a.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GAS

★ a state of matter
★ do not attract BUT collide
★ particles are freely moving and widely
★ far from each other
★ highly compressible
★ constant straight random linear motion
★ no definite shape & volume
★ diffuse very rapidly, easily and mixes evenly when combined.
★ can be compressed because of wide spaces
★ have much lower densities
★ densities of gas change depends in temperature and pressure
★ gas molecules move rapidly in HIGH temperature
★ gas molecules move slowly in COLD temperature
★ there is no force of attraction between gas particles or between the particles
and the walls of the container.
★ gas molecules have a high velocity and kinetic energy
★ density of a gas can be measured in grams per liter (g/L)
★ IF GAS MOLECULES COLLIDE, ENERGY REMAINS CONSTANT.
★ IF THEY COLLIDE, SMALLER PARTICLES SPEED UP
AND LARGER PARTICLES SLOW DOWN
★ at ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE (0) molecules of gases are MOTIONLESS
★ particles exert greater force on the interior volume of the container.
★ gases such as Argon, Neon, Nitrogen are examples of single gas.
★ kinetic means motion
★ objects in motion have kinetic energy. (duh)
★ there is a great deal of empty space between particles, which have a lot of
kinetic energy.

GAS LAWS (SCIENTIST & COMPUTATION)

Gas Laws Description Scientist

Pressure-Volume Pressure of a gas Robert Boyle

relationship increases as its volume
decreases, assuming
constant mass and
temperature.

Constant: Equation: P1/V1 = P2/V2

Temp & Mass. (n)
Volume-Temperature Volume of the gas is Jacques Charles
relationship directly proportional to
its absolute temperature,
assuming quantity of gas
and pressure remain
constant.

Constant: Equation: V1/T1 = V2/T2

Pressure & Mass (n)

Temperature-Pressure Pressure of a given Joseph Louis

relationship amount of gas held at Gay-Lussac
constant volume is
directly proportional to
the temperature.

Constant:
Volume & Mass (n) Equation: P1/T1 = P2/T2

Equal volume of gases at Amedeo Avogadro

the same temperature
and pressure contain the
Volume-Mole same number of moles.
relationship
Constant:
Pressure & Temp.
Equation: V1/n1 = V2/n2

Gas Law Relationship Meaning Constant Condition

Boyle’s Law P1/V1 = P2/V2 V↑ P↓ T, n

Charles’s Law V1/T1 = V2/T2 V↑ T↑ P, n

Gay Lussac’s Law P1/T1 = P2/T2 P↑ T↑ V, n

Avogadro’s Law V1/n1 = V2/n2 V↑ n↑ P, T

c. GAS LAWS APPLICATION IRL
Boyle’s Law
● Breathing/Respiration. As we inhale, the diaphragm muscles contract,
causing the thoracic cavity to expand. The expansion increases the volume
and results in the decrease of pressure. As we exhale, the muscles relax
causing the thoracic cavity to decrease in volume. This causes an increase
in pressure inside the lungs, thus pushing the air out.
● Deep sea fishes, when brought to the surface, die due to decreased
pressure. It results in the increased volume of gases in their bodies.
● A syringe plunger being pressed down to draw out the fluid causes the
volume inside the syringe to decrease while increasing the pressure inside.

Charles’s Law
● As one flies in a hot air balloon, the air inside the balloon, when heated,
causes the air to expand; thus, becomes lighter and so it rises.
● An inflated balloon shrinks when placed inside the refrigerator.
● During cold weather, bicycle tires become flat because the air inside the
bicycle tires shrink.

Gay Lussac’s Law

● The use of a pressure cooker and autoclaves, foods can be cooked in a
pressure cooker at higher temperatures and pressures.

Avogadro’s Law
● A flat tire takes up less volume than an inflated tire.
● As you inhale, your lungs expand as they fill with air. As you exhale, your
lungs decrease in volume.
● A helium filled balloon weighs less than an identical balloon filled with air.
● Moist air is less dense than dry air.