PCS S Series
PCS-978S Transformer Relay
PCS-978S has been designed specifically for the protection of
various type power transformers, including two-winding
transformers, three-winding transformers (up to 6 branches), as
well as auto-transformers in any voltage level. PCS-978S is the
main protection for the transformer and contains many other
protection, control and monitoring functions. With its modular
structure, flexibility and the powerful PCS-Studio engineering tool,
PCS-978S offers future-oriented system solutions with high
investment security and low operating costs.
Features
• High degree of functional integration and flexible configuration
modes, transformer main protection and back-up protection
can be integrated in one device, or be separated in two
devices.
• Up to 36 analog inputs can be provided and configured
flexibly.
• The tripping output contacts can be configured by tripping
matrix, which is flexible, convenient and suitable to any mode
of tripping.
• The relay supports at most 6 branches differential protection. The
transformer angle can be adjusted flexibly, and any transformer
angle compensation mode is supported and any side can be
chosen as the reference side of differential protection.
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Reliable differential CT circuit failure supervision. The relay
can detect multi-phase CT wire-break, multi-side CT
wire-break, short-circuit, and other complex situation. The
corresponding logic setting can be used to select blocking
differential protection or not, in case of CT circuit failure.
• Multiple inrush current blocking options are provided.
Self-adaptive inrush current blocking criterion can ensure the
relay fast operation for transformer energized on to a slight
fault, meanwhile it will avoid the unwanted operation in the
case of the energization inrush current caused by energizing
transformer with no load, the recovery inrush current caused
by cutting off the transformer external fault, and the
sympathetic inrush current.
• Biased DPFC differential protection is regardless of load
current and is sensitive to small internal fault current within the
transformer. Its anti CT saturation performance is also strong.
• The unique power swing blocking releasing logic without
setting and can properly supervise distance protection during
power swing, which ensures distance protection to operate
correctly for internal faults during power swing, and prevents
distance protection from mal-operation during power swing.
Functions
Protection and Control
• Transformer differential protection (87T)
Conventional and sensitive biased differential elements are
available for fast and sensitive fault clearance. The
conventional biased differential element can be with inrush
current blocking, while the sensitive biased differential element
can be further blocked by CT saturation, over excitation and
CT failure. Instantaneous differential element instantaneously
responds and clears serious internal faults without any
restraining characteristics and blocking elements. DPFC
differential element is immune to load fluctuations and provides
high sensitivity for turn-to-turn faults and high impedance
faults.
• Inrush blocking
Two methods are provided for inrush blocking: waveform
distortion method and harmonic method. In the waveform
distortion method, the symmetry principle is utilized to detect
interrupted and unsymmetrical inrush currents. The harmonics
method relies on the 2nd and 3rd harmonics in order to
determine the inrush current. The self-adaptive blocking mode
and phase-to-phase cross-blocking mode are both provided for
inrush blocking.
• CT saturation blocking
The 2nd and 3rd harmonics are both employed to detect both
steady-state CT saturation and transient CT saturation. In
addition, the time intervals between difference current and
restraint current are utilized to distinguish internal faults and
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Specifications
Electrical Specifications

AC Current Input

Phase rotation ABC or ACB

Nominal frequency (fn) 50Hz, 60Hz

Rated current (In) 1A/5A (settable)

Linear to 0.01A~200A

Thermal withstand
-continuously 20A
-for 10s 150A
-for 1s 500A
-for half a cycle 1250A

Burden <0.05VA/phase @1A, <0.25VA/phase @5A

AC Voltage Input

Phase rotation ABC or ACB

Nominal frequency (fn) 50Hz, 60Hz

Rated voltage (Un) 100V~130V

Linear to 1V~300V

Thermal withstand Phase-to-ground Phase-to-phase

-continuously 300V 519V
-10s 600V 1038V
-1s 660V 1141V

Burden at rated <0.01VA/phase @100V

Power Supply

Standard IEC 61000-4-29:2000

Rated voltage 110Vdc/125Vdc/220Vdc/250Vdc 110Vac/220Vac

Permissible voltage range 88~300Vdc 88~275Vac
Permissible AC ripple voltage ≤15% of the nominal auxiliary voltage

Burden
Quiescent condition <30W
Operating condition <35W

Transducer Input

Standard IEC 60255-1: 2009

Input range -20mA~20mA -10V~10V

Input resistance 230Ω >1MΩ

Accuracy 0.1% 0.1%

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PCS S Series

RTD PT10, PT100, PT1000, CU50, CU100

Types 3-wire, 2-wire

PT10, PT100, PT1000: -200°C ~ 850°C
Range
CU50, CU100: -50°C ~ 150°C
Accuracy 0.5°C (3-wire, environment temperature: 25°C)

