Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education

Government Polytechnic College, Murtizapur

Department of Civil Engineering

Subject
Mechanics of structure (22303)

TOPIC
Study of Tension test on mild or tor steel

GUIDED BY
Prof. A.R.Lahane Sir
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. /Miss.

……………………
…………………………….Roll no. . …… . Of Third
Semester of Diploma in Civil Engineering of Institute
Government Polytechnic, Murtizapur has completed the micro
project of Mechanics of structure (22303) entitled 'study of
tension test on mild or tor steel'. For the academic year 2022-
23 as prescribed in curriculum.

Place: -……………. Enrollment no:-. .

Date:-……………. Exam seat no: - …..……

Course teacher Head of Department Principal

 Group members

Submitted by
Roll. Enrollment no. Name
No.

1 2112410005 Borse Ganesh Ramesh

2 2112410006 Chavhan Nitesh Ganesh

3 2112410008 Daigawane Amraja Jitendra

4 2112410009 Dhage Aayush Gopal
5 2112410010 Dhore Atharva Eknath

6 2112410011 Gajbe Akash Dharmik

7 2112410012 Gawande Pratik Ravindra

8 2112410014 Ghate Shivaji Dnyandeo

9 2112410015 Ghuge Nilesh Sanjay

10 2112410021 Jadhao Yash Arvind

 Index

1. Importance

2. About UTM

3. Theory

4. Practical

5. Conclusion

6. Reference
 IMPORTANCE
The Test most applied one, of all mechanical tests. In this test
end of test piece are fixed grips connect to a straining device
and to a load measuring device. If the applied load is small
enough, the deformation of any body is entirely elastic. A
statically deformed solid will turn to an original form as soon
as load is removed. However, if the load is too large, the
material can be deformed permanently. The initial part of the
tension curve which is recoverable immediately after
unloading is termed. As elastic and the of the carve which is
the manner in which soil undergoes plastic deformation is
termed plastic. The stress below which the deformations
essentially entirely elastic is known as the yield strength of
material. In some material the onset of plastic deformed is
denoted by a sudden drop in bad indicating both an upper and
a lower yield point. However, some materials do not exhibit a
sharp yield point. During plastic deformation, at larger
extensions strain hardening cannot compensate for the
decrease in section and these thus the load passes through a
maximum and begins to decrease. This stage “Ultimate
strength “which is defined as the ratio of load on the
specimen to original cross -section area reaches maximum
value. Further loading will eventually cause neck formation
and rupture.

ABOUT UTM (UNIVERSAL TESTING

MACHINE)

The tensile test is conducted on UT M. It is hydraulically

operates a pump, of in oil sump, load dial indicator and
central buttons. The left has upper, middle and lower cross
heads Le, specimen grips (or jaws). Idle cross head can be
moved up and down for adjustment.
The pipes connecting the lift and right parts are oil pipes
through which the pumped oil under pressure flows on left
parts to more the cross-heads.

DIAGRAM OF UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE (UTM)

Loading Unit:
The loading of the specimen is conducted in the loading unit.
In the figure above, the equipment in the left is called as the
loading unit. The loading unit consists of three crossheads,
they are the upper head, middle head, and lower head. These
crossheads are used depending on the type of load (tensile,
compressive or shear) applied on the specimen. When
undergoing the tensile test, the upper and lower crossheads are
used. Control Panel: This unit facilitates the load application
on the specimen. The load application is performed by the
action of hydraulic pressure. A pendulum dynamometer is
fitted to measure and indicate the force coming on the
specimen. A big size load indicating dial fitted with a glass
cover is mounted at the side of the control panel. The range
indicating dial is to be adjusted for the particular range
selected.

THEORY
The specimen is subjected to constant tension load and the
extension caused in the steel rod is noted against the load
within the elastic limit. The load values at yield point,
breaking point, and ultimate point are carefully noted. With
the obtained values, the stress and strain are calculated and
plotted in a graph. From the data, we get:
1. Modulus of Elasticity, E = Stress/Strain. This is calculated
within the elastic limit. The slope of the stress-strain curve
provides the modulus of elasticity)
2. Yield Stress Load at yield Point/Original C/s Area
3. Ultimate Stress = Ultimate Load/Original C/s Area
4. Nominal Breaking Stress Breaking Load/Nominal Breaking
Stress
5. Actual Breaking Stress = Breaking load/Neck Area
6. Percentage elongation = (Change in length/Original
Length)/100
7. Percentage reduction in the area = (Change in
length/Original Area)/100
LETS DO SOME EXPERIMENT

PRACTICAL I: Perform tension test on mild steel as

per IS: 432(1)

Procedure
a) Measure the diameter of the specimen at three different
sections. Calculate the original diameter by taking average of
three readings. The minimum overall length of the specimen
shall be 20 times diameter plus 200 mm
b) Mark the gauge points over the grip length such that the
gauge point’s distance is half the gauge lengthy. Half of
5.65/So where so is the cross-sectional area.
c) Fix up the bar in the appropriate crossheads so that it is
subjected to tensile load.
d) Attach the extensometer on the bar at the central portion
of the bar with appropriate distance between upper & lower
pivots of extensometer.
e) Select a suitable loading range depending on the
diameter of specimen Switch on the machine and open the
control valve so that the load is increased gradually and at the
required rate.
f) Record the load at suitable interval from the digital display
unit or the load dial.
g) Corresponding to loads note the readings of Extensometer.
1 For initial few observations load and extension are in pace
with each other.
Record the yield point load by observing the hesitation of load
pointer reading The extension reading are faster at this
moment.
I) Remove the extensometer, and start to measure extension
of gauge length by
1 For initial few observations load and extension are in pace
with each other.
Record the yield point load by observing the hesitation of load
pointer reading The extension reading are faster at this
moment.
j) Remove the extensometer, and start to measure extension of
gauge length by
Divider or suitable scale. Stop measurement when maximum
load has reached.
K) Record the maximum load. Observe the decrease in load
and neck formation on the specimen. I Record the load at
fracture and put off the machine.
m] Remove the specimen. Observe the cone & cup
formation at the fracture point. Re-join the two pieces,
measure the final gauge length and the reduced diameter.
n] Plot the graph of Stress verses strain for mild steel and
determine the modulus of elasticity.

Conclusion

Here we have come to the end of the project on the topic

"study of tension test on mild or tor steel”

We would like to share our experience while doing this

project. We learnt about the "study of tension test on mild or
tor steel”, it was a wonderful learning experience for us while
working on this project.

This project has developed our thinking skill and more interest
in this subject. This project gave us real insight into the
"Mechanic Of structure"
A very special thanks to our dear Prof. A.R.Lahane Sir who
have betting such target for us, we enjoyed every bit for
work, we put into this project. We hope our project would be
interesting and may be knowledgeable too.

REFERENCE

WWW.BRAINLY.COM

WWW.TOPPER.COM

WWW.MYPRACTICALLY.COM

WWW.STUDOCU.COM