو ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﺧ ِﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ِﻮﺗ ِْﺮ ﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ َ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٠١٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٦٩‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ َ ) :‬ﲢﺮوا َﻟﻴ َﻠ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر( َأ ِي‪ :‬اﺣ ِﺮﺻﻮا َﻋ َﲆ َﻃ َﻠﺒِﻬﺎ واﺟﺘ َِﻬﺪُ وا ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ ْ‬
‫‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﴩ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺗ ِْﺮ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺎب َ َﲢ ﱢﺮي َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر ِﰲ ِ‬

‫وﻗﺪ ﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺎن ﻛ َْﻮ ِن َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر‬
‫ﲨ ِﺔ إِ َﺷﺎر ٌة إِ َﱃ رﺟﺤ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷَ َواﺧ ِﺮ( ﻗﺎل اﳊﺎﻓﻆ ‪ِ :‬ﰲ َﻫﺬه ﱠ ْ‬
‫اﻟﱰ َ َ‬
 ‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫ﺎب ﻟﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺪر‬ ‫‪َ َ‬ﺑ ُ‬‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫ﴩ ْاﻷَ ِﺧ ِﲑ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ِﰲ َأ ْوﺗَﺎ ِر ِه َﻻ ِﰲ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ٍﺔ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﴫ ًة ِﰲ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬

‫ﺎن‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﻣﻨ َْﺤ َ‬
‫ﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِار َد ِة ﻓِ َﻴﻬﺎ‪َ .‬و َﻗﺪْ َو َر َد ﻟ ِ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻠ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻮع ْاﻷَ ْﺧ َﺒ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺑِ َﻌ ْﻴﻨ َﻬﺎ‪َ .‬و َﻫ َﺬا ُﻫ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟﺬي َﻳﺪُ ﱡل َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ َﳎ ْ ُﻤ ُ‬
‫ﻴﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ َﻋ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﴤ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪ِ :‬ﰲ َﺻ ِﺤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎت َأ ْﻛ َﺜ ُﺮ َﻫﺎ َﻻ َﺗ ْﻈ َﻬ ُﺮ إ ﱠﻻ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َأ ْن َﲤ ْ َ‬‫ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ َﺗ ْﻄ ُﻠﻊ ِﰲ ﺻﺒِ ِ‬ ‫ﰊ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻛ ْﻌ ٍ‬
‫ﺎع َﳍَﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘ َﻬﺎ َﻻ ُﺷ َﻌ َ‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺐ‪َ :‬أ ﱠن ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ُأ َ ﱢ‬

‫ﻒ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ ﻛ َ‬

‫َﺎن َﻳ ْﻌﺘَﻜِ ُ‬ ‫اﳋُﺪْ ِر ﱢي ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫‪َ -٢١٠‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺳ ِﻌ ٍ‬
‫ﻴﺪ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﺖ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ُﺔ‬ ‫َﻒ َﻋﺎ ًﻣﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ إ َذا ﻛَﺎﻧ ْ‬ ‫ﺎﻋ َﺘﻜ َ‬‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْ‬ ‫ﻂ ِﻣ ْﻦ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬ ‫ﴩ اﻷَوﺳ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬

‫اﻋﺘِﻜَﺎﻓِ ِﻪ ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘِ َﻬﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﻳﻦ ‪َ -‬وﻫ َﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ َﻠ ُﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ َﳜ ُْﺮ ُج ﻣ ْﻦ َﺻﺒِ َ‬ ‫ﴩ َ‬ ‫إﺣﺪَ ى َو ِﻋ ْ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻳﺖ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه‬ ‫اﺧ َﺮ؛ َﻓ َﻘﺪْ ُأ ِر ُ‬‫ﻒ ا ْﻟﻌ ْﴩ اﻷَو ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫َﻒ ﻣ ِﻌﻲ َﻓ ْﻠﻴﻌﺘَﻜِ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫اﻋ َﺘﻜ َ َ‬ ‫َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣ ِﻦ ْ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺘِ َﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣ ْﻦ َﺻﺒِ َ‬
‫ﺎء وﻃِ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ُأﻧْﺴﻴﺘ َُﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺪْ َر َأ ْﻳﺘُﻨﻲ َأ ْﺳ ُﺠﺪُ ِﰲ َﻣ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﲈ ُء‬ ‫ﻮﻫﺎ ِﰲ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ ِوﺗ ٍْﺮ«‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻤ َﻄ َﺮت ﱠ‬ ‫ﴩ اﻷَ َواﺧ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟﺘَﻤ ُﺴ َ‬ ‫ﻮﻫﺎ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﻓﺎ ْﻟﺘَﻤ ُﺴ َ‬
‫ﴫ ْت‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻒ ا َﳌ ْﺴﺠﺪُ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﺑ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺶ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻮﻛ َ‬ ‫َﺎن ا َﳌ ْﺴ ِﺠﺪُ َﻋ َﲆ َﻋ ِﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ َﻠ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻛ َ‬
‫ﺎء واﻟ ﱢﻄ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫َﻋﻴﻨَﺎي رﺳ َ ِ‬
‫إﺣﺪَ ى‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣ ْﻦ ُﺻ ْﺒﺢِ ْ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ َو َﻋ َﲆ َﺟ ْﺒ َﻬﺘﻪ َأ َﺛ ُﺮ ا َﳌ َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﴩ َ‬‫َو ِﻋ ْ ِ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٠٢٧‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٦٧‬‬

‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِ َﻘ ُﺔ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إﺣﺪَ ى َو ِﻋ ْ ِ‬
‫ﴩﻳ َﻦ( َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ ِم‪ :‬ﻫ َﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫َﺖ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ُﺔ ْ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ إ َذا ﻛَﺎﻧ ْ‬
‫ﻮر‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬
‫ﻛ ََﲈ ُﻫ َﻮ اﳌَ ْﺸ ُﻬ ُ‬
‫ﻒ ا ْﻟﻌ ْﴩ اﻷَو ِ‬
‫َﻒ ﻣ ِﻌﻲ َﻓ ْﻠﻴﻌﺘَﻜِ ِ‬
‫اﺧ َﺮ( ﰲ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ دﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻣ ِﻦ ا ْﻋ َﺘﻜ َ َ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎب اﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎف ﰲ رﻣﻀﺎن‪ ،‬وأن اﻟﻌﴩ اﻷوﺳﻂ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﻜﺎف ﻓﻴﻪ أﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻷول وﰲ اﻵﺧﺮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷوﺳﻂ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬

‫ْﴘ ِﻋ ْﻠ َﻢ َﺗ ْﻌ ِﻴﻴﻨ ِ َﻬﺎ ِﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻓ َﻘﺪْ ُأ ِر ُ ِ ِ‬

‫ﻳﺖ َﻫﺬه اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ُأﻧْﺴﻴﺘ َُﻬﺎ( َواﳌُ َﺮا ُد َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُأﻧ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻨ َِﺔ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗ ْﻠ َﻚ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺖ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪َ ،(٢٠٢٣‬ﻋﻦ ُﻋﺒﺎد َة ﺑ ِﻦ اﻟﺼ ِﺎﻣ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ َ َ ْ‬
‫ﲔ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﱪﻧَﺎ ﺑِ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻠ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر َﻓﺘ ََﻼ َﺣﻰ َر ُﺟ َﻼ ِن ِﻣ َﻦ اﳌُ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺧ َﺮ َج اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ‪ ‬ﻟ ُﻴ ْﺨ ِ َ‬
‫ﺖ َو َﻋ َﺴﻰ َأ ْن َﻳﻜ َ‬
‫ُﻮن‬ ‫ﱪﻛ ُْﻢ ﺑِ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻠ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر‪َ ،‬ﻓﺘ ََﻼ َﺣﻰ ُﻓ َﻼ ٌن َو ُﻓ َﻼ ٌن‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﺮﻓِ َﻌ ْ‬ ‫» َﺧ َﺮ ْﺟ ُ ِ ُ‬
‫ﺖ ﻷ ْﺧ ِ َ‬
‫ﺎﻣ َﺴ ِﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﳋ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِ َﻌ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮﻫﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﺘﱠﺎﺳ َﻌﺔ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﺧ ْ ًﲑا َﻟﻜ ُْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻟﺘَﻤ ُﺴ َ‬
‫اﳋَ ْ ِﲑ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺟ َﻬ ِﺔ َأ ﱠن‬ ‫ُﻮن َﺧ ْ ًﲑا َﻟﻜ ُْﻢ( َﻓﺈِ ﱠن َو ْﺟ َﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﰲ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪َ ) :‬و َﻋ َﺴﻰ َأ ْن َﻳﻜ َ‬
‫ﴩ ﺑِ ِﺨ َﻼ ِف َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ ِﻘ َﻴ ْﺖ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓ ُﺔ َﺗ ْﻌ ِﻴﻴﻨِ َﻬﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫َﺧ َﻔﺎ َء َﻫﺎ َﻳ ْﺴﺘَﺪْ ِﻋﻲ ِﻗ َﻴﺎ َم ﻛ ﱢُﻞ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ َأ ِو ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫وﺟﺎء ﰲ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪َ :(١١٦٦‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳ َ‬

‫ﻮﻫﺎ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﴩ‬ ‫ﻳﺖ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َأ ْﻳ َﻘ َﻈﻨﻲ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﺾ َأ ْﻫﲇ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻨ ﱢُﺴﻴﺘ َُﻬﺎ َﻓﺎ ْﻟﺘَﻤ ُﺴ َ‬
‫» ُأ ِر ُ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻐ ََﻮاﺑِ ِﺮ«‪.‬‬

‫َﻒ اﳌَ ْﺴ ِﺠﺪُ ( َأ ْي‪َ :‬ﻗ َﻄ َﺮ‪ .‬ﳐﺘﺎر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻓ َﻮﻛ َ‬
 ‫‪٤٩‬‬ ‫‪َ َ‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺎب ﻟﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺪر‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫ﺎن(‬‫اﺧ ِﺮ ِﻣ ْﻦ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬‫ﴩ اﻷَو ِ‬