Binary Input: Settable pickup voltage and dropoff voltage

Rated voltage 110V 125V 220Vdc 250Vdc

Rated current drain 0.73mA 0.83mA 1.47mA 1.67mA

On value (default set) 69.3~132Vdc 78.75~160Vdc 138.6-264Vdc 157.5~300Vdc

Off value (default set) <55V <62.5V <110Vdc <125V

Maximum permissible voltage 350Vdc

Withstand voltage 2000Vac, 2800Vdc (continuously)
Response time for logic input ≤1ms

Binary Input: Settable pickup voltage and dropoff voltage

Rated voltage 24V 48V

Rated current drain 0.16mA 0.32mA

On value (default set) 15.12~28.2Vdc 30.24~57.6Vdc

Off value (default set) <12V <24V

Maximum permissible voltage 350Vdc

Withstand voltage 2000Vac, 2800Vdc (continuously)
Response time for logic input ≤1ms

Binary Output: Tripping/signaling contact

Output mode Potential free contact

Max. system voltage 250Vac, 300Vdc

Continuous carry 10A

Pickup time (Typical value) <5ms

Dropoff time (Resistive load) <6ms

0.5A@48Vdc
0.35A@110Vdc
Breaking capacity (L/R=40ms) 0.30A@125Vdc
0.20A@220Vdc
0.15A@250Vdc

0.5A@48Vdc
0.35A@110Vdc
Cyclic Capacity
0.30A@125Vdc
(2.5 cycle/second, L/R=40ms)
0.20A@220Vdc
0.15A@250Vdc

30A@3s
Short duration current
50A@1s

Durability (Loaded contact) 10000 operations

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Binary Output: Heavy-capacity tripping contact

Output mode Potential free contact

MOV Protection (maximum voltage ) 350Vdc, 275Vac

Continuous carry 10A

Pickup time (Typical value) <1ms

Dropoff time (Resistive load) <10ms

10A@48V
10A@110V
Breaking capacity (L/R=40ms)
10A@125V
10A@250V

10A@48V L/R=40ms
Cyclic Capacity (4cycles in 1 second,
10A@110V L/R=40ms
followed by 2 minutes idle for
10A@125V L/R=40ms
thermal dissipation)
10A@250V L/R=20ms

30A@3s
Short duration current
50A@1s

Durability (Loaded contact) 10000 operations

Mechanical Specifications

Chassis color Silver grey

Approx. 8.66kg (6U, 1/2)

Weight per device
Approx. 15.83kg (6U, 1/1)

Chassis material Aluminum alloy

Location of terminal Rear panel of the device

Device structure Plug-in modular type @ rear side, integrated front plate

Protection Class
Standard IEC 60529-2013

Front side IP52

Other sides IP50

Rear side, connection terminals IP20

Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range

Standard IEC 60255-1:2009

Operating temperature -40°C to +80°C (Readability of display may be impaired below -20°C and above 70°C)

Transport and storage temperature range -40°C to +80°C

Permissible humidity 5%-95%, without condensation

Pollution degree II

Altitude <3000m

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PCS S Series
Communication Port

EIA-485 Port

Baud rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s

Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997

Max. capacity 32

Max. transmission distance 500m

Safety level Isolation to ELV level

Twisted pair Screened twisted pair cable

Copper Ethernet Port

Connector type RJ45

Transmission rate 100Mbits/s

Transmission standard 100Base-TX

Max. transmission distance 100m

Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997, DNP 3.0 or IEC 61850

Safety level Isolation to ELV level

Optical Fibre Port: For Station Level

Characteristic Glass optical fiber

Connector type LC

Fibre type Multi mode

Max. transmission distance 2km

Wave length 1310nm

Transmission power 50μm: -24dBm 62.5μm: -20dBm

Minimum receiving power Min. -31.0dBm
Margin 50μm: -7dBm 62.5μm: -9dBm

Optical Fibre Port: For Process Level

Characteristic Glass optical fiber

Connector type LC

Fibre type Multi mode

Max. transmission distance 2km

Wave length 1310nm

Transmission power -20.0dBm ~ -14.0dBm

Minimum receiving power Min. -30.0dBm

Margin Min. +10.0dBm

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Optical Fibre Port: For Synchronization Port

Characteristic Glass optical fiber

Connector type ST

Fibre type Multi mode

Wave length 850nm

Peak optical input power

Logic level HIGH Max. -40dBm
Logic level LOW Max. -10dBm, Min -24dBm

Print Port

Type RS-232

Baud Rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s

Printer type EPSON® 300K printer

Safety level Isolation to ELV level

Clock Synchronization Port

Type Serial port BNC Connector

Input Demodulated IRIG-B or PPS

Nominal voltage 5Vdc+10%

Maximum voltage 8Vdc

Input impedance 2.5kΩ >1kΩ

Isolation 500Vdc 1.5kV (rms) for 1 min

Type Tests

Environmental Tests

Dry cold test IEC60068-2-1:2007

Dry heat test IEC60068-2-2:2007

Damp heat test, cyclic IEC60068-2-30:2005

Mechanical Tests

Vibration IEC 60255-21-1:1988 Class I

Shock and bump IEC 60255-21-2:1988 Class I

Electrical Tests

Standard IEC 60255-27:2013

Dielectric tests Test voltage 2kV, 50Hz, 1min

Impulse voltage tests Test voltage 5kV

Overvoltage category III

Insulation resistance measurements Isolation resistance >100MΩ@500VDC

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Electromagnetic Compatibility

