ME-303

MECHATRONICS
Dr. Fakhre Alam Khan

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What is Mechatronics?
• Mechatronics describes the synergistic 
integration of mechanical , electronic , 
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computer, and control systems.
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 APPLICATIONS (EXAMPLES) OF
MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS

• Industrial Robots: Chemical hazardous environment.

• Mobile Robots: Vacuum cleaning, Assisting soldiers in combat
operations, or Delivering food and medicine (recently in Chinese) in
hospitals.
• Scanner: Image converts into computer readable format.
• Parking Gate: Sensor controlled motor
operated gate. 3
Why Do Electronic Systems Matter

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Active and Passive Electronics

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Resistors

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 Resistors (why do we need ?)

1. Limit current flow (most of the times)

2. Divide voltage (sometimes)

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 Resistors (value)

 How to evaluate resistance

of a resistor?
 Resistance values are indicated
by color bands.

 What is the resistance of this

Resistor?
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 Capacitors
 Capacitance normally in F or pF.

 Farad (large unit of capacitance).

 That’s why capacitance is given

in F or pF.

Types:
1) Polarized
2) Non-Polarized 9
 Capacitors
Non-Polarized:

Polarized:

Large capacitors can hold a significant charge for a long time… 10

Capacitors (why do we need ?)

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 Capacitors (value)
 Capacitance for smaller capacitors are
normally in pF.
 If there are 2 numbers, then value is in pF.
 If there are 3 numbers, then use 3rd digit as
multiplier 10x. (where x is 3rd digit)
 If 3rd digit is “8” divide by “100” and if “9” then
by “10”.
 A Letter code normally indicates tolerance as
shown in table.
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 Inductors
 Stores energy as magnetic field..

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Inductors (why do we need ?)

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 Inductors (value)
 Small inductors values are in microHenry (H)
 If there are 2 numbers, then value is in H.
 If there are 3 numbers, then use 3rd digit as
multiplier 10x. (where x is 3rd digit)
 If 3rd digit is “8” divide by “100” and if “9” then
by “10”.
 If “R” appears in value, it shows decimal point
and there is no multiplier.
 A Letter code normally indicates tolerance as
shown in table. 15
 Passive Electronics (Circuits Analysis)
 Simple equations allow us to determine, rate at which energy
is being:

1. Stored

2. Dissipated

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 Passive Electronics (Circuits Analysis)
1) Electron Flow (Classical Theory) Benjamin Franklin
(1750):
 Electricity as an invisible fluid that flows from area of
excess charge (positive) to an area of deficiency
(negative) of charge.

2) Electron Flow (Modern Theory):

 Benjamin Franklin (1750) guessed incorrectly.
 Electrons flow from negative charge to positive charge.
 For most circuits analysis, this is immaterial.
 For semiconductor theory analysis, we need to
recognize true direction of electrons flow. 17
Passive Electronics (Basic Rules)

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Passive Electronics (Basic Rules)

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 Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

Quick Check:

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Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)

Quick Check:

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 Circuit Analysis
A voltage divider partitions voltage in a linear manner.

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 Circuit Analysis
Determine the relation b/w input and output signals.

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 Circuit Analysis
Step: 1
Apply KVL to circuit loop formed by Vs, VR and Vc.

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 Circuit Analysis
Step: 2
Apply Ohm’s law and KCL to circuit loop.

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 Circuit Analysis
Step: 3
Substitute and simplify.

1st order Differential equation.

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 Circuit Analysis
Step: 4
Interpret meaning.

 = 2f

See literature for details.

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Circuit Analysis
Cutoff Frequency:
System's frequency response at which energy
flowing through the system begins to be reduced
(attenuated or reflected) rather than passing through.
Magnitude Gain:
The ratio of output signal to input signal.
Phase Shift:
Normally pure resistor voltage and current in in-phase.
In case of inductor or capacitor, the signal are out-of-phase due to
impedance (due to imaginary component (j) of their resistance.)
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