‫ﺎب اﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ ِﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ َ‬‫ﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪َ ) :‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﴩ َﺷﺪﱠ ِﻣ ْﺌ َﺰ َر ُه‪،‬‬ ‫وذﻛﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ‪َ ‬ﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪ :‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ‪ ‬إ َذا َد َﺧ َﻞ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َو َأ ْﺣ َﻴﺎ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﻳ َﻘ َﻆ َأ ْﻫ َﻠ ُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫وﺟﺎء ﰲ ‪‬ﺳﻨﻦ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‪َ (٣٥١٣) ‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ‪َ ‬ﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪ُ :‬ﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻮﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ‪َ ،‬أ َر َأ ْﻳ َﺖ إِ ْن َﻋ ِﻠ ْﻤ ُﺖ َأ ﱡي َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ٍﺔ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر َﻣﺎ َأ ُﻗ ُ‬
‫ﻮل ﻓِ َﻴﻬﺎ؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪ُ » :‬ﻗ ِ‬ ‫َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻠ ُﻬ ﱠﻢ إِﻧ َ‬
‫ﻒ َﻋﻨﱢﻲ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠﻚ ُﻋ ُﻔ ﱞﻮ ُﲢ ﱡ‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻔ َﻮ َﻓﺎ ْﻋ ُ‬

‫)‪(‬‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬

‫‪‬بُ ا‪‬فِ‬
‫اﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎف ﰲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﺰوم اﻟﴚء وﺣﺒﺲ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻌﺪة ﴍح‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﺪة‪ ‬ﻟﺒﻬﺎء اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﳌﻘﺪﳼ‪.‬‬

‫وﴍ ًﻋﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﺰوم اﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺬرا ﻓﻴﻠﺰم اﻟﻮﻓﺎء ﺑﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ ‬ﻻﺑﻦ‬

‫ﺣﻜﻤﻪ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ إﻻ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ً‬
‫ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﴩ‬ ‫ﻒ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ ﻛ َ‬

‫َﺎن َﻳ ْﻌﺘَﻜِ ُ‬ ‫‪َ -٢١١‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳ َ‬

‫اﺟ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫َﻒ َأ ْز َو ُ‬

‫اﻋ َﺘﻜ َ‬ ‫اﺧ ِﺮ ِﻣ ْﻦ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ ﺗ ََﻮ ﱠﻓﺎ ُه اﷲُ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪ُ .‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ْ‬ ‫اﻷَو ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫َﺑ ْﻌ ِﺪ ِه‪.‬‬
‫ﺎن‪َ .‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ْﻟ َﻐﺪَ ا َة‬ ‫ﻒ ِﰲ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬ﻳ ْﻌﺘَﻜِ ُ‬ ‫َﺎن َر ُﺳ ُ‬
‫ﻆ‪ :‬ﻛ َ‬ ‫و ِﰲ َﻟ ْﻔ ٍ‬
‫َ‬
‫َﻒ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺟﺎ َء َﻣﻜَﺎ َﻧ ُﻪ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ْ‬
‫اﻋ َﺘﻜ َ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٠٢٦‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٧٢‬‬

‫ﻒ ِﰲ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫ﺎن‪.(...‬‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺘ ِ‬
‫َﻜ ُ‬ ‫َﺎن َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬و ِﰲ َﻟ ْﻔ ٍ‬
‫ﻆ‪ :‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ (٢٠٤١‬واﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١١٧٣‬‬
 ‫ِ‬
‫‪٥١‬‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎف‬ ‫‪ُ َ‬‬
‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫اﺟ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺑ ْﻌ ِﺪ ِه(‬
‫َﻒ َأ ْز َو ُ‬ ‫ﻒ‪ُ ...‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ا ْﻋ َﺘﻜ َ‬ ‫َﺎن َﻳ ْﻌﺘَﻜِ ُ‬‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪ ‬ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪َ ) :‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫ﴩ‬ ‫ﻮﺻ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎن ﺑِ ُﺨﺼ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺤ َﺒﺎ ُﺑ ُﻪ ِﰲ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎب ُﻣ ْﻄ َﻠ ِﻖ اﻻ ْﻋﺘﻜَﺎف‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫ﻴﻪ ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ْﺤ َﺒ ُ‬ ‫ﻓ ْ‬
‫ِ ِ‬

‫ﺎب ﺑِ َﲈ َأ ْﺷ َﻌ َﺮ ﺑِ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔ ُﻆ ِﻣ َﻦ‬ ‫اﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺤ َﺒ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻪ َﺗ ْﺄﻛِﻴﺪُ ﻫ َﺬا ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻮﺻﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْاﻷَ َواﺧ ِﺮ ﺑِ ُﺨ ُﺼ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺎن(‪َ ،‬وﺑِ َﲈ َد ﱠل‬ ‫اﻟﺮ َوا َﻳ ِﺔ ْاﻷُ ْﺧ َﺮى‪ِ ،‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻗ ْﻮ ِﳍﺎ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﴏ َح ﺑِﻪ ِﰲ ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬
‫)ﰲ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﳌُﺪَ َاو َﻣﺔ‪َ ،‬وﺑِ َﲈ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ ِﻞ َواﳌَ ْﺮ َأ ِة ِﰲ َﻫ َﺬا‬ ‫ﻴﻪ دﻟ ِ ٌﻴﻞ ﻋ َﲆ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣﻦ َﻋﻤ ِﻞ َأ ْزو ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ َﻮاء ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫اﺟﻪ ﻣ ْﻦ َﺑ ْﻌﺪه‪َ ،‬وﻓ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ْ َ‬
‫ُْ‬
‫اﳊ ْﻜ ِﻢ‪ .‬اﻫ‬