IEC 60255-26:2013

1MHz burst disturbance test Common mode: class III 2.5kV

Differential mode: class III 1.0kV

IEC 61000-4-2-2008

Electrostatic discharge test For contact discharge: 8kV

For air discharge: 15kV

IEC 60255-26:2013 class III

Frequency sweep
Radiated amplitude-modulated
Radio frequency interference tests 10V/m (rms), f=80~1000MHz, 14000~2700MHz

Spot frequency
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80MHz/160MHz/450MHz/900MHz

IEC 60255-26:2013

Fast transient disturbance tests Power supply, I/O, Earth: class IV, 4kV, 5kHz, 5/50ns

Communication terminals: class IV, 2kV, 5kHz, 5/50ns

IEC 60255-26:2013

Surge immunity test Power supply, AC input, I/O port: class IV, 1.2/50us
Common mode: 4kV
Differential mode: 2kV

IEC 60255-26:2013

Conducted RF electromagnetic disturbance Power supply, AC, I/O, Comm. Terminal: Class III, 10Vrms, 150 kHz~80MHz
Spot frequency
10V/m (rms), f=27MHz/68MHz

IEC 61000-4-8:2009
Power frequency magnetic field immunity
Class V, 100A/m for 1min, 1000A/m for 3s

IEC 61000-4-9:2016
Pulse magnetic field immunity
Class V, 6.4/16μs, 1000A/m for 3s

IEC 61000-4-10:2016
Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity
Class V, 100kHz & 1MHz–100A/m

IEC 60255-26:2013
Conducted emission 0.15MHz ~ 0.50MHz: 79dB(μV) quasi peak, 66dB(μV) average
0.50MHz ~ 30MHz: 73dB(μV) quasi peak, 60dB(μV) average

IEC 60255-26:2013

Below 30MHz ~ 230MHz: 40dB(μV/m) quasi peak @10m, 50dB(μV/m) quasi peak @3m
Radiated emission 1GHz 230MHz ~ 1000MHz: 47dB(μV/m) quasi peak @10m, 57dB(μV/m) quasi peak @3m

Above 1GHz ~ 3GHz: 56dB(μV/m) average, 76dB(μV/m) peak @3m

1GHz 3GHz ~ 6GHz: 60dB(μV/m) average, 80dB(μV/m) peak @3m
IEC 60255-26:2013

Voltage dips Up to 200ms for dips to 40% of rated voltage without reset

Auxiliary power supply performance 50ms for interruption without rebooting without energy
storage board (Typical configuration)
Voltage short interruptions
500ms for interruption without rebooting with energy
storage board (Typical configuration)

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Terminals

Connection Type Wire Size

AC current Screw terminals, 1.5~4mm2 lead

AC voltage Screw terminals, 0.8~4mm2 lead

Power supply Screw terminals, 0.8~4mm2 lead
Contact I/O Screw terminals, 0.8~4mm2 lead
Grounding (Earthing) Connection BVR type, 0.8~4mm2 lead

Measurement Scope and Accuracy

Item Range Accuracy

Phase range 0° ~ 360° ≤±1°

Frequency fn±3 Hz ≤0.01Hz
Currents from protection measurement current transformers

≤ 1.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In)

Current 0.05~4.00In
≤ 0.5% of applied quantities (1.00~4.00In)
≤ 1.0% of rating (0.05~1.00Un)
Voltage 0.05~1.50Un
≤ 0.5% of applied quantities (1.00~1.50Un)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 2.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Active power (W)
0.05~4.00In ≤ 1.0% of applied quantities (1.00~4.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 2.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Reactive power (VAr)
0.05~4.00In ≤ 1.0% of applied quantities (1.00~4.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 2.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Apparent power (VA)
0.05~4.00In ≤ 1.0% of applied quantities (1.00~4.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)

Management Function

Control Performance

Control mode Local or remote

Accuracy of local control ≤1s

Accuracy of remote control ≤3s

Clock Performance

Real time clock accuracy ≤1s/day

Accuracy of GPS synchronization ≤1ms

External time synchronization IRIG-B (200-98), PPS, IEEE1588 or SNTP protocol

Fault and Disturbance Recording

Duration & Recording position Settable pre-disturbance, post-disturbance and maximum recorded duration

Sampling rate Up to 9.6kHz

Binary Input Signal

Resolution of binary input signal ≤1ms

Binary input mode Potential-free contact

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