‫ﻮر َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ إ َذا‬ ‫ﻴﻪ( ْ‬ ‫َﻒ ﻓِ ِ‬‫ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪َ ) :‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َﺻ ﱠﲆ ا ْﻟ َﻐﺪَ ا َة َﺟﺎ َء َﻣﻜَﺎ َﻧ ُﻪ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ا ْﻋ َﺘﻜ َ‬
‫اﳉُ ْﻤ ُﻬ ُ‬
‫ﻮل ِﰲ َأ ﱠو ِل َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ٍﺔ‬‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬واﻟﺪﱡ ُﺧ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِ‬
‫وب ﱠ‬ ‫ﴩ‪َ :‬د َﺧ َﻞ ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺘ َﻜ َﻔ ُﻪ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ُﻏ ُﺮ ِ‬ ‫َأ َرا َد ا ْﻋﺘِﻜ َ‬
‫َﺎف ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎر‪َ ،‬و َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ُه َأ ْﻗ َﻮى ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ ِﰲ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه‬‫ﻮل ِﰲ َأ ﱠو ِل اﻟﻨ َﱠﻬ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺚ َﻗﺪْ َﻳ ْﻘﺘ َِﴤ اﻟﺪﱡ ُﺧ َ‬ ‫اﳊ ِﺪ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﻨْ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا ْ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮدا‪ ،‬و َأ ﱠن د ُﺧﻮ َﻟﻪ ِﰲ ﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟﻮ ْﻗ ِ‬ ‫اﻻ ْﻋﺘِﻜ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﱠ َﻻ َﻟ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻟ ِﻜﻨﱠﻪ ُأو َل َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠن ِ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َﺎف ﻛ َ َ ْ ُ ً َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ ﱢ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﺑﺘِﺪَ ا َء‬‫اﻟﺼ َﻼ ِة‪َ ،‬ﻻ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎس َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ اﻻ ْﺟﺘ َﲈ ِع ِﲠِ ْﻢ ِﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫اد َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫ُﳌ ِﻌ َﺘﻜ َِﻔ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟ ِﻼﻧ ِْﻔﺮ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﻒ َﻫ ُﻬﻨَﺎ‪ :‬اﳌَ ْﻮ ِﺿ ُﻊ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﺧ ﱠﺼ ُﻪ ِ َﲠ َﺬا‪َ ،‬أ ْو‬ ‫ُﻮن اﳌُﺮاد ﺑِﺎﳌُﻌ َﺘﻜ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﳌُ ْﻌ َﺘﻜَﻒ‪َ ،‬و َﻳﻜ ُ َ ُ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ُد ُﺧ ِ‬
‫َأ َﻋﺪﱠ ُه َﻟ ُﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬

‫َﺖ ﺗ َُﺮ ﱢﺟ ُﻞ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ﷺ َو ِﻫ َﻲ َﺣ ِﺎﺋ ٌﺾ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫‪َ -٢١٢‬ﻋ ْﻦ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠﳖَﺎ ﻛَﺎﻧ ْ‬
‫ﻒ ِﰲ ا َﳌ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬و ِﻫ َﻲ ِﰲ ُﺣ ْﺠ َﺮ ِ َﲥﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﻳﻨ ِ‬
‫َﺎو ُﳍَﺎ َر ْأ َﺳ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻜِ ٌ‬
‫اﻹﻧْﺴ ِ‬ ‫َﺎن ﻻ ﻳﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ َﺖ إﻻﱠ ِﳊ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺟﺔ ِ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َو ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳﺔ‪َ :‬وﻛ َ َ‬
‫ﺎﺟ ِﺔ َوا َﳌ ِﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺾ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َو ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ٍﺔ‪َ :‬أ ﱠن َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪ْ :‬‬
‫إن ُﻛﻨ ُْﺖ ﻷَ ْد ُﺧ ُﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﺖ ﻟ ْﻠ َﺤ َ‬
‫ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﲈ َأ ْﺳ َﺄ ُل َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ إﻻﱠ َو َأﻧَﺎ َﻣ ﱠﺎرةٌ‪.‬‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٥٢‬‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ (٢٠٤٦‬وﻫﺬا ﻟﻔﻈﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٩٧‬‬

‫اﻹﻧْﺴ ِ‬ ‫َﺎن ﻻ ﻳﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ َﺖ إﻻﱠ ِﳊ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﺎن(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺟﺔ ِ َ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬و ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳﺔ‪َ :‬وﻛ َ َ‬
‫رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٠٢٩‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (٢٩٧‬واﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎﺟ ِﺔ‪.(...‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬و ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ٍﺔ‪َ :‬أ ﱠن َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪ْ :‬‬
‫إن ُﻛﻨ ُْﺖ ﻷَ ْد ُﺧ ُﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﺖ ﻟ ْﻠ َﺤ َ‬
‫رواه ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٩٧‬‬

‫ﻴﻪ َدﻟ ِ ٌﻴﻞ َﻋ َﲆ َﻃ َﻬ َﺎر ِة‬

‫َﺖ ﺗُﺮﺟ ُﻞ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِﻲ ‪ ‬و ِﻫﻲ ﺣ ِﺎﺋ ٌﺾ‪ (...‬ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪َ ) :‬أ ﱠﳖَﺎ ﻛَﺎﻧ ْ َ ﱢ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻣ َﻦ ا َﳌ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﺒﻄِ ُﻞ‬ ‫س اﳌُﻌﺘَﻜِ ِ‬
‫وج َر ْأ ِ ْ‬
‫اﳊ ِﺎﺋ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺾ‪َ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ َدﻟ ٌﻴﻞ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ﱠن ُﺧ ُﺮ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﺑﺪَ ن ْ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي‬ ‫ﺾ ا ْﻟﺒﺪَ ِن ِﻣﻦ اﳌَﻜ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫وج َﺑ ْﻌ ِ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻋﺘﻜَﺎ َﻓ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َأ َﺧ َﺬ ﻣﻨْ ُﻪ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﺾ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬﺎء‪َ :‬أ ﱠن ُﺧ ُﺮ َ‬
‫ﺐ ِﺣﻨْ َﺜ ُﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ‬‫ﻮﺟ ُ‬‫ﺎن َﻋ َﲆ َأ ْن َﻻ َﳜْﺮ َج ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ َﻻ ُﻳ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻧ َْﺴ ُ‬‫ﻒ ِْ‬ ‫َﺣ َﻠ َ‬
‫ﺎن( ِﻛﻨَﺎ َﻳ ٌﺔ َﻋ ﱠﲈ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻄ ﱡﺮ إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ‬
‫اﻹﻧْﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺟﺔ ِ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﻻ ﻳﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ َﺖ إﻻﱠ ِﳊ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫)وﻛ َ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪َ :‬‬
‫ث‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪَ ِ‬
‫َْ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﲈ َأ ْﺳ َﺄ ُل َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ إﻻﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺾ ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺟ ِﺔ َواﳌَ ِﺮ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)إن ُﻛﻨ ُْﺖ ﻷَ ْد ُﺧ ُﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﺖ ﻟ ْﻠ َﺤ َ‬
‫ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪ْ :‬‬
‫َو َأﻧَﺎ َﻣ ﱠﺎرةٌ( ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ‪ :‬وﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻜﻒ اﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﺑﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﺮب‬
‫واﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮل وﻓﻌﻞ وﻻ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ اﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎف ﺑﴚء ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬وﻻ‬
‫ﳜﺮج ﻣﻦ اﳌﺴﺠﺪ إﻻ ﳌﺎ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ ‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﴩ اﻷَو ِ‬
‫اﺧ ِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻻ ْﻋﺘِﻜ ِ‬
‫َﺎف ِﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻮب اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ‪) :‬ﺑﺎب ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺟ ِﺪ ُﻛ ﱢﻠ َﻬﺎ؛ ﻟ ِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪Z Y X W V﴿ :‬‬ ‫اﻻ ْﻋﺘِﻜ ِ‬
‫َﺎف ِﰲ اﳌَﺴ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫و ِ‬
‫َ‬
 ‫ِ‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎف‬ ‫‪ُ َ‬‬
‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫[\ ] ^ _ ` ‪h g f e d c ba‬‬
‫‪]﴾i‬اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.([١٨٧ :‬‬
‫اﻻ ْﻋﺘِﻜَﺎف َﻻ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ إِ ﱠﻻ ِﰲ ا َﳌ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ؛ ِﻷَ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﻮوي‪ِ :‬‬

‫اﺟ ُﻪ َو َأ ْﺻ َﺤﺎ َﺑ ُﻪ إِﻧ َﱠﲈ ا ْﻋ َﺘ َﻜ ُﻔﻮا ِﰲ اﳌَ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ اﳌَ َﺸ ﱠﻘ ِﺔ ِﰲ ُﻣ َﻼ َز َﻣﺘِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َﺟ َﺎز ِﰲ‬
‫َو َأ ْز َو َ‬
‫ﺖ ﻟﻔﻌﻠﻮه وﻟﻮ ﻣﺮة‪ ،‬ﻻﺳﻴﲈ اﻟﻨﱢﺴﺎء؛ ِﻷَ ﱠن ﺣﺎﺟﺘَﻬﻦ إِ َﻟﻴ ِﻪ ِﰲ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻮت َأ ْﻛ َﺜ ُﺮ‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِ‬
‫ُُ‬ ‫َ َ ُ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(٦٨/٨) ‬‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ‪ ،‬ﱢإﲏ ُﻛﻨ ُْﺖ‬ ‫ﺎب ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫اﳋَ ﱠﻄ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -٢١٣‬ﻋ ْﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ ْ‬

‫ﻒ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ ‪َ -‬و ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ٍﺔ‪َ :‬ﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ ‪ِ -‬ﰲ ا َﳌ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ ِﻠ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َأ ْن َأ ْﻋﺘَﻜِ َ‬

‫اﳉ ِ‬
‫ت ِﰲ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻧ ََﺬ ْر ُ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َو ِاة َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ وﻻ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﳊ َﺮا ِم‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻓ َﺄ ْوف ﺑِﻨ َْﺬ ِر َك«‪َ .‬و َﱂ ْ َﻳ ْﺬﻛ ُْﺮ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﺾ ﱡ‬
‫َْ‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٠٣٢‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (١٦٥٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬

‫أﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺮواه اﻟﱰﻣﺬي )‪.(١٥٣٩‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬و ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ٍﺔ‪َ :‬ﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ( ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ ،(٣١٤٤‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(١٦٥٦‬‬

‫َﺎف ﺑِ َﻐ ْ ِﲑ َﺻ ْﻮ ٍم؛ ِﻷَ ﱠن‬ ‫اﻻ ْﻋﺘِﻜ ِ‬ ‫ﻒ َﻟﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ( اﺳﺘ ُِﺪ ﱠل ﺑِ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺟﻮ ِاز ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬أ ْن َأ ْﻋﺘَﻜ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻠﺼ ْﻮ ِم‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ َﻞ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻇ ْﺮ ًﻓﺎ ﻟ ﱠ‬
‫َﲔ‪ :‬ﺑِ َﺄ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻧ ََﺬ َر‬‫اﻟﺮ َوا َﻳﺘ ْ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺎن َو َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ُه َﺑ ْ َ‬ ‫)و ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ٍﺔ‪َ :‬ﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ( ﲨﻊ ﺑﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ :‬‬
‫َﺎف َﻳ ْﻮ ٍم َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ٍﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻤ ْﻦ َأ ْﻃ َﻠ َﻖ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ َأ َرا َد ﺑِ َﻴ ْﻮ ِﻣ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻃ َﻠ َﻖ َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َأ َرا َد ﺑِ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻠﺘِ ِﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ‬
‫ا ْﻋﺘِﻜ َ‬
‫‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٥٤‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻓ َﺄ ْو ِف ﺑِﻨ َْﺬ ِر َك( وﺟﻮب اﻟﻮﻓﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺬر‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ ﻋﻘﺪ ﰲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﻜﻔﺮ‪ .‬وأن‬
‫اﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎف ﳚﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺬر‪ ،‬وﻳﻠﺰم اﻟﻮﻓﺎء ﺑﻪ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﺗﻴﺴﲑ اﻟﻌﻼم‪.‬‬

‫َﺎن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ﷺ ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَﻜِ ًﻔﺎ ِﰲ‬ ‫ْﺖ ُﺣ َﻴ ﱟﻲ ‪َ ‬ﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪ :‬ﻛ َ‬ ‫‪َ -٢١٤‬ﻋﻦ ﺻ ِﻔﻴ َﺔ ﺑِﻨ ِ‬
‫ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َم َﻣ ِﻌﻲ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ور ُه َﻟ ْﻴ ًﻼ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺤﺪﱠ ْﺛ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ُﻗ ْﻤ ُﺖ ﻷَ ْﻧ َﻘﻠ َ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ا َﳌ ْﺴﺠﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ َﺗ ْﻴ ُﺘ ُﻪ َأ ُز ُ‬
‫ﻼن ِﻣ َﻦ‬ ‫َﺎن ﻣﺴ َﻜﻨُﻬﺎ ِﰲ د ِار ُأﺳﺎﻣ َﺔ ﺑ ِﻦ َزﻳ ٍﺪ ‪َ -‬ﻓﻤﺮ رﺟ ِ‬
‫َﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻟ َﻴ ْﻘﻠ َﺒﻨﻲ ‪َ -‬وﻛ َ َ ْ َ‬
‫ِ ِ ِ‬

‫ﴎ َﻋﺎ‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ﷺ‪َ » :‬ﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫ﺎر‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠﲈ ر َأﻳﺎ رﺳ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻷَﻧ َْﺼ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ َأ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎن اﷲِ! َﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫ْﺖ ُﺣ َﻴ ﱟﻲ«‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎﻻ‪ُ :‬ﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ َ‬ ‫ِر ْﺳﻠِﻜ َُﲈ؛ ﱠإﳖَﺎ َﺻ ِﻔ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ ﺑِﻨ ُ‬
‫ﳎ َﺮى اﻟﺪﱠ مِ‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱢﲏ َﺧ ِﺸ ُ‬
‫ﻴﺖ َأ ْن‬ ‫ﳚ ِﺮي ِﻣ ِﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ آ َد َم َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻴ َﻄ َ‬
‫ﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫إن ﱠ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ‬
‫ف ِﰲ ُﻗ ُﻠﻮﺑِﻜ َُﲈ َﴍا ‪َ -‬أ ْو َﻗ َﺎل َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺌﺎ ‪.«-‬‬ ‫َﻳ ْﻘ ِﺬ َ‬
‫ﴩ اﻷَو ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ت ﺗ َُﺰوره ِﰲ ْ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫َو ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ٍﺔ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﳖَﺎ َﺟﺎ َء ْ‬
‫اﺧ ِﺮ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻜَﺎﻓﻪ ِﰲ اﳌَ ْﺴ ِﺠﺪ ِﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ َ‬ ‫ُُ‬
‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َم اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ﷺ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﻋ ًﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺎ َﻣ ْﺖ َﺗﻨْ َﻘﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬ﻓﺘ ََﺤﺪﱠ َﺛ ْﺖ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ُه َﺳ َ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫ﺎب ا َﳌ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ َﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺎب ُأ ﱢم َﺳ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔ‪ُ ...‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﻌ َﻬﺎ َﻳ ْﻘﻠ ُﺒ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ إ َذا َﺑ َﻠ َﻐ ْﺖ َﺑ َ‬
‫َذﻛ ََﺮ ُه ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪.‬‬

‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٣٢٨١‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٧٥‬‬

 ‫ِ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎف‬ ‫‪ُ َ‬‬
‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ِ‪َ‬بُ ا‪ ‬‬

‫ور ُه ِﰲ ا ْﻋﺘِﻜَﺎﻓِ ِﻪ ِﰲ اﳌَ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ‪ (...‬رواه‬ ‫ٍ‬

‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬و ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳﺔ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﳖَﺎ َﺟﺎ َء ْت ﺗ َُﺰ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري )‪ ،(٢٠٣٥‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢١٧٥‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪َ ) :‬ﻓ َﺄ َﺗ ْﻴ ُﺘ ُﻪ َأ ُز ُ‬
‫ور ُه َﻟ ْﻴ ًﻼ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺤﺪﱠ ْﺛ ُﺘ ُﻪ( ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﻮاز ﺧﺮوج اﳌﺮأة ً‬
‫ﻟﻴﻼ‪ .‬وﺟﻮاز‬
‫زﻳﺎرﲥﺎ اﳌﻌﺘﻜﻒ‪ .‬واﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﻣﻌﻪ‪ .‬وﺟﻮاز اﺷﺘﻐﺎل اﳌﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﻌﺮض ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎن ﻣﻨﺪو ًﺑﺎ أو ً‬
‫َﺎن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺎ َم َﻣ ِﻌﻲ ﻟ ِ َﻴ ْﻘﻠِ َﺒﻨِﻲ( وﰲ رواﻳﺔ‪) :‬ﻛ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪ُ ) :‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ُﻗ ْﻤ ُﺖ ﻷَ ْﻧ َﻘﻠ َ‬
‫ْﺖ ُﺣ َﻴ ﱟﻲ َﻻ َﺗ ْﻌ َﺠ ِﲇ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ‬ ‫ِﰲ اﳌَﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ و ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ه َأ ْزواﺟﻪ َﻓﺮﺣﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل ﻟِﺼ ِﻔﻴ َﺔ ﺑِﻨ ِ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ُ ُ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﴚ َﻣ َﻌ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ِﺳ ﱠﻴ َﲈ إ َذا‬
‫اﻟﺰ ِاﺋ ِﺮ ﺑِﺎﳌَ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ف َﻣ َﻌﻚ(‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ دﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ َﺗ ْﺄﻧ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ْﴫ َ‬ ‫َأﻧ َ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺮ َوا َﻳ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِ َﻴ ِﺔ َأ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ‪َ ‬ﻣ َﺸﻰ َﻣ َﻌ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﺟ ُﺔ َإﱃ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ﻛَﺎﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ِﻞ‪َ .‬و َﻗﺪْ َﺗ َﺒ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﲔ ﺑِ ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َد َﻋﺖ ْ َ‬
‫اﳊ َ‬
‫ﺎب اﳌَ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬إﺣﻜﺎم اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫َإﱃ َﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺎر‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠﲈ ر َأﻳﺎ رﺳ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﴎ َﻋﺎ‪ (...‬ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ ‪َ ‬أ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪َ ) :‬ﻓ َﻤ ﱠﺮ َر ُﺟﻼن ﻣ َﻦ اﻷَﻧ َْﺼ ِ ﱠ َ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻪ اﻟﺘ َﱠﺤ ﱡﺮ ُز ِﻣ َﻦ‬
‫اﻹ ْﺛﻢ‪ .‬وﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫ﺎن َﺷ َﻔ َﻘﺘﻪ ‪َ ‬ﻋ َﲆ ُأ ﱠﻣﺘﻪ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْر َﺷﺎ ُد ُﻫ ْﻢ إِ َﱃ َﻣﺎ َﻳﺪْ َﻓ ُﻊ َﻋﻨ ُْﻬ ُﻢ ْ ِ َ َ‬
‫َﺑ َﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺎظ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻛ َﻴ ِﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻻ ْﺣﺘِ َﻔ ُ‬ ‫ﻮء اﻟ ﱠﻈﻦ‪ ،‬و ِ‬‫ض ﻟِﺴ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻴ َﻄﺎن‪ ،‬واﻻﻋﺘﺬار‪ .‬اﻫ‬ ‫ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌ ﱡﺮ ِ ُ‬
‫ﺎﻫ ِﺮ ِه َو َأ ﱠن‬ ‫ﺎن َﳚ ِﺮي ِﻣ ِﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ آدم َﳎْﺮى اﻟﺪﱠ ِم( ِﻗ َﻴﻞ ُﻫﻮ َﻋ َﲆ َﻇ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ ََ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻴ َﻄ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﱠ‬
‫)إن ﱠ‬
‫اﻻ ْﺳﺘِ َﻌ َﺎر ِة ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻛ ْﺜ َﺮ ِة إِ ْﻏ َﻮ ِاﺋ ِﻪ َو َﻛ َﺄ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ‬
‫ﻴﻞ ِ‬‫اﷲَ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ َأ َﻗﺪَ َر ُه َﻋ َﲆ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َو ِﻗ َﻴﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻋ َﲆ َﺳﺒِ ِ‬
‫ﺎل َوﻋَﺪَ ِم اﳌُ َﻔ َﺎر َﻗ ِﺔ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻻﺗ َﱢﺼ ِ‬‫ﺎﺷ َﱰﻛَﺎ ِﰲ ِﺷﺪﱠ ِة ِ‬
‫ﺎر ُق َﻛﺎﻟﺪﱠ ِم َﻓ ْ َ‬ ‫َﻻ ُﻳ َﻔ ِ‬

‫ور ُه ِﰲ ا ْﻋﺘِﻜَﺎﻓِ ِﻪ ِﰲ اﳌَ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ‪ ...‬إﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ت َﺗ ُﺰ ُ‬‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪َ ) :‬و ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ٍﺔ‪َ :‬أ ﱠﳖَﺎ َﺟﺎ َء ْ‬
‫ﺎب ُأ ﱢم َﺳ َﻠ َﻤ َﺔ( ُﻳﺴﺘﺪل ﲠﺬه اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ ﻋﲆ أﻧﻪ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺎب اﳌَ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ َﺑ ِ‬ ‫َﺣﺘﱠﻰ إ َذا َﺑ َﻠ َﻐ ْﺖ َﺑ َ‬
‫ﳜﺮج ﻣﻦ اﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ح ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪٥٦‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ اﳌﻠﻘﻦ‪ :‬اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ اﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺸﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ إﱃ ﺑﺎب اﳌﺴﺠﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎن اﳋﺮوج ﻣﻦ اﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﴩﻋﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻗﻄ ًﻌﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ‬
‫‪‬اﻹﻋﻼم‪.‬‬

‫وب‬‫ون ْاﻷَ ﱠﻳﺎ ِم‪َ :‬أ ْن َﻳﺪْ ُﺧ َﻞ ُﻗ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻞ ُﻏ ُﺮ ِ‬‫َﺎف اﻟ ﱠﻠ َﻴ ِﺎﱄ ُد َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪َ :‬ﺳﺒِ ُﻴﻞ َﻣ ْﻦ َأ َرا َد ا ْﻋﺘِﻜ َ‬
‫ﺎﺻ ًﺔ‪َ :‬ﻓ َﻴﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫اﻋﺘِﻜ َ‬
‫َﺎف ْاﻷَ ﱠﻳﺎ ِم َﺧ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺲ َو َﳜ ُْﺮ َج َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُﻃ ُﻠﻮ ِع ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺠ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َأ َرا َد ْ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻋﺘِﻜ َ‬
‫َﺎف ْاﻷَ ﱠﻳﺎ َم َواﻟ ﱠﻠ َﻴ ِﺎﱄ َﻣ ًﻌﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َأ َرا َد ْ‬‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِ‬ ‫وب ﱠ‬ ‫ُﻃ ُﻠﻮ ِع ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺠ ِﺮ َو َﳜ ُْﺮ ُج َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُﻏ ُﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺲ َأ ْﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِ‬ ‫وب ﱠ‬ ‫ﺲ َو َﳜ ُْﺮ ُج َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُﻏ ُﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِ‬ ‫وب ﱠ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻴﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ُﻏ ُﺮ ِ‬

‫‪ :‬ﺟﺎء ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﻜﱪى‪َ :(٨٥٧٤) ‬ﻋ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َو ِاﺋ ٍﻞ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل‬
‫ﻮد ‪ُ :‬ﻋﻜُﻮ ًﻓﺎ َﺑ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺣ َﺬﻳ َﻔ ُﺔ ﻟِﻌﺒ ِﺪاﷲِ ﻳﻌﻨِﻲ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌ ٍ‬
‫ﻮﺳﻰ َو َﻗﺪْ‬ ‫ﲔ َد ِار َك َو َد ِار َأ ِﰊ ُﻣ َ‬ ‫َْ ْ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬
‫اﳊ َﺮا ِم« َأ ْو َﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬إِ ﱠﻻ‬‫ﺠ ِﺪ َ‬ ‫َﺎف إِ ﱠﻻ ِﰲ ا َﳌ ْﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲِ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ ا ْﻋﺘِﻜ َ‬ ‫َﻋﻠِ ْﻤ ُﺖ َأ ﱠن َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ت َو َأ َﺻﺎ ُﺑﻮا‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﺖ َو َﺣ ِﻔ ُﻈﻮا َأ ْو َأ ْﺧ َﻄ ْﺄ َ‬ ‫ﺎﺟ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ« َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل َﻋ ْﺒﺪُ اﷲ‪َ :‬ﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻠ َﻚ ﻧ َِﺴ َ‬
‫ِﰲ اﳌَ َﺴ ِ‬

‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ ‪ :‬أﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻴﲈن ‪َ » :‬ﻻ‬

‫َﺎف إِ ﱠﻻ ِﰲ اﳌَ َﺴﺎ ِﺟ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ« ﻓﻬﺬا إن ﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮادح ﻓﻬﻮ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﲈل‪،‬‬
‫ا ْﻋﺘِﻜ َ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن اﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎف اﻷﻛﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ؛ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﴩﻓﻬﺎ‬
‫وﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ .‬اﻫ ‪‬ﳎﻤﻮع ﻓﺘﺎوى ورﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻌﺜﻴﻤﲔ‪.(١٦٢/٢٠) ‬‬

‫)‪(‬